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1.
Climate change is likely to manifest in river flow changes across the globe, which could have wide-ranging consequences for society and the natural environment. A number of previous studies used the UK Climate Projections 2009 (UKCP09) to investigate the potential impacts on river flows in Britain, but these projections were recently updated by the release of UKCP18, thus there is a need to update flow studies. Here, the UKCP18 Regional (12 km) projections are applied using a national-scale grid-based hydrological model, to investigate potential future changes in seasonal mean river flows across Great Britain. Analysis of hydrological model performance using baseline climate model data (1980–2010) shows relatively good agreement with use of observation-based data, particularly after application of a monthly precipitation bias-correction. Analysis of seasonal mean flow changes for two future time-slices (2020–2050 and 2050–2080) suggests large decreases in summer flows across the country (median −45% by 2050–2080), but possible increases in winter flows (median 9% by 2050–2080), especially in the north and west. Information on the potential range of flow changes using the latest projections is necessary to develop appropriate adaptation strategies, and comparisons with previous projections can help update existing plans, although such comparisons are often not straightforward.  相似文献   
2.
高康  徐燕  胡天明  韩伶敏 《探矿工程》2021,48(1):112-119
季冻区草炭土是沼泽环境中植物残体在氧化分解作用下,堆积形成的含有大量未分解纤维残体的特殊土。草炭土纤维及其含量对其强度和变形特性具有重要影响,目前考虑纤维含量对草炭土强度和变形特性影响的本构关系研究还相对匮乏。K-G本构模型因其模型参数与土的体积模量和剪切模量能建立直接联系,因此在岩土工程非线性理论和数值计算分析方面广泛应用。以不同纤维含量的草炭土为研究对象,进行三轴剪切试验,研究了草炭土的应力应变曲线,得到了草炭土非线性K-G模型参数,分析了各模型参数随纤维含量的变化规律,建立了模型参数与纤维含量之间的线性函数关系。  相似文献   
3.
基于Fortran语言对GAMIT10.7软件进行二次开发,实现了Hopfield模型、Saastamoinen模型、Black模型、UNB3模型、EGNOS模型、GPT2w_1+Saastamoinen模型和GPT2w_5+Saastamoinen模型在中国西北地区的对流层延迟解算服务,并分析不同对流层延迟模型在西北地区的适应性问题。实验表明,在实测气象数据模型中,Saastamoinen模型在中国西北地区获取的天顶对流层延迟精度最高,各个测站平均bias值和RMS值分别是-1.67 cm、3.83 cm;Hopfield模型和Black模型精度相当。在非实测气象数据模型中,GPT2w_1+Saastamoinen模型精度最高,GPT2w_5+Saastamoinen模型次之,EGNOS模型最低。不同对流层延迟模型的精度均受季节变化影响,夏季bias的绝对值和RMS值最大,冬季最小,春季和秋季结果相当。  相似文献   
4.
The persistence effect contribution of legacy nutrients is often cited as a reason for little or no improvement in water quality following extensive implementation of watershed nutrient mitigation actions, yet there is limited knowledge concerning factors influencing this response, often called the “persistence effect.” Here, we adopted detrended fluctuation analysis and Spearman analysis methods to assess the influence of land use on the watershed phosphorus (P) persistence effect, using monthly water quality records during 2010–2016 in 13 catchments within a drinking water reservoir watershed in eastern China. Detrended fluctuation analysis was used to calculate the Hurst exponent α to assess watershed legacy P characteristics (α  ≈ 0.5, α  > 0.5, and α  < 0.5 indicate white noise, persistence, and anti‐persistence, respectively). Results showed weak to strong P persistence (0.60–0.81) in the time series of riverine P in the 13 catchments. The Hurst exponent α had negative relationships with agricultural land (R = ?.47, p = .11) and developed land (R = ?.67, p = .01) and a positive relationship with forest land cover (R = .48, p = .10). The persistence effect of riverine P was mainly determined by retention ability (biogeochemical legacy) and migration efficiency (hydrological legacy). A catchment with strong retention capacity (e.g., biomass uptake/storage and soil PO4 sorption) and low migration efficiency results in a stronger persistence effect for riverine P. In practice, source control is more effective in catchments with weak persistence, whereas sink control (e.g., riparian buffers and wetlands) is preferred in catchments with strong persistence effects.  相似文献   
5.
The elevated levels of primary productivity associated with eastern boundary currents are driven by nutrient- rich waters upwelled from depth, such that these regions are typically characterised by high rates of nitrate-fuelled phytoplankton growth. Production studies from the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) tend to be biased towards the summer upwelling season, yet winter data are required to compute annual budgets and understand seasonal variability. Net primary production (NPP) and nitrate and ammonium uptake were measured concurrently at six stations in the SBUS in early winter. While euphotic zone NPP was highest at the stations nearest to the coast and declined with distance from the shore, a greater proportion was potentially exportable from open-ocean surface waters, as indicated by the higher specific nitrate uptake rates and f-ratios (ratio of nitrate uptake to total nitrogen consumption) at the stations located off the continental shelf. Near the coast, phytoplankton growth was predominantly supported by ammonium despite the high ambient nitrate concentrations. Along with ammonium concentrations as high as 3.6 µmol l–1, this strongly suggests that nitrate uptake in the inshore SBUS, and by extension carbon drawdown, is inhibited by ammonium, at least in winter, although this has also been hypothesised for the summer.  相似文献   
6.
卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.  相似文献   
7.
张衡  李骁  叶朋飞 《测绘通报》2020,(1):102-106
使用无人机实施测绘航空摄影时,由于无人机相对航高较低,地面起伏会对无人机影像的分辨率、覆盖范围、重叠度造成较大的影响,影像成果会出现分辨率不足、重叠度不够、覆盖漏洞等缺陷。针对这一情况,本文提出了一种利用数字微分正解法的计算方法,借助DEM准确计算每张影像的覆盖范围,并使用FME软件高效生成全部影像的覆盖范围。经过实际使用,验证了该方法可以在航线设计阶段准确预测并分析全部影像的覆盖范围、重叠度,因此可及时发现设计问题并调整航线。该方法可以有效减少因地形起伏造成的影像覆盖缺陷,减少返工现象,从整体上提高了作业效率。  相似文献   
8.
通过建立正演冻土模型,验证了将高密度电阻率法应用于冻土监测的可行性。对高密度电阻率法装置进行特殊处理,将其应用于对季节性冻土的监测,并进行了七个月份的连续监测。结果表明:高密度电阻率法在季节性冻土监测中可行;通过对实测数据进行反演处理,得到电阻率反演剖面,可以看出表层土壤在季节变化中有明显的结冻、解冻行为;并可估算出冬季冻土深度范围。  相似文献   
9.
强震临震微波动现象初步研究(二)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了验证和检验强震临震微波动现象及其主要特征,利用甘、青、川、滇、藏等区域台网200余个宽频带数字地震台站的波形资料,建立了实时监控技术系统。通过对2012~2014年间青藏块体发生的24次5级以上地震及部分无震区域台站观测的全程实时跟踪、动态监控,检验和验证了临震微波动现象的重现性和客观性,验证了临震微波动现象的频谱、时间、空间、方向性等特征,进一步得出了临震微波动现象可能与地震强度有关,且震级越大,震前出现持续临震微波动的可能性越大的结论。  相似文献   
10.
利用同步测试标准地震数据采集器标定电流的地震计线性误差测试方法,避免了标定信号输出电流波动对地震计线性误差测试的影响,按DB/T 21—2007规定的方法进行数据处理,并判定结果是否符合DB/T 22—2007的要求。实际测试表明,该方法测试精度可以达到0.000 5%,满足测试线性偏差小于0.01%的需要,且操作简单,无额外设备要求,可行性高,可在固定地震台站、野外等条件下使用,具有较大的应用价值。  相似文献   
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