掘进工作面前方煤层底板高程动态预测的试验研究     

刘文明  程建远  刘再斌  张泽宇 《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(1):257-262

快速掘进急需构建掘进前方高精度二维地质模型。以沁水煤田某矿区XY-S工作面为例,基于三维地震解释成果,利用巷道掘进过程中煤层底板高程实测信息,动态刷新三维地震平均速度场,更新掘进前方煤层底板高程,最后对掘进前方预测的精度进行统计分析。结果表明:通过不断利用掘进实测煤层底板高程,刷新平均速度场,更新掘进前方煤层底板地质剖面,掘进前方煤层底板剖面与实际揭露剖面之间误差逐渐越小,实测点前方25 m和50 m范围的煤层底板高程最小绝对误差可达0.2 m和0.45 m。若实测点数据密度大、分布均匀,预测精度将会进一步得到提高,可为快速掘进提供高精度煤层底板导航数据。   相似文献   

中国三地软玉的矿物组成和成矿地质背景研究     

韩磊  洪汉烈 《地质科学译丛》2009,(3):6-10

为了查明新疆玛纳斯、青海格尔木、江苏溧阳产软玉的矿物组成和了解其品质与矿物组成的内在联系，为软玉的鉴别与质量评价等提供基础资料，采用偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射等测试方法对3个产地的软玉样品进行了测试分析，从矿物成因特征、结构构造、矿物组成、化学成分等方面进行了对比分析。结果表明，新疆玛纳斯、青海格尔木、江苏溧阳的软玉虽然均由透闪石组成，但其晶体中Mg与Fe的离子数量明显不同，玛纳斯碧玉中的透闪石含有更多的Fe，其化学成分十分接近阳起石的；玛纳斯碧玉的成矿地质背景与格尔木和溧阳的有所差别，形成于蛇纹石化超镁铁岩中，富含FeOT和MgO，而溧阳和格尔木软玉则产于中酸性火成岩与白云质大理岩的接触带中，其FeOT的质量分数较低。软玉的颜色、韧性和透明度主要取决于其形成的地质背景条件。  相似文献   

基于非均匀水体对比度传输方程的海水透明度计算试验          下载免费PDF全文

李妍  陈希  于斌  钟奕飞 《大气科学学报》2014,37(6):767-771

针对均匀水体假设的海水透明度经验计算公式不具有普适性的缺点,将海水在垂直方向上分为若干光学性质相近的均匀层,推导出非均匀水体中目标对比度传输方程,在此基础上,建立了海水透明度的计算模型。利用BROKE_WEST_ACS实测的海水固有光学性质数据和透明度盘观测数据,对计算模型进行了数值试验和效果分析。结果表明:模型计算值与透明度盘实测值平均相对误差为9.1%;该模型既克服了透明度盘测量易受天气状况和人眼差异影响较大的缺点,又突破了均匀水体透明度计算方法的局限性。  相似文献   

Transparency: aid or obstacle to effective defence of vulnerable environments from reservoir construction? Dam decisions and democracy in North East England     

Christine S McCulloch 《Area》2006,38(1):24-33

Public participation in transparent decisionmaking has been proposed as a panacea for environmental protection. Bargaining theory suggests drawbacks to transparency such as hardening of attitudes and intransigence. Yet achievement of consensus on environmental values for integrated water resource management demands public involvement. Historical study of attempts to prevent reservoir construction in upland valleys designated for protection of nature suggests that 'closed-door' bargaining proved more effective for environmentalists than open, public debate. Records now open for analysis of disputes over Teesdale and Farndale, 1950–1970, allow comparisons to be made between behind-the-scenes deliberations and 'open-door' public discussion. The ambition of progressing from public participation to devolution of environmental decisionmaking and responsibility to the local scale demands more conceptualization of the process of decisionmaking on water resource development.  相似文献   

Public participation in monitoring programmes as a tool for lakeshore monitoring: the example of Lake Pyhäjärvi, Karelia, Eastern Finland     

Ritta Niinioja  Anna-Liisa Holopainen  Liisa Lepist  Anita Rm  Jouko Turkka 《Limnologica》2004,34(1-2):154

Lake Pyhäjärvi, on the border between Finland and Russia in Karelia, is a very valuable clear-water lake of the Lobelia type. It belongs to the European Union's Natura 2000 programme in Finland, and has been included in regional and national monitoring programmes since the 1960s. The main monitoring station is situated near the outlet of the lake. Deterioration of its water quality was suspected already in the 1980s because of decreasing Secchi depths (transparency) and increasing chlorophyll a.The occurrence of algal blooms on the lakeshores is monitored weekly during each summer at one site on Lake Pyhäjärvi (site 1). This is a part of nationwide intensive algae monitoring programme organised by the environmental authorities together with voluntary observers at some 270 lake sites in Finland since 1998. Since 1997, Secchi depth observations have been carried out by volunteers biweekly or monthly at 17 sites on the lake. In the vicinity of one of these transparency observation sites (station 100), intensive monitoring of algae has been carried out. At this lakeshore monitoring site 69 algal observations were made, ten of which recorded algal blooms during the study period 1998–2002. The observed algal blooms were caused by algae of the Anabaena species, mainly by Anabaena lemmermannii. At Lake Pyhäjärvi the number of algal bloom observations received from the public have decreased from the 1990s to the 2000s. The range of Secchi disc transparency was 5.0–8.4 m with a mean value of 6.2 m at station 100 and 4.3–7.7 m (mean 6.1 m) at the main monitoring station 2 during the open water periods in 1998–2002. During this study period, the maximum values at site 100 seem to have increased slightly, which might indicate some improvement in the water quality due to decreased point source loading.We conclude that the intensive algal monitoring results of 5 years at the lakeshore site and the transparency results — both compiled by trained volunteers — reflect an improvement in the state of Lake Pyhäjärvi in Karelia. This conclusion is in accordance with the long-term water quality and short-core studies of sedimentary diatoms in Lake Pyhäjärvi. We suggest that the intensive algal observations and transparency measurements are both suitable methods for the monitoring of lakeshores and lakes, and that both are suitable for voluntary monitoring. We found public participation a good tool for monitoring lakes and lakeshores.  相似文献   

Dependence of Atmospheric Transparency Variations on Solar Activity     

V.C. Roldugin  G.V. Starkov 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1998,42(2):137-146

The atmospheric spectral transparency variations at 344 nm and 369 nm, averaged at eight Soviet stations between 69°N and 55°N, have been compared with sunspot numbers, or Wolf numbers (WN). The data were taken for the seasonal interval May-August during the period 1972 – 1989. Good negative correlations –0.76 and –0.82 have been found. The correlation coefficient between aerosol extinction at 344 nm and WN is equal to +0.75. Insignificant correlation is found for the transparency variations at 344 nm for stations situated to the south of latitude 50°. The best correlation with WN for both transparency and aerosol extinction at northern stations occurs for the shift of WN ahead of the optical parameters by 6 months. The connection of transparency with cosmic rays in Apatity is also examined. It displays a sign opposite to that for WN, smaller values of the correlation coefficient, and an improbable shift of transparency ahead of cosmic ray intensity. The relative changes of the transparency during a solar cycle can be evaluated at 10% in the ozone-free UVA region  相似文献   

A framework for making qualities of indicators transparent     

Hauge  Kjellrun Hiis; Olsen  Erik; Heldal  Hilde Elise; Skjoldal  Hein Rune 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):552-557

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用实测海水透明度数据和NOAA卫星数据计算黄海悬浮体含量   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

平仲良 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(1):24-30

用国家海洋局1975—1982年间在黄东海调查的海水透明度数据换算为悬浮体含量,用NOAA卫星高分辨率辐射计数据计算悬浮体含量,以绘制悬浮体含量分布图。分布图显示,研究区有三个悬浮体含量高值区,位于苏北浅滩、长江口、成山角沿岸水域。研究表明,风浪是影响悬浮体含量的海洋外部的主要因素。层化参量是影响悬浮体含量海洋内部的主要因素。  相似文献   

利用Sea WiFS反演海水透明度的模式研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

何贤强  潘德炉  毛志华  朱乾坤 《海洋学报》2004,26(5):55-62

海水透明度是描述海水光学特性的一个基本参数.根据水下光辐射传输理论及对比度传输理论,建立了海水透明度的半分析定量遥感模式.利用大量实测透明度资料对模式进行了验证,结果表明遥感反演透明度与实测透明度的相关系数为0.84,绝对平均误差为4.17m,相对平均误差为22.6%.最后利用建立的模式和Sea WiFS卫星资料制作了我国海域1999年的月平均透明度遥感产品.  相似文献   

大别山区石英质玉分级     

刘瑱  戴慧  张青  蒋小平 《安徽地质》2013,(4):265-268

从颜色、透明度、净度、光泽、质地五个方面对大别山玉进行级别划分,并对其工艺进行评价。将其颜色划分为5个级别,由高到低依次表示为HS1、HS2、HS3、HS4、HS5;透明度划分为4个级别,由高到低依次表示为透明（HT1）、亚透明（HT2）、半透明（HT3）、微透明～不透明（HT4）;净度划分为5个级别,由高到低依次表示为极纯净（HJ1）、纯净（HJ2）、较纯净（HJ3）、尚纯净（HJ4）、不纯净（HJ5）;光泽划分为5个级别,由高到低依次表示为油脂光泽（HG1）、油脂～玻璃光泽（HG2）、玻璃光泽（HG3）、蜡状光泽（HG4）、土状光泽（HG5）;质地划分为5个级别,由高到低依次表示为极细（HD1）、细（HD2）、较细（HD3）、较粗（HD4）、粗（HD5）。  相似文献