Toxic cyanobacteria at Nakuru sewage oxidation ponds - A potential threat to wildlife     

Kiplagat Kotut  Claudia Wiegand 《Limnologica》2010,40(1):47-53

Phytoplankton composition and biomass, and microcystin content were determined on diverse dates between November 2001 and June 2006 in the final oxidation pond of the Nakuru town sewage treatment plant. The oxidation ponds as well as the rivulet that drains the same are important water sources for some wildlife in the park. The phytoplankton composition of the pond studied mostly comprised coccoid green alga species. However, occasionally cyanobacteria or euglenoids were dominant. Among the cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp. made periodic appearance in the phytoplankton, and was the dominant species on some occasions. Total phytoplankton biomass varied widely from 48 to 135 mg L⁻¹ (wet weight) while cyanobacteria biomass ranged from undetectable levels to 130 mg L⁻¹. Most phytoplankton biomass was due to one or a few species. Detectable cyanotoxin concentrations (sum of microcystins) of up to 551.08 μg mg⁻¹ dry weight (DW) of cyanobacteria biomass or 0.28 μg mg⁻¹ DW of total phytoplankton biomass were recorded in samples collected on different dates. Microcystin content did not appear to correspond to the biomass of cyanobacteria suggesting that toxin production is possibly triggered by environmental changes or changes in the proportion of toxic strains. An occasional presence of microcystins in the pond water suggests that the wildlife species, which regularly use the ponds as drinking water sources are potentially exposed to intoxication. A close monitoring of pond water phytoplankton composition is necessary to accurately quantify the potential impact of cyanotoxins on these wildlife species.  相似文献   

Liquefaction behaviour of loose and compacted pond ash     

Ravi S. Jakka  Manoj Datta  G.V. Ramana 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

Most of the ash produced all over the world is primarily disposed off by wet disposal method onto the ash ponds, which are occupying huge valuable lands. This disposal problem can be minimized by utilizing ash in large geotechnical earthworks. However, its use in earthquake prone areas requires thorough understanding of its liquefaction resistance and nature of development of excess pore pressures under dynamic loading conditions. Investigations have been carried out in this paper on the liquefaction behaviour of pond ash by conducting cyclic triaxial tests on inflow and outflow ash samples collected from two different ash ponds. Distinctly different liquefaction phenomenon was observed for the ash samples from inflow and outflow points of the same ash pond. Inflow samples exhibited higher cyclic resistance than outflow samples and their strengths were comparable with the natural sands. Further studies revealed that the influence of various factors on liquefaction susceptibility of both the types of ashes is similar to that of natural sands.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in submarine groundwater discharge to coastal salt ponds estimated using Ra and Ra as tracers     

A.L. Hougham  S.B. Moran  J.P. Masterson  R.P. Kelly 《Marine Chemistry》2008,109(3-4):268

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal southern Rhode Island was estimated from measurements of the naturally-occurring radioisotopes ²²⁶Ra (t_1/2 = 1600 y) and ²²⁸Ra (t_1/2 = 5.75 y). Surface water and porewater samples were collected quarterly in Winnapaug, Quonochontaug, Ninigret, Green Hill, and Pt. Judith–Potter Ponds, as well as nearly monthly in the surface water of Rhode Island Sound, from January 2002 to August 2003; additional porewater samples were collected in August 2005. Surface water activities ranged from 12–83 dpm 100 L^− 1 (60 dpm = 1 Bq) and 21–256 dpm 100 L^− 1 for ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra, respectively. Porewater ²²⁶Ra activities ranged from 16–736 dpm 100 L^− 1 (2002–2003) and 95–815 dpm 100 L^− 1 (2005), while porewater ²²⁸Ra activities ranged from 23–1265 dpm 100 L^− 1. Combining these data with a simple box model provided average ²²⁶Ra-based submarine groundwater fluxes ranging from 11–159 L m^− 2 d^− 1 and average ²²⁸Ra-derived fluxes of 15–259 L m^− 2 d^− 1. Seasonal changes in Ra-derived SGD were apparent in all ponds as well as between ponds, with SGD values of 30–472 L m^− 2 d^− 1 (Winnapaug Pond), 6–20 L m^− 2 d^− 1 (Quonochontaug Pond), 36–273 L m^− 2 d^− 1 (Ninigret Pond), 29–76 L m^− 2 d^− 1 (Green Hill Pond), and 19–83 L m^− 2 d^− 1 (Pt. Judith–Potter Pond). These Ra-derived fluxes are up to two orders of magnitude higher than results predicted by a numerical model of groundwater flow, estimates of aquifer recharge for the study period, and values published in previous Ra-based SGD studies in Rhode Island. This disparity may result from differences in the type of flow (recirculated seawater versus fresh groundwater) determined using each technique, as well as variability in porewater Ra activity.  相似文献   

重盐碱地养殖池塘水化学特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石玉龙  段登选  王志忠  杜兴华  张明磊 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(2)

2007年6月～10月对位于黄河下游重盐碱地凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘的水化学特性进行了研究.结果表明:(1)该地区水体的水型主要表现为ClNaⅢ,总含盐量较高,平均(2143.77±859.18)mg/L,在阴离子中,氯离子含量最高,平均(944.07±477.57)mg/L.(2)pH值较高,各池塘平均值为8.79～9.15,在整个养殖周期中水体pH＞8.5的比例占87.9%,pH＞9的比例占47.0%.(3)总硬度较高,平均为(11.96±3.69)mmol/L,极值范围为7.05～22.4mmol/L,主要表现为镁硬度.(4)水体中营养元素氮的含量较高,活性磷的含量相对较低,而总磷含量较丰富,能够满足浮游植物生长的需求.  相似文献   

海水养殖池海洋原甲藻水华前后水化条件的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐永健  李德尚  王伟良  刘剑昭 《海洋湖沼通报》2000,(1):41-46

本文研究了海水养殖池塘实验围隔中海洋原甲藻水华暴发前、后水化条件的变化,得出了如下结果：海洋原甲藻水华一般多发生在连续晴朗的天气,而常在阴雨天气崩溃;从水化条件方面来说,该藻水华也常发生于ＮＯ３－Ｎ浓度以及Ｎ／Ｐ比较大时。在扁灌等绿藻类与海洋原甲藻交替成为优势种时,可以利用水体中Ｃh１。总量及Ｃｈ１．ｂ、Ｃｈ１．ｃ之间 的波动情况来反映该水华的发生与崩溃。  相似文献   

基于无人机高光谱遥感技术对内陆养殖池塘水质监测的研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘梅  马启良  原居林  倪蒙  练青平  郭爱环 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(1):195-205

为准确、快速、全面获取内陆养殖小区池塘及尾水处理池水体水质变化情况,建立养殖水环境实时预警调控及数字化管控机制,选择浙江湖州市集中连片的养殖小区为试验区,于2020年12月采用搭载GaiaSky-mini高光谱相机的无人机进行试验区近地遥感图像采集,并进行图像拼接、辐射校正和几何校正等预处理;然后对反射波段进行差值、比值及归一化差值指数进行数值变换,基于相关性分析筛选不同水质参数的敏感波段,进而采用线性函数、指数函数和多项式函数构建各水质参数定量反演模型,并用全波段构建偏最小二乘回归(PLS)、径向基神经网络(RBF)和支持向量机(SVM)反演模型,进行模型验证与评价;最后基于各水质最佳水质模型对试验区水质参数进行空间分布反演与分析。结果表明,总悬浮物(TSS)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD;)和氨氮(NH;-N)的最大相关系数分别为0.86、0.65、0.72、–0.85和0.75;对比6种建模方法,多项式函数对TSS反演精度最高,偏最小二乘对NH;-N反演精度最高,RBF对TN和COD;反演精度最高,支持向量机对TP反演精度最高,其中NH;-N反演精度需要进一步优化提高,其他4种水质参数均达到养殖池塘预测精度要求。基于无人机高光谱技术可快速反演养殖小区水质空间分布图,实现养殖池塘及尾水处理池水质信息的快速准确获取。  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖系统的水质理化状况     

申玉春  熊邦喜  叶富良  操玉涛 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(1):16-21

对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明,养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高,中后期较低;虾池pH变化在7.89~9.02之间,变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高,变化范围分别为18.5~162.3 mg/L和3.52~14.58 mg/L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大,无机氮的数量变化在0.206~1.621 mg/L之间,含量逐渐升高,磷酸盐数量变化在0.009~0.067 mg/L之间,含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高,平均为62.7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。  相似文献   

东风盐场卤水中可溶性糖的研究──Ⅰ、盐田卤水中可溶性糖的季节变化及其与海盐产量和质量之间的关系     

宫相忠  董树刚  吴以平  魏建功  高尚德  李永祺 《海洋湖沼通报》1997,(2)

对东风盐场9个站位卤水中由藻类植物产生的可溶性糖浓度的变化规律及其与海盐产量和质量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明，各站位可溶性糖含量的变化范围为0．7－124．3mg／L，以6月份最高，2月份最低；卤水中可溶性糖在111mg／L－215mg／L范围内，结晶盐的产量随卤水中可溶性糖含量的增加而提高，但同时降低了NaCl的含量，并增加了可溶性杂质及水分的含量，从而降低了盐质。初始可溶性糖浓度为111mg／L、137mg／L、160mg／L、193mg／L和215mg／L的25．4°Be’的卤水，在日照下实验12天，其对应结晶盐的NaCl含量分别为91．66％、90．63％、90．48％、90．23％和88．46％，可溶性杂质的含量分别为3．05％、3．32％、3．33％和4．54％。  相似文献   

有益微生物改善养殖生态研究──Ⅰ.复合微生物分解有机底泥及对鱼类的促生长效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李卓佳  张庆  陈康德 《广东海洋大学学报》1998,(1)

应用以芽孢杆菌为主导菌的微生物复合制剂进行分解养鱼池有机污泥的试验,菌剂合活菌数为109个／g．用量为1.5～4．5mg·L－1。经一个月的试验,池底原有厚3～5cm的有机污泥被分解,并对鱼类有明显的促生长作用。说明应用以芽孢杆菌为主导菌的微生物复合制剂净化养殖池塘底质是一种有效的措施。  相似文献   

Fluctuation in the zooplankton community in two solar salt ponds,Aveiro, Portugal     

N. Vieira  F. Amat 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(4):327-333

The zooplankton of two salt ponds at Aveiro was studied to evaluate its density and diversity. Samples were collected biweekly from the salt ponds Esmolas and Tanoeiras. Samples were first separated into Holoplankton (Copepoda, nauplii,Acartia, Ostracoda and Anostraca) and Meroplankton (Mollusca, Insecta, annelidan larvae and Ichthyoplankton). The Holoplankton was mainly composed of:Acartia tonsa, Acartia sp.,Eurytemora velox, Artemia sp., and harpacticoids and calanoids. In both salt ponds, species diversity was identical, but total zooplankton density was higher in the Tanoeiras salt pond, probably because its physical and chemical characteristics allowed the development of stable communities.  相似文献