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研究城市雨洪风险问题，对提高城市洪涝灾害监测、预报的准确性，以及促进城市防洪决策制定具有重要的意义。鉴于高精度的城市三维模型可以提供丰富地理信息，便于准确分析淹没情况，本文针对当前城市洪涝模型对地形数据的高敏感性，且雨洪风险评估研究的准确性受限于地形数据精度的问题，提出利用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术重建高精度实景三维模型，并结合GIS的空间分析功能，以淹没深度为关键指标进行研究区的雨洪风险评估。通过提取不同重现期下研究区的淹没深度信息，进行可视化渲染实现三维淹没分析，可以直观地看到研究区的淹没情况，作为暴雨内涝风险管理依据，同时对城市规划布局有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Numerical prediction of performance of submerged breakwaters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The results of a numerical model study on the transmission characteristics of a submerged breakwater are presented. Study aimed to determine the effect of depth of submergence, crest width, initial wave conditions and material properties on the transmission characteristics of the submerged breakwater. The results highlight the optimum crest width of the breakwater and optimum clear spacing between two breakwaters. A submerged permeable breakwater with ds/d=0.5, p=0.3 and f=1.0, reduces the transmission coefficient by about 10% than the impermeable breakwater. The results indicates an optimum width ratio of B/d=0.75 for achieving minimum transmission. By restricting the effective width ratio of the series of breakwaters to 0.75, studies were conducted to determine the effect of clear spacing between breakwaters on transmission coefficient, suggesting an optimum clear spacing of w/b=2.00 to obtain Kt below 0.6. 相似文献
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Omran E. Frihy 《Natural Hazards》1984,5(1):65-81
Studies of the Nile Delta coast have indicated wide values of local subsidence, ranging from 0.4 to 5 mm/yr. Trend analysis of sea-level rise and shoreline retreat at two Nile Delta promontories have been studied. Records from tide gauges at Alexandria (1944–1989) and Port Said (1926–1987), north of the Nile delta coast, indicate a submergence of the land and/or a rise of the sea-level of 2 and 2.4 mm/yr, respectively.Dramatic erosion has occurred on some beaches of the Nile Delta. This is greatest at the tips of the Rosetta and Damietta promontories, with shoreline retreat up to 58 m/yr. Relationship between the shoreline retreat and sea level trends in terms of correlation analysis and application of the Bruun Rule indicates that the sea level rise has, by itself, a relatively minor effect on coastal erosion. The sea-level trend at the Nile delta coast is found to be only one of several effects on shoreline retreat. Major recent effects include a combination of cut-off of sediment supply to the coast by damming the River Nile and local hydrodynamic forces of waves and currents. Estimates of local future sea-level rise by the year 2100 at Alexandria and Port Said, respectively, is expected to be 37.9 and 44.2 cm. These expectations, combined with other factors, could accelerate coastal erosion, inundate wetlands and lowlands, and increase the salinity of lakes and aquifers. 相似文献
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结合水动力学原理在尼尔基水利枢纽·右岸副坝下游浸没研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用结合水动力学原理，采用野外调查和室内试验研究相结合、宏观 观研究和粘土微观研究相结合的方法，对粘土层的渗流特征进行了专门研究，确定粘土起始比降I0值，以确定测压水位与粘土不带水位、毛细力与毛管水上升高度之间的关系。在三维渗流电网络计算的基础上，进一步进行了粘土层内含水带的埋深计算，并重新选定毛管水上升高度值和浸没临界深度。研究结果表明，副坝下游浸没范围和程度大大减轻，只要进行适当的工程处理，下游浸没影响当可消除，建筑物安全也是有保证的。 相似文献
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关于海平面上升及其环境效应 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
沿海地区地质环境复杂。由于国民经济的迅速发展,人类活动日益增多,对地质环境进一步造成严重的不利影响。特别是“温室效应”引发的海平面上升,使各种地质灾害更加激化。文章详细探讨了海平面上升的影响因素,理论海平面与相对海平面升降幅度的评估,以及海平面上升所造成的地质环境效应与相应的防治对策,特别强调控制沿海城市地面沉降,以减轻海平面相对上升造成的危害,具有特殊而重要的意义。 相似文献
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为保证抽油泵正常工作 ,达到抽井机井供采协调、高产稳产、节能降耗的目的 ,从最大产量、最高经济效益、最小泵效三个方面讨论了葡萄花油田合理沉没度 ,得出该油田单井的合理流压为 2 .5～ 3 .3MPa ,合理沉没度为 30 0～ 35 0m。确定油井工作制度时应该考虑经济效益。合理的沉没度在保证抽油泵正常工作的同时 ,还可以获得最大产量和最高经济效益 相似文献
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The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity
in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himachal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects.
The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss
of biodiversity of the area. Stage III of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream
of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage II. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage
II and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with
Stage II. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly
on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees (23 spp.),
shrubs (22 spp.), herbs (57 spp.) and ferns (2 spp.) were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution,
classification, altitudinal zones, part (s) used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity. DDifferent parts of these
species, such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes,
nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 30 species are native to the Himalayan
region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are
near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographic unit (sensu lato), the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armatum is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species
by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation
and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high
value in the catchment area is suggested. 相似文献
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桶形基础平台海上沉放安装 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
桶形基础平台是世界上一种最新型的海洋平台，可广泛应用于海上油气田开发。为满足我国际油气田开发中卫星平台的结构和功能要求，桶形基础平台采用新的压载沉放方法安装，具有更高的效率和经济性。沉放过程中桶形基础平台受到水流和波浪的作用，结合模型试验对平台运动进行数值模拟分析，以了解在整个沉放过程中相应参数的变化趋势。根据桶形基础平台的特征，制定联台沉放方案，并通过压载实现平台的沉放控制。 相似文献
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VELOCITY FIELD AND RESISTANCE OF FLOW OVER ROUGH SURFACES WITH LARGE AND SMALL RELATIVE SUBMERGENCE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andreas DITTRICH Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany Katinka KOLL Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
LINTRODUCTIONPreciseknowledgeofthevelocityfieldandthecorrespondingresistanceofflowoverrollghsurfacesareofgreatimportanceformanypracticalproblemssuchastheestimationofthestabilitVofbedmaterialinerosiveriversortheremovalofaccumulatedfinesedimentfromthechannelandthelooseningofgravelbedmaterialbycontrolledreleaseofreservoirwater.Thelatterprocedure,calledflushingflows,isfrequentlyspecifiedtorestoreortomaintainaquatichabitat(WILCOCKetal.,1996).Dependingonwaterdepthhandroughnessheightk.(=equiv… 相似文献