近30年长江下游升金湖湿地不同季节景观生态风险时空分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱娴飞  陆雨婷  吴鹏海  马晓双  周立志 《湖泊科学》2020,32(3):813-825

以安徽省升金湖湿地为研究对象,使用1989年、1996年、2003年、2010年和2017年四季Landsat系列遥感数据,构建景观生态风险评价模型,计算不同季节景观生态风险指数,分析风险空间分布及其变化特征,并使用Pearson相关系数分析季节间、季节与年度间景观生态风险相关性.结果显示:(1)不同季节景观生态风险指数有显著差异,生态风险从高到低依次为夏季、冬季、秋季和春季,夏、冬季风险指数平均高出春、秋季37.03%.(2) 1989—2017年升金湖湿地景观生态风险指数明显增加,湖区内泥滩、草滩等重要景观类型极易受人类活动影响,逐渐由中风险、较高风险区转变成较高风险、高风险区,且人造表面与草滩面积与较高风险和高风险区面积呈现出一定的协同变化特征.总体上,升金湖湿地以较低景观生态风险和中景观生态风险为主,较高景观生态风险与高景观生态风险主要位于上、下湖区.(3)季节间景观生态风险相关性最高的为秋季与冬季;年度生态风险与冬季生态风险高度相关.因此,近30年升金湖不同季节湿地景观生态风险时空演变趋势体现了该湿地景观格局变化对景观生态系统干扰的压力响应,且秋季与冬季湖区湿地需引起高度重视.  相似文献   

光压模型对GPS精密单点定位的影响     

祝会忠  朱爽  唐龙江 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(9):910-913

利用全球120个跟踪站2019年doy110~139观测数据进行GPS精密定轨;然后采用ECOM1、ECOM1+BW、ECOM1+ABW等3种光压模型,使用7个未参与定轨的测站进行PPP实验。结果表明,ECOM1+ABW组合模型轨道精度最高,非地影期三维轨道精度优于4 cm;对于静态PPP,收敛后水平方向精度优于0.8 cm,垂直方向精度优于1.2 cm;对于动态PPP,收敛时间在30 min左右,收敛后水平方向精度优于1.4 cm,垂直方向精度优于2.0 cm。  相似文献   

On seasonal approach to flood frequency modelling. Part II: flood frequency analysis of Polish rivers     

K. Kochanek  W. G. Strupczewski  E. Bogdanowicz 《水文研究》2012,26(5):717-730

The annual peak flow series of Polish rivers are mixtures of summer and winter flows. As Part II of a sequence of two papers, practical aspects of applicability of seasonal approach to flood frequency analysis (FFA) of Polish rivers are discussed. Taking A Two‐Component Extreme Value (TCEV1) model as an example it was shown in the first part that regardless of estimation method, the seasonal approach can give profit in terms of upper quantile estimation accuracy that rises with the return period of the quantile and is the greatest for no seasonal variation. In this part, an assessment of annual maxima (AM) versus seasonal maxima (SM) approach to FFA was carried out with respect to seasonal and annual peak flow series of 38 Polish gauging stations. First, the assumption of mutual independence of the seasonal maxima has been tested. The smoothness of SM and AM empirical probability distribution functions was analysed and compared. The TCEV1 model with seasonally estimated parameters was found to be not appropriate for most Polish data as it considerably underrates the skewness of AM distributions and upper quantile values as well. Consequently, the discrepancies between the SM and AM estimates of TCEV1 are observed. Taking SM and TCEV1 distribution, the dominating season in AM series was confronted with predominant season for extreme floods. The key argument for presumptive superiority of SM approach that SM samples are more statistically homogeneous than AM samples has not been confirmed by the data. An analysis of fitness to SM and AM of Polish datasets made for seven distributions pointed to Pearson (3) distribution as the best for AM and Summer Maxima, whereas it was impossible to select a single best model for winter samples. In the multi‐model approach to FFA, the tree functions, i.e., Pe(3), CD3 and LN3, should be involved for both SM and AM. As the case study, Warsaw gauge on the Vistula River was selected. While most of AM elements are here from winter season, the prevailing majority of extreme annual floods are the summer maxima. The upper quantile estimates got by means of classical annual and two‐season methods happen to be fairly close; what's more they are nearly equal to the quantiles calculated just for the season of dominating extreme floods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

江苏省四季变化的分析   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

张静  吕军  项瑛  肖卉 《气象科学》2008,28(5):568-572

在全球气候变暖的背景下,近些年江苏省气温明显升高,使得江苏省四季的起止时间和长度发生了明显的改变.本文通过分析多种季节划分方法,根据江苏省的气温分布特点,定义了适用于江苏省的四季划分方法.通过分析四季的变化,结果显示:(1)江苏省四季分明,且南北有明显的差别,就全省常年平均而言,冬季最长,其次是夏季,秋季和春季长度很相近,秋季略短.(2)过去几十年里,江苏省各地区各季节的长度和起止时间都发生了明显的变化,特别是自21世纪以来,这种变化速度明显加快,最主要的变化特点为:春季发生的时段向前移了近10d;夏季明显变长,开始时间提前,结束时间推后;秋季的发生时段整体向后移;冬季明显缩短,特别是结束时间提前.  相似文献   

Differential reproductive strategies of two bivalves in the Dutch Wadden Sea     

Joana F.M.F. Cardoso  Johannes IJ. Witte  Henk W. van der Veer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Cerastoderma edule and Mya arenaria are two common bivalve species in European waters. Longevity and maximum size are much greater in the latter species. Because comparison of species life-history strategies states that a long life span (i.e. high annual survival) generally goes with lower fecundity, we hypothesise that reproductive output would be lower in M. arenaria than in C. edule. In the present paper, we studied the reproductive strategies of these two species in an intertidal and a subtidal area of the western Dutch Wadden Sea, by following seasonal changes in absolute and relative weights of somatic and gonadal tissues in these bivalves. Starting of spawning was similar in the two species, around May, except for intertidal M. arenaria, which initiated spawning in August. Individual energy investment in reproduction was similar for the two species but, unlike M. arenaria, C. edule spawned completely, releasing all energy of gonadal mass in the form of gametes. Mya arenaria used the gonad not only for reproduction but also for storage. In the intertidal area, we found a trade-off between longevity and reproduction, i.e. maximum reproductive output (expressed as a proportion of body mass) was higher in C. edule than in M. arenaria. However, since body size is larger and life span longer in M. arenaria than in C. edule, mean lifetime reproductive output per individual must be higher in the first than in the latter. Based on the differences in reproductive strategies of these two species, we hypothesise that the negative effects of warming climate on bivalve population dynamics in the Wadden Sea will be stronger in C. edule than in M. arenaria.  相似文献   

低纬高原气候季节变化特征研究——以云南昆明大理为例          下载免费PDF全文

解明恩  姚愚  段玮  彭启洋 《热带气象学报》2023,(2):171-182

依据《气候季节划分》标准,选取我国低纬高原地区2个典型旅游城市——昆明和大理,进行了气候季节平均态,季节开始日期及长度变化,春分、夏至、秋分、冬至节气气温演变分析。（1） 昆明、大理是高原“无夏区”,一年仅有春、秋、冬三季,属“春秋型”城市,春、秋季为295 d和290 d,占全年的80.8%和79.5%。（2） 随着气候变暖,昆明、大理春、秋、冬三季比例发生了改变,春、秋季增加,冬季缩短,昆明变化幅度强于大理。（3） 昆明、大理春季始于2月9日和2月10日,春季长度为117 d和123 d;秋季始于6月7日和6月13日,秋季长度为178 d和167 d;冬季始于12月1日和11月27日,冬季长度为70 d和76 d;昆明、大理“春常在、秋长驻、冬短暂”特征显著。（4） 近60年来,昆明、大理春季开始日呈提早趋势,秋季开始日呈稍推迟趋势,冬季开始日呈推迟趋势;昆明、大理春季长度增加;昆明秋季长度略增加,大理秋季长度略减少;昆明、大理冬季长度减少。（5） 昆明、大理春分节令日气温阀值为14.8 ℃和14.2 ℃,夏至为20.3 ℃和20.5 ℃,秋分为17.4 ℃和17.5 ℃,冬至均为7.9 ℃;与我国东部季风区的北京和上海相比,昆明、大理在春分、夏至、秋分、冬至四个节令上具有“春暖、夏凉、秋爽、冬暖”特征;近60年来,四个节令日气温年际变化呈升高趋势,尤以春分、秋分增暖显著。  相似文献   

黄河小北干流汛期和非汛期冲淤过程模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邵文伟  吴保生  王彦君  章若茵 《地理学报》2018,73(5):880-892

滞后性是河流系统自动调整的重要特征之一。根据河道演变的滞后响应机制,在考虑上游来水来沙和下游侵蚀基准面（潼关高程）共同影响的基础上,建立了能够模拟河道汛期和非汛期冲淤过程的滞后响应模型,并采用黄河小北干流1960-2015年的冲淤资料进行参数率定（1960-2001年）和模型验证（2002-2015年）。结果表明该模型能较好地模拟小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程。汛期和非汛期累计冲淤量的模拟效果优于单个冲淤量;累计冲淤量和单个冲淤量的模拟效果汛期要优于非汛期。三门峡水库修建后,1960-2015年间小北干流汛期和非汛期的冲淤过程表现出时段差异。根据建立的滞后响应模型,本文分析了来水来沙和潼关高程对小北干流汛期和非汛期各个特征时段冲淤的贡献率,汛期和非汛期的第一时段（1960-1970年,1960-1968年）主要受到潼关高程的影响,但是后续时段主要受到来水来沙的影响。  相似文献   

Seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton pigment in the Laccadive (Lakshadweep) Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color scanner     

Lisa Jade Lierheimer  Karl Banse 《Journal of Earth System Science》2002,111(2):163-185

Based on Coastal Zone Color Scanner data from November 1978 through December 1981, the seasonal cycle of phytoplankton pigment in the upper part of the euphotic zone is established for the offshore Laccadive Sea. Year-round, the pigment content is low and the seasonal range is small, following the pattern of the nutrient-poor Arabian Sea to the west. Apparently, indigenous phytoplankton blooms are absent. July and August, however, were poorly studied because of cloud cover. Interannual differences during the northeast monsoon and the spring intermonsoon periods are minor. The abundant phytoplankton caused by the upwelling off India during the southwest monsoon remains essentially restricted to the shelf, but there are occasional large, zonal outbreaks into the Laccadive Sea, as well as others advected to the south of India. Visual inspection of the raw CZCS scenes for June through November 1982–1985, with almost no data until August or even September, shows such outbreaks of pigment-rich water to be common. Inspection of monthly SeaWiFS images for 1997 through part of 2001 confirms the absence of indigenous phytoplankton blooms.  相似文献   

东亚大气环流的低频振荡及与韵律的关系   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

张庆云  陈烈庭 《大气科学》1992,16(3):333-338

本文根据北半球500hPa高度场30年(1951—1980)平均的逐候格点资料,对气候平均的东亚各主要大气环流系统的年内变化进行了谐波分析和天气学分析.结果表明,东亚大气环流系统存在着三种主要的大气低频波:年波、半年波和30—50天的季内波;中、高纬度的大气环流以年波振荡为主,低纬度的大气环流以半年波振荡为主;30—50天的季内波是北半球各纬度上都存在的一种波,但它对总方差的贡献在低纬比中、高纬度大.此外,还讨论了年波和半年波这两种大气低频波与我国长期预报中常用的各种韵律指标特别是隔季相关现象的关系.  相似文献   

中国雨季的一种客观定量划分   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄琰  张人禾  龚志强  冯爱霞 《气象学报》2014,72(6):1186-1204

从客观分析角度出发,利用有序样本最优分割法对中国610个台站的气候平均（1961—2010年）候降水序列进行有序分割,给出中国不同区域的雨季定量划分。根据中国13个区域候降水量的气候平均值分布特征,并基于有序样本最优分割法的划分结果需同时满足分割段内波动小、段间差异大的要求,确定了各区域的合理分割数,通过制定3种雨季划分方案,对中国区域雨季进行了细致的定量划分。第1种方案将全年降水划分为雨季和旱季,结果表明,雨、旱两季差异明显的地区出现在华南西部沿海和新疆邻近区域;第2种方案将全年降水划分为雨季相对干期、雨季相对湿期和旱季3个降水阶段,这种特征出现的区域为华南大部分地区、江南地区、长江中下游地区、西南地区东部和南部,以及西北地区中东部;第3种方案将全年降水划分为春雨季、主雨季、秋雨季和旱季,出现这种特征的区域为长三角及淮河流域、黄淮和华北地区、东北地区、西北地区中部、内蒙古地区西部、青藏高原中东部及其以东地区。与已有的中国不同区域降水特征研究结果的比较表明,有序样本最优分割法不仅对中国雨季的划分客观有效,且其划分结果合理并具有明确的气象意义。  相似文献