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排序方式： 共有108条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Herbert Ssegane Devendra M. Amatya Augustine Muwamba George M. Chescheir Tim Appelboom E.W. Tollner Jami E. Nettles Mohamed A. Youssef François Birgand R.W. Skaggs 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3458-3471
Historically, paired watershed studies have been used to quantify the hydrological effects of land use and management practices by concurrently monitoring 2 similar watersheds during calibration (pretreatment) and post‐treatment periods. This study characterizes seasonal water table and flow response to rainfall during the calibration period and tests a change detection technique of moving sums of recursive residuals (MOSUM) to select calibration periods for each control–treatment watershed pair when the regression coefficients for daily water table elevation were most stable to minimize regression model uncertainty. The control and treatment watersheds were 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old intensely managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with natural understory, 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old loblolly pine intercropped with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), 1 watershed of 14–15‐year‐old thinned loblolly pine with natural understory (control), and 1 watershed of switchgrass only. The study period spanned from 2009 to 2012. Silvicultural operational practices during this period acted as external factors, potentially shifting hydrologic calibration relationships between control and treatment watersheds. MOSUM results indicated significant changes in regression parameters due to silvicultural operations and were used to identify stable relationships for water table elevation. None of the calibration relationships developed using this method were significantly different from the classical calibration relationship based on published historical data. We attribute that to the similarity of historical and 2010–2012 leaf area index on control and treatment watersheds as moderated by the emergent vegetation. Although the MOSUM approach does not eliminate the need for true calibration data or replace the classic paired watershed approach, our results show that it may be an effective alternative approach when true data are unavailable, as it minimizes the impacts of external disturbances other than the treatment of interest. 相似文献
2.
分别利用GLOBK和QOCA软件对陆态网络260个基准站的GNSS观测数据进行处理,获得站点在ITRF2008框架下的坐标和速度。通过比较分析两个软件的解算结果,证明了QOCA软件能更好地处理测站位移的非线性变化,并通过拟合周年、半年项、剔除共模误差等手段提高解算精度。结果表明,相比于GLOBK软件,QOCA软件得到的拟合残差序列的RMS在E、N、U 3个方向上分别减小70%、80%和70%。 相似文献
3.
Water temperature has a significant influence on aquatic organisms, including stenotherm fish such as salmonids. It is thus of prime importance to build reliable tools to forecast water temperature. This study evaluated a statistical scheme to model average water temperature based on daily average air temperature and average discharge at the Sainte-Marguerite River, Northern Canada. The aim was to test a non-parametric water temperature generalized additive model (GAM) and to compare its performance to three previously developed approaches: the logistic, residuals regression and linear regression models. Due to its flexibility, the GAM was able to capture some of the nonlinear response between water temperature and the two explanatory variables (air temperature and flow). The shape of these effects was determined by the trends shown in the collected data. The four models were evaluated annually using a cross-validation technique. Three comparison criteria were calculated: the root mean square error (RMSE), the bias error and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSC). The goodness of fit of the four models was also compared graphically. The GAM was the best among the four models (RMSE = 1.44°C, bias = ?0.04 and NSC = 0.94). 相似文献
4.
Rocks can be modeled in a continuum framework as fissured, poroelastic materials, i.e., materials with two degrees of porosity, one due to the fissures and another one due to the pores. The governing equations of motion of fissured poroelastic rocks established by Beskos are rederived here by establishing a variational statement which also provides the boundary conditions of the problem. This is accomplished by considering strain, dissipation and kinetic energies as well as the work of external forces. The above statement is also derived here by employing the method of weighted residuals. 相似文献
5.
GPS结果显示，2011年3月11日日本MW9.0大地震引起了我国东北地区的拉张活动增强，其中，依兰——伊通断裂带最显著．这个变化在温度场中是否也有所响应是一个值得探讨的问题，也是一个利用地表温度进行现今构造活动探索的机会．本文利用2000——2011年的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)地表温度产品对东北地区地表温度进行了分析，以去除稳定年周期变化的年变残差作为研究对象, 通过空间和时间分析，排除地形、纬度、气象等干扰因素的影响，寻找与构造活动相关的热信息．结果表明， 2001年初和2010年初依兰——伊通断裂北段曾经出现了显著的降温现象，且降温过程持续约两个月．通过气象资料分析，初步认为上述现象并非由气象因素引起．这与GPS远场同震位移结果所显示的依兰——伊通断裂带在日本地震后出现相对比较明显的张性应变相吻合. 初步认为上述降温现象与依兰——伊通断裂的拉张增强有关． 相似文献
6.
基于船载ADCP观测对罗源湾湾口断面潮流及余流的分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于对罗源湾可门水道的25 h连续走航ADCP观测,成功构建了沿走航断面共12个站位的连续海流时间序列,并对这些站位的潮流、余流以及潮通量等进行了分析。结果表明可门水道内的潮流为正规半日潮流,驻波性质明显,涨潮首先出现在水道中下层而退潮则首先发生在水道上层。水道内的潮流为往复流,水道南部M2分潮流流速较大,并且其倾角自北向南逐渐增加。此外,水道两端的浅水区域内浅水分潮M4振幅较显著。可门水道内余流呈现出两层结构,20 m以浅余流沿东北向流出海湾,并且出流的核心位置偏南,而20 m以深的余流沿西南向流入湾内,入流的流核位于偏北的近底层区域。对潮通量的积分计算表明通过可门水道进入罗源湾的潮通量约为4.81×108 m3。 相似文献
7.
Truncation of the distribution of ground-motion residuals 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Recent studies to assess very long-term seismic hazard in the USA and in Europe have highlighted the importance of the upper
tail of the ground-motion distribution at the very low annual frequencies of exceedance required by these projects. In particular,
the use of an unbounded lognormal distribution to represent the aleatory variability of ground motions leads to very high
and potentially unphysical estimates of the expected level of shaking. Current practice in seismic hazard analysis consists
of truncating the ground-motion distribution at a fixed number (ε
max) of standard deviations (σ). However, there is a general lack of consensus regarding the truncation level to adopt. This paper investigates whether
a physical basis for choosing ε
max can be found, by examining records with large positive residuals from the dataset used to derive one of the ground-motion
models of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. In particular, interpretations of the selected records in terms of
causative physical mechanisms are reviewed. This leads to the conclusion that even in well-documented cases, it is not possible
to establish a robust correlation between specific physical mechanisms and large values of the residuals, and thus obtain
direct physical constraints on ε
max. Alternative approaches based on absolute levels of ground motion and numerical simulations are discussed. However, the choice
of ε
max is likely to remain a matter of judgment for the foreseeable future, in view of the large epistemic uncertainties associated
with these alternatives. Additional issues arise from the coupling between ε
max and σ, which causes the truncation level in terms of absolute ground motion to be dependent on the predictive equation used. Furthermore,
the absolute truncation level implied by ε
max will also be affected if σ is reduced significantly. These factors contribute to rendering a truncation scheme based on a single ε
max value impractical. 相似文献
8.
顾及双差残差反演GPS信号方向的斜路径水汽含量 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
给出了顾及GPS双差残差反演斜路径水汽SWV的解算流程;然后详细给出了双差残差到非差残差的转化算法,并对算法进行了改进;最后利用并址的GPS和WVR实测数据对反演SWV算法进行了验证,结果证实改进的反演算法能以优于4 mm精度近实时估算SWV值,与目前国际研究精度在同一量级。 相似文献
9.
After the earthquake (Ms = 6.1) occurred in Luquan county of Yunnan province on April 18, 1985, the relationship between major
earthquakes and astronomical time-latitude residuals (ATLR) of a photoelectric astrolabe in Yunnan Observatory was analyzed.
ATLR are the rest after deducting the effects of Earth’s whole motion from the observations of time and latitude. It was found
that there appeared the anomalies of the ATLR before earthquakes which happened in and around Yunnan, a seismic active region.
The reason of the anomalies is possibly from change of the plumb line due to the motion of the groundmass before earthquakes.
Afterwards, using studies of the anomalous characters and laws of ATLR, we tried to provide the warning information prior
to the occurrence of a few major earthquakes in the region. The significant synchronous anomalies of ATLR of the observatory
appeared before the earthquake of magnitude 6.2 in Dayao county of Yunnan province, on July 21, 2003. It has been again verified
that the anomalies possibly provide the prediction information for strong earthquakes around the observatory. 相似文献
10.