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吞噬清除是后生动物大多数凋亡细胞的共同命运。凋亡细胞如果不被有效及时清除,它们就会发生次级的细胞坏死,细胞核膜和细胞核裂解,细胞解体,释放出有毒内容物,导致严重炎症和狼疮样自身免疫疾病的发生。据估计人体内每天有上亿个细胞凋亡而死,但用组化方法只能检测到极少数凋亡细胞,说明人体对凋亡细胞清除效率很高。新近,对凋亡细胞吞噬清除分子机制的研究取得长足进展。本文主要就吞噬信号及其识别、传导和凋亡细胞的吞噬作简要概述。 相似文献
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Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah＇an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow requirement has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Additionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic development have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that： （1） According to the central streams in Yan＇an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m^3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3 （2） Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. （3） From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency. 相似文献
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初探绿色GDP核算方法及实证分析 --以山西省大同市为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
传统GDP未将资源、环境要素纳入国民经济核算体系,不能准确地表现经济发展与资源、环境之间的相互关系。因此用传统GDP衡量一个国家经济发展程度,存在明显不足。绿色GDP是指国家或地区在扣除自然资源及环境污染损耗后新创造的真实国民财富的总量,它能较准确地反映一个国家或地区国民收入水平的状况。文章依据狭义绿色GDP涵义,以山西省大同市为例,结合当地生态资源环境现状,构建资源环境账户虚数指标体系,探讨了绿色GDP的核算方法,并估算了该市2002年的绿色GDP。结果表明：2002年大同市的自然资源损耗为63.86亿元,占GDP的29.29%;环境污染损耗22.18亿元,占GDP的10.18%;绿色GDP为131.33亿元,仅占当年GDP的60.24%,说明该地区经济发展中资源与环境问题十分突出,亟待解决。建议科学、适度、合理地开发利用各类资源,树立市场经济的资源价值观;严格控制污染物排放,加强环境保护治理。 相似文献
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给出带有ｍ－１项断裂项ｎ＋ｍ阶Ｔａｙｌｏｒ定理余项中θ的渐近估计,其估计式为θ＝（ｍ＋ｎ ｎ）＾１／ｍ＋ｏ（ｘ）。利用该估计式将Ｔａｙｌｏｒ定理推广为ｆ（ｘ）＝ｎ－１∑ｋ＝０ｆ＾（ｋ）（０）／ｋ！ｘ＾ｋ＋ｆ（ｎ）（θｎｘ）ｘ＾ｎ／ｎ！＋Ｒｎ,其中余项Ｒｎ＝（１－（１＋ｎ／ｍ＋ｎ）θｍ）ｆ＾（ｍ＋ｎ＋１）／（ｍ＋ｎ＋１）！ｘ＾ｍ＋ｎ＋１。最后举例说明该推广在近似计算中的优越性。 相似文献
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基于802.1x/EAP的WLAN安全认证分析与应用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
目前气象部门内WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network,无线局域网)的应用部署日益广泛,但对其安全接入却没有提出过较为合理的设计与规划,由WLAN引起的安全漏洞给整个信息网络系统带来很大隐患。基于802.1x/EAP(Extensible Authentication Protocol,可扩展验证协议)的安全认证分析,通过比较几种EAP认证方式,优选了安全性较高的EAP-TLS(Transport Layer Security,传输层安全),并详细阐述了EAP-TLS的认证原理与密钥导出机制,分析了其在集中化WLAN架构下的认证过程。结合气象部门业务需求对集中化WLAN的试验环境构建进行了介绍,并对各个组件的功能进行了描述,验证了EAP-TLS认证方式的可行性,结合现有系统现状对基于802.1x/EAP认证的WLAN在气象业务中的应用部署提出了两点需考虑的实际问题,即认证服务器和DHCP服务器的可靠性与可用性。 相似文献
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In this study, we attempt to put forward a conception of landscape ecological niche, enlightened by international scholars on extending the ecological niche theory from spatial niche to functional niche. That is helpful for comprehensively appraising landscape spatial patterns and ecological functions, also, presents a new method for analyzing landscape features from multidimensional aspects. The practice process is demonstrated by taking Yan’an region in northwestern China as a case. Firstly, the indices system including spatial attribute and functional attribute is established for assessing landscape ecological niche. Additionally, two-dimensional figures are drawn for comparing the spatio-temporal features of landscape ecological niche in 1987 and 2000 among the 13 administrative counties. The results show that from 1987 to 2000, towards Yan’an region, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche changes from 1.000 to 1.178 with an obvious increment, and functional attribute value changes from 0.989 to 1.069 with a little increment, both of which enhance the regional landscape ecological niche. Towards each county, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche increases to different extent while functional attribute value changes dissimilarly with an increment or a decrement. 相似文献