极地冰钻关键技术研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

张楠  王亮  Pavel Talalay  范晓鹏  王如生  杨阳  洪嘉琳  宫达  孙友宏  李院生  李冰 《探矿工程》2020,47(2):1-16

极地冰钻技术是获取冰芯，研究冰盖-冰架-海洋相互作用，以及获取极地冰下基岩与冰下水环境样品，开展冰下环境探测的重要手段。目前极地冰钻技术的难点与前沿主要包括深冰芯钻探、冰架热水钻、冰下基岩钻和冰下水环境采样与观测技术。本文针对以上4个极地冰钻关键技术，对国内外相关技术的研究进展与项目开展情况进行了总结与梳理。综合来看，虽然我国开展极地钻探技术研究起步较晚，但随着我国极地战略不断推进，我国的极地冰钻关键技术与装备的研究正持续向着赶超极地钻探强国方向迈进，这必将为我国的极地科学研究提供强有力的技术支撑。  相似文献   

基于旅游开发影响的五台山植被景观特征分析     

牛莉芹  程占红 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1162-1174

以往旅游对植被影响的评价成果较多,但是旅游影响下植被景观与地理因子之间的关系报道较少。本文利用多种数量生态学方法探讨了五台山旅游开发与植被景观之间的生态关系。结果表明：① 旅游开发影响下五台山植被景观可分为单优乔木区、草本区、差级乔草区、中级乔草区、中级灌草区、良级灌草区、良级乔灌草区、优级乔灌草区、以及寺庙区、商业区或居民区9种类型。② 在除趋势对应分析中,第一轴与所有因子的相关性都较大,第二轴与旅游干扰度和海拔呈显著的负相关性。各植被景观类型的空间分布在一定程度上取决于关键性指标的空间格局。③ 除趋势典范对应分析方法能够大大提高植被景观特征与地理因子间的相关性,并将其直观地表达于排序图中。在植被景观特征与地理因子的关系上,第一轴上的相关系数是0.858_DCCA>0.828_DCA,第二轴上的相关系数是0.583_DCCA>0.501_DCA,这说明除趋势典范对应分析方法更优。  相似文献   

西藏羌北高原多格错仁盐湖中更新世晚期以来的环境演化记录     

李金锁  刘喜方  牛新生  商斌  李国臣 《地质学报》2020,94(10):3130-3143

通过对西藏藏北高原多格错仁盐湖湖岸3101cm高度剖面进行地形地貌、地层沉积特征、矿物学特征及粒度、频率磁化率等气候环境变化指标的分析研究发现，整个剖面反映出大致6个较大的气候变化过程：233. 3kaBP～223. 5kaBP气候波动较大，总体趋势气候趋于干冷，期间出现过两次较温暖气候，之后气候逐渐变冷；在223. 5kaBP～213. 6kaBP总体变化为气温大幅度上升，但在期间有一次较大的相对冷干过程；213. 6kaBP～170kaBP之间总体变化气候趋于变冷，中间有2次明显的气候变暖湿过程及两次冷干过程；170kaBP～117. 1kaBP气候转为明显湿热；117. 1kaBP～75. 6kaBP气候变化趋势明显降低；75. 6kaBP～56. 7kaBP气候又明显上升达到湿热状态。以上气候波动规律与极地冰芯记录及深海氧同位素记录的古气候波动规律有很好的一致性，同时本盐湖区与柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区的CH0310钻孔及青海湖南岸二郎剑阶地的 QH 86钻孔所揭示的中更新世晚期以来的气候变化的分析对比，发现西藏羌北的多格错仁盐湖区与青海的察尔汗盐湖区及青海湖湖区在更新世中晚期以来的气候环境变迁存在极好的可比性，说明青藏高原的气候演化在中晚更新世以来基本具有一致性，在时间上的微小超前与滞后具有区域上的细微变化，说明气候变迁在不同的区域又具有各自的独特性。  相似文献   

极地低压对费拉姆海峡大西洋入流水天气尺度变化的影响     

孙瑞立  高郭平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(3):42-50

The Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait(78°50′N) has synoptic scale variability based on an array of moorings over the period of 1998–2010. The synoptic scale variability of Atlantic inflow, whose significant cycle is 3–16 d, occurs mainly in winter and spring(from January to April) and is related with polar lows in the Barents Sea. On the synoptic scale, the enhancement(weakening) of Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait is accompanied by less(more)polar lows in the Barents Sea. Wind stress curl induced by polar lows in the Barents Sea causes Ekman-transport,leads to decrease of sea surface height in the Barents Sea, due to geostrophic adjustment, further induces a cyclonic circulation anomaly around the Barents Sea, and causes the weakening of the Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait. Our results highlight the importance of polar lows in forcing the Atlantic inflow in the Fram Strait and can help us to further understand the effect of Atlantic warm water on the change of the Arctic Ocean.  相似文献   

Influence of Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming on the Unprecedented Cold Wave in East Asia in January 2021   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yingxian ZHANG  Dong SI  Yihui DING  Dabang JIANG  Qingquan LI  Guofu WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):576-590

An unprecedented cold wave intruded into East Asia in early January 2021 and led to record-breaking or historical extreme low temperatures over vast regions.This study shows that a major stratospheric sudden warming(SSW)event at the beginning of January 2021 exerted an important influence on this cold wave.The major SSW event occurred on 2 January 2021 and subsequently led to the displacement of the stratospheric polar vortex to the East Asian side.Moreover,the SSW event induced the stratospheric warming signal to propagate downward to the mid-to-lower troposphere,which not only enhanced the blocking in the Urals-Siberia region and the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation,but also shifted the tropospheric polar vortex off the pole.The displaced tropospheric polar vortex,Ural blocking,and another downstream blocking ridge over western North America formed a distinct inverted omega-shaped circulation pattern(IOCP)in the East Asia-North Pacific sector.This IOCP was the most direct and impactful atmospheric pattern causing the cold wave in East Asia.The IOCP triggered a meridional cell with an upward branch in East Asia and a downward branch in Siberia.The meridional cell intensified the Siberian high and low-level northerly winds,which also favored the invasion of the cold wave into East Asia.Hence,the SSW event and tropospheric circulations such as the IOCP,negative phase of Arctic Oscillation,Ural blocking,enhanced Siberian high,and eastward propagation of Rossby wave eventually induced the outbreak of an unprecedented cold wave in East Asia in early January 2021.  相似文献   

极地地区北斗三号单点定位精度分析     

杜彦君  贾小林  姚顽强  许瑾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(9):914-918

为分析BDS-3在极地地区的定位精度,选取两极地区10个MGEX站连续7 d的观测数据进行SPP和PPP实验。结果表明,BDS-3在两极地区可见卫星数及PDOP基本一致,平均可见卫星数约为9颗,PDOP约为2.3。BDS-3各频点间定位精度相差不大,南极地区SPP定位精度略优于北极,特别是U方向。北极地区E、N、U方向定位精度分别优于1 m、1 m和5 m,南极地区E、N、U方向定位精度分别优于1 m、1 m和2 m。BDS-3在两极地区PPP定位精度相当,与GPS定位精度基本一致,各频点组合定位精度在E、N、U方向均优于2 cm。  相似文献   

广州地铁五号线第三方水平位移监测的实践   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄泽健 《测绘工程》2006,15(5):61-64

通过广州地铁五号线土建施工第三方监测实践,介绍并分析TCA2003智能型全站仪在极坐标法水平位移监测中的适用性,提出平面位移量的计算方法,总结了第三方水平位移监测的方法和技术要点。  相似文献   

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies     

Yan XIA  Yongyun HU  Jiankai ZHANG  Fei XIE  Wenshou TIAN 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1723-1736

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.  相似文献   

美国极地钻探科学目标分析与钻探技术进展          下载免费PDF全文

李冰  韩丽丽  李亚洲  范晓鹏  宫达  洪嘉琳  张楠  冶宇霆  汪月  孙友宏 《探矿工程》2021,48(9):9-24

极地钻探是获取极地冰层或冰下环境样品和在极地冰层或冰下布放科学观测仪器的最直接方法,是开展极地科学研究的必要技术手段。美国是开展极地钻探较早的国家之一,也是极地钻探强国。相比美国,我国极地钻探技术尚处于起步阶段。本文以《美国冰钻委员会长期科学规划2021-2031》为基础,结合其官方网站和相关文献资料,梳理了美国极地钻探科学目标和极地钻探技术现状,并简要介绍了过去10年美国极地钻探的现场工作情况及其在未来3年的工作计划,以期为我国极地钻探发展提供参考。  相似文献   

The cause of the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

The stratospheric polar vortex strengthening from late winter to spring plays a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The Arctic polar vortex reaches its peak intensity in mid-winter, whereas the Antarctic vortex usually strengthens in early spring. As a result, the strong ozone depletion is observed every year over the Antarctic, while over the Arctic short-term ozone loss occasionally occurs in late winter or early spring. However, the cause of such a difference in the life cycles of the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices is still not completely clear. Based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we show a high agreement between the seasonal variations of temperature in the subtropical lower stratosphere and zonal wind in the subpolar and polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere. Thus, the spring strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex can occur due to the seasonal temperature increase in the subtropical lower stratosphere in this period.  相似文献