Simultaneous water and vapour transfer in an unsaturated mudstone in badlands terrain,southwestern Taiwan     

Kohei Higuchi  Masahiro Chigira  Der-Her Lee  Jian-Hong Wu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(13):3323-3335

The simultaneous transfer of pore fluid and vapour was studied in the unsaturated shallow subsurface of a Plio-Pleistocene marine mudstone badland slope in southwestern Taiwan during the dry season using field monitoring data and numerical simulations. Data from field monitoring show mass-basis water contents of ~0.05 to ~0.10 that decrease towards the unsaturated ground surface and were invariant during the middle part of the dry season, except for daily fluctuations. In addition, the observed daily fluctuations in water content correlate with fluctuations in bedrock temperature, especially at depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. Periodic increases in water content occurred most notably during the day, when the bedrock temperature showed the greatest increase. Water contents then decreased to the previous state as bedrock temperature decreased during the night. Calculated vapour fluxes within the mudstone during the day increased up to 6 × 10⁻⁶–1 × 10⁻⁵ kg m⁻² s⁻¹, deriving a 0.01–0.02 increase in mass-basis water content at 2.5 cm depth for a 12-h period. This agrees with field monitoring data, suggesting that increases in water content occurred due to vapour intrusions into the bedrock. Pore water electrical conductivity (EC) showed periodic variations due to vapour intrusion, and gradually increased between the ground surface and depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. In contrast, pore water EC gradually decreased between 15 and 40 cm depth. Calculated water fluxes at depths of 2.5–40.0 cm varied from −4 × 10⁻⁶ to −2 × 10⁻⁹ kg m⁻² s⁻¹. These fluxes generated an increase in solute concentrations at the ground surface, with negative values of water flux indicating an upwards movement of water towards the surface. We show that the increase in solute content due to solute transfer from depth is highly dependent on variations in water flux with depth. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Runoff response of a small agricultural basin in the argentine Pampas considering connectivity aspects     

María Guadalupe Ares  Marcelo Varni  Celio Chagas 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3102-3119

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Characterizing spatial and temporal variation in 18O and 2H content of New Zealand river water for better understanding of hydrologic processes     

Jing Yang  Bruce D. Dudley  Kelsey Montgomery  Will Hodgetts 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5474-5488

Time series of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ²H and δ¹⁸O) in rivers can be used to quantify groundwater contributions to streamflow, and timescales of catchment storage. However, these isotope hydrology techniques rely on distinct spatial or temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O within the hydrologic cycle. In New Zealand, lack of understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of δ²H and δ¹⁸O of river water hinders development of regional and national-scale hydrological models. We measured δ²H and δ¹⁸O monthly, together with river flow rates at 58 locations across New Zealand over a two-year period. Results show: (a) general patterns of decreasing δ²H and δ¹⁸O with increasing latitude were altered by New Zealand's major mountain ranges; δ²H and δ¹⁸O were distinctly lower in rivers fed from higher elevation catchments, and in eastern rain-shadow areas of both islands; (b) river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O values were partly controlled by local catchment characteristics (catchment slope, PET, catchment elevation, and upstream lake area) that influence evaporation processes; (c) regional differences in evaporation caused the slope of the river water line (i.e., the relationship between δ²H and δ¹⁸O in river water) for the (warmer) North Island to be lower than that of the (cooler, mountain-dominated) South Island; (d) δ²H seasonal offsets (i.e., the difference between seasonal peak and mean values) for individual sites ranged from 0.50‰ to 5.07‰. Peak values of δ¹⁸O and δ²H were in late summer, but values peaked 1 month later at the South Island sites, likely due to greater snow-melt contributions to streamflow. Strong spatial differences in river water δ²H and δ¹⁸O caused by orographic rainfall effects and evaporation may inform studies of water mixing across landscapes. Generally distinct seasonal isotope cycles, despite the large catchment sizes of rivers studied, are encouraging for transit time analysis applications.  相似文献   

结合BM3D和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法     

任超  李现广  邓开元  潘亚龙  朱子林  张志刚  施显健 《测绘通报》2020,(1):89-93

提出了一种基于三维块匹配（BM3D）和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法，使用coief3小波和sym2小波替换传统三维块匹配算法中的bior1.5和hear参数，将三维块匹配算法和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波相结合以提高算法对混合噪声的去噪能力。进行一个仿真对比试验和一个真实遥感影像去噪试验，试验表明，本文提出的方法在遥感影像混合噪声去噪方面效果要优于传统混合噪声去噪方法。  相似文献   

无人机技术在海岛测绘中的应用     

李雪瑞  魏征  田松  李明杰 《测绘通报》2020,(1):150-153

为提高海岛测绘的技术手段，将无人机引入海岛地形调查中，以Swallow-P小型固定翼无人机开展惠州市大亚湾虎洲海岛大比例尺测图为例，系统归纳了无人机外业数据采集与内业数据处理的具体流程，并制作了DEM和DOM成果；经过实测地面点精度分析得出虎洲无人机大比例尺测图成果平面位置中误差和高程中误差符合1∶1000测图精度要求。  相似文献   

面向数字孪生城市的智能化全息测绘   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

顾建祥  杨必胜  董震  杨常红 《测绘通报》2020,(6):134-140

以大数据、物联网、人工智能、虚拟现实、云计算、智能驾驶等新技术为代表的信息化浪潮席卷全球，数字世界与物理世界正形成两大平行发展、相互作用的体系，数字孪生技术应运而生。随着物联网技术（IOT）的发展，数字孪生的理念被引入到智慧城市建设中来，深刻影响着城市规划、建设与治理。笔者所在单位面向数字孪生城市和自然资源统一监管对测绘地理信息的新需求，在全国开创性地开展了面向数字孪生城市的智能化全息测绘试点工作。本文结合上海市智能化全息测绘试点工作，从数字孪生城市、数字孪生城市对地理信息的新需求、智能化全息测绘关键技术及测绘成果等方面展开了论述，重点介绍了智能化全息测绘的技术体系和产品体系，以及在社会各领域的应用成果。  相似文献   

香坊老工业区搬迁改造监测分析     

李晶晶  罗研  张滨 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):182-184,188

利用地理信息技术及遥感监测方法,监测香坊老工业区搬迁改造试点进展情况,主要针对搬迁改造过程中地表覆盖、用地性质、空气质量变化情况,开展综合统计分析,客观评价香坊老工业搬迁改造实施成效。  相似文献   

城市“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的困境与出路——基于北京市的调查研究     

王颖  段霞  吴康 《地理科学》2020,40(5):786-792

剖析北京“腾笼换鸟”产业转型升级的现状,在针对“新鸟”进笼“老鸟”去哪问题,“老笼”空间结构合理优化问题,“老鸟”涅槃“新鸟”培育问题,“老鸟”和“新笼”承接问题的分析基础上,提出应完善京津冀产业链协作,“腾笼换鸟”拓展区域联动发展空间;东西城合并成首都特区,“腾笼换鸟”保护北京历史文化名城;切实发挥政府的职能作用,“腾笼换鸟”提升企业内在动力机制;规划建设“微中心”小城镇,“腾笼换鸟”促进北京人口有效疏解的建议。  相似文献   

东北三省全面振兴的社会经济支撑能力评估     

马丽  田华征  康蕾  戚伟 《地理科学》2020,40(6):863-873

在解析支撑能力和东北问题特点的基础上，从“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”五大理念出发建立全面振兴社会经济支撑能力评价指标体系和综合评价方法，以地级市为单元对东北三省进行评估。研究发现：各地市社会经济支撑能力差异显著，哈大沿线核心城市的支撑能力较强，西翼城市以及朝阳、七台河、绥化、葫芦岛、铁岭、双鸭山和鹤岗等资源型城市支撑能力较弱。因此未来东北地区在振兴政策的区域分布上应有所侧重，对不同地区施以不同的振兴或扶持政策。在创新、绿色、开放方面需要集中力量重点突破，而在体制机制改革和共享服务建设方面需要全面覆盖，并重点加强黑龙江北部和辽宁、吉林西翼城市的共享能力建设。  相似文献   

中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化及其影响因素     

郭政  姚士谋  吴常艳 《地理科学》2020,40(12):1949-1957

采用空间分析和空间杜宾模型等方法，研究1999—2017年中国工业烟粉尘排放时空演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布差异明显，其排放的基尼系数和污染物分布指数均呈现下降态势，空间集中程度有所缓和。② 中国工业烟粉尘排放空间分布呈东北?西南走向，其排放中心不断由东南向西北方向迁移。③ 中国工业烟粉尘排放存在空间相关性和空间溢出效应，其冷热点区空间分布发生显著变化。④ 能源消耗、第二产业比重、人口密度和经济发展水平的提升将会增加工业烟粉尘排放，而外资水平、治理技术水平和环境规制力度的提升则有利于减少工业烟粉尘排放。  相似文献