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排序方式: 共有1410条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
邵晨晨 《探矿工程》2021,48(6):102-108
上海某国际金融大厦深大基坑项目北侧紧邻运营轨道交通8号线区间隧道,最近处仅7.87 m,南侧与现有世博共同管沟净距2.0~3.0 m,基坑变形控制要求高,周边环境敏感。同时,本项目位于黄浦江畔,场地浅层为典型的淤泥质软土地层,下部为富含承压水粉(砂)土层,且微承压水层与第一、第二承压水层互为连通,止水帷幕无法隔断承压水层,地质条件复杂。设计采用分坑施工、被动区加固、预应力伺服钢支撑系统、抽灌一体化降水方案、超深地下连续墙、跟踪注浆、型钢垫层等技术方案。实测结果表明,区间隧道的最大变形6.52 mm,共同管沟的最大变形15.3 mm,其最大变形均满足变形控制要求,确保了运营区间隧道和共同管沟的安全。  相似文献   
2.
Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.  相似文献   
3.
本文首先提出了河流泥沙输移过程中泥沙中的钙镁矿物溶蚀消耗水体中的CO2并具有碳汇功能的观点。基于前人长江干流从源头到入海口和支流2003~2007年期间4次河流悬移质泥沙的化学元素组成和矿物组成资料,分析悬移质中CaO、MgO含量和方解石、白云石含量变化特征,定量计算了这些取样点悬移质泥沙的CO2总碳汇能力和非永久性、永久性碳汇能力,分析了不同碳汇能力沿程变化规律及其原因。碳汇计算结果表明:寸滩—大通河段1956~2000年期间泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀产生的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量分别为2572万t/a、1700万t/a和872万t/a。由于输沙量减少,寸滩站—大通站河段的总碳汇量、非永久性和永久性碳汇量2006~2019年期间较1956~2000年期间相应分别减少了1852万t、1224万t和872万t。三峡水库年均淤积量1. 145亿t,损失总碳汇量675. 6万t,相当于三峡电站减排二氧化碳8580万t的7. 9%。全球河流入海年输沙量126. 1亿t,以寸滩- 吴淞口河段碳汇功能0. 060 t/t计,总碳汇量7. 57亿t相当于全球岩石风化碳汇总量10. 56亿t CO2的71. 6%。河流泥沙输移过程中钙镁矿物溶蚀的碳汇量具有重要的作用,其溶蚀速率大于原地风化。  相似文献   
4.
顾吉林  汤宏山  刘淼  耿杨  于月  陶涛 《地理科学》2019,39(3):516-523
分别对2015年6~12月和2016年6~12月大连地区的大气污染物PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3的浓度数据进行数据统计分析,基于ENVI软件平台利用MODIS数据反演大连地区的气溶胶光学厚度,通过回归建模研究气溶胶光学厚度与大连地区10个地面监测站点的大气污染物PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3的浓度数据的相关性。回归建模以气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)为自变量,以大气污染物PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3为因变量,在SPSS软件中分别选取线性、对数、三次、乘幂、指数5种函数类型进行研究,通过对比回归模型的拟合优度R2,选择最优拟合模型,探讨利用遥感数据反演气溶胶光学厚度监测大气污染的相关性。结果表明:气溶胶光学厚度与NO2、PM2.5和PM10的最优拟合模型均为三次模型,其拟合优度R2分别是0.685、0.801和0.845;与O3和SO2的最优拟合模型为指数模型,其R2为0.367和0.482;与CO的最优拟合模型为对数模型,其拟合优度R2为0.810。该结果为分析大气气溶胶污染来源以及治理提供了数据。  相似文献   
5.
将农林废弃物通过不同碳化方式制备成水热炭或生物炭,用于土壤改良和环境污染修复,是当前研究和应用的热点领域。由于受到不同自然条件的长期影响,如环境温度变化,水热炭和生物炭会发生老化作用,从而影响其对污染物的吸附能力,因此,评估老化作用对碳化材料吸附能力的影响是一个重要的科学问题。采用高温和冻融循环2种加速老化方式模拟自然界中的温度变化,对稻壳和玉米秸秆水热炭、生物炭进行老化培养,通过元素分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段对老化前后水热炭、生物炭样品的物化性质进行分析,通过批实验对比研究2种新鲜炭材料对Cd(II)及莠去津的吸附能力及吸附稳定性,并研究了30、60、90次老化循环后生物炭和水热炭吸附能力的变化。结果表明,生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津有良好的吸附稳定性,而水热炭对莠去津的吸附稳定性较差。2种老化作用均使水热炭、生物炭表面含氧官能团增加,从而增强了水热炭、生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津的吸附能力。在高温和冻融环境中,随着老化时间的持续,生物炭比水热炭更容易受到环境的影响。研究相关成果对于水热炭和生物炭合理应用于不同环境的污染修复具有试验参考价值。  相似文献   
6.
We analyzed variation of channel–floodplain suspended sediment exchange along a 140 km reach of the lower Amazon River for two decades (1995–2014). Daily sediment fluxes were determined by combining measured and estimated surface sediment concentrations with river–floodplain water exchanges computed with a two‐dimensional hydraulic model. The average annual inflow to the floodplain was 4088 ± 2017 Gg yr?1 and the outflow was 2251 ± 471 Gg yr?1, respectively. Prediction of average sediment accretion rate was twice the estimate from a previous study of this same reach and more than an order of magnitude lower than an estimate from an earlier regional scale study. The amount of water routed through the floodplain, which is sensitive to levee topography and increases exponentially with river discharge, was the main factor controlling the variation in total annual sediment inflow. Besides floodplain routing, the total annual sediment export depended on the increase in sediment concentration in lakes during floodplain drainage. The recent increasing amplitude of the Amazon River annual flood over two decades has caused a substantial shift in water and sediment river–floodplain exchanges. In the second decade (2005–2014), as the frequency of extreme floods increased, annual sediment inflow increased by 81% and net storage increased by 317% in relation to the previous decade (1995–2004). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
7.
Small, steep watersheds are prolific sediment sources from which sediment flux is highly sensitive to climatic changes. Storm intensity and frequency are widely expected to increase during the 21st century, and so assessing the response of small, steep watersheds to extreme rainfall is essential to understanding landscape response to climate change. During record winter rainfall in 2016–2017, the San Lorenzo River, coastal California, had nine flow peaks representing 2–10‐year flood magnitudes. By the third flood, fluvial suspended sediment showed a regime shift to greater and coarser sediment supply, coincident with numerous landslides in the watershed. Even with no singular catastrophic flood, these flows exported more than half as much sediment as had a 100‐year flood 35 years earlier, substantially enlarging the nearshore delta. Annual sediment load in 2017 was an order of magnitude greater than during an average‐rainfall year, and 500‐fold greater than in a recent drought. These anomalous sediment inputs are critical to the coastal littoral system, delivering enough sediment, sometimes over only a few days, to maintain beaches for several years. Future projections of megadroughts punctuated by major atmospheric‐river storm activity suggest that interannual sediment‐yield variations will become more extreme than today in the western USA, with potential consequences for coastal management, ecosystems, and water‐storage capacity. The occurrence of two years with major sediment export over the past 35 years that were not associated with extremes of the El Niño Southern Oscillation or Pacific Decadal Oscillation suggests caution in interpreting climatic signals from marine sedimentary deposits derived from small, steep, coastal watersheds, to avoid misinterpreting the frequencies of those cycles. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   
8.
9.
Managed aquifer recharge is an effective method for utilizing excess flood flows, but clogging of porous media is a limiting factor in the implementation of this water storage technique. In recent years, much research on the physical clogging of porous media during artificial recharge has been conducted. However, the understanding of clogging due to silt‐sized suspended solids (SS) is still inadequate, especially under varying physical conditions. Here, we subjected sand columns to controlled rates of flow and SS suspensions to investigate the influence of media size, SS size, SS concentration, and flow velocity on the clogging of porous media by silt‐sized SS. The results show that the diameter ratio of SS particles to sand grains is the dominant factor influencing the position of physical clogging. As pore velocity increased, the mobility of silt‐sized SS was enhanced and retention in the porous media decreased noticeably. The spatial retention profiles in the porous media were found to vary greatly at different flow velocities. The SS concentration of the infiltrating suspension also dramatically influenced the mobility and deposition of silt‐sized SS particles, such that high concentrations accelerated the clogging process. As the different physical factors changed, the breakthrough curves and retention profiles of silt‐sized SS particles changed obviously and the mechanisms of retention differed. On the whole, clogging position is mainly determined by particle size ratio, but clogging rate is dominated by a variety of factors including particle size ratio, SS concentration, and flow velocity.  相似文献   
10.
牛方曲  杨欣雨  孙东琪 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1109-1116
文章关注于产业、人口与资源环境要素的作用关系,建构了资源环境承载力综合评价框架,并以海南省为案例区开展应用研究。该框架首先对区域产业重要性进行评价并分级,为产业结构调整提供依据;其次解析了区域产业、人口资源消耗与污染排放强度,最后,基于产业评价结果设定不同的产业结构调整情景,结合产业和人口的资源消耗与污染排放强度评价不同产业结构下的资源环境承载力,即产业和人口的规模上限。结果表明:2016年海南省的经济规模并未超载,产业有进一步发展空间。其中土地资源成为海南省发展的首要限制因素,其次是水环境;海南经济效益较高的支柱产业和基础性产业多为高耗水、高污染的产业,亟需加强水资源的集约利用,并降低污染排放强度。为提升经济发展规模上限,需要培育低能耗、低排放的产业。文章建构的资源环境承载力评价方法将产业、人口与资源环境相联系,其评价结果政策意义更为明确,可为优化产业结构调整、控制产业及人口发展规模提供决策参考。  相似文献   
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