下辽河平原景观格局演变与预测分析     

吕乐婷  杨勇  姜俊超  乔皓  白少杰 《地理信息世界》2021,28(5):73-78

以下辽河平原为研究对象,选取1980年、2010年和2018年Landsat TM/ETM+OLI卫星图像进行解译,得到3期土地利用数据,定量分析下辽河平原近40年土地利用时空变化特征.结合地形、交通通达度及限制转化因子采用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型对流域未来土地利用变化情景及景观格局进行了预测.结果表明:1980-2018年水田、林地、草地、沼泽面积均减少,其中水田面积减少量最大,占比减少了8.59％,旱地、水域和城镇的面积均有所上升,旱地的增长面积最大,占比增加了6.19％;水田、林地、水域转入为旱地面积最大,旱地转出为建设用地面积最大;1980-2018年景观格局发生了较大变化,景观的破碎化程度降低,斑块之间的连通度、聚集程度升高,土地利用的集约化程度增大;2018-2040年,下辽河平原建设用地和水田的变化面积最大,城市化过程更加显著,景观的多样性及空间异质性降低,人类对环境的干扰能力变大.  相似文献   

Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest     

Haixia Zhang  Congsheng Fu  Aimin Liao  Can Zhang  Jiufu Liu  Niu Wang  Bin He 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14091

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.  相似文献   

A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces     

Taotao Zhang  Yang Xiao  Dongfang Liang  Hongwu Tang  Junzeng Xu  Saiyu Yuan  Nairu Wang  Bin Luan 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14152

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.  相似文献   

香坊老工业区搬迁改造监测分析     

李晶晶  罗研  张滨 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):182-184,188

利用地理信息技术及遥感监测方法,监测香坊老工业区搬迁改造试点进展情况,主要针对搬迁改造过程中地表覆盖、用地性质、空气质量变化情况,开展综合统计分析,客观评价香坊老工业搬迁改造实施成效。  相似文献   

关中平原城市群植被覆盖的时空特征与影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王治国  白永平  车磊  陈志杰  乔富伟 《干旱区地理》2020,43(4):1041-1050

植被是全球及区域生态系统环境变化的重要指标,也是对人类社会活动有重要贡献的资源之一。为了研究关中平原城市群不同区域植被覆盖变化对自然和人文因子的响应,以划分为三个区域的植被作为研究对象,选取2000—2017年MODIS-NDVI遥感数据,运用趋势分析、探索性空间数据分析与地理探测器等方法,从时序演进与空间分布方面研究了18 a内植被覆盖的演化及分布特征,定量分析影响植被覆盖的主导因子。遥感数据要通过投影转换、拼接、最大值合成等方法进行处理,再运用Python程序进行影像批量裁剪,将遥感数据和气象数据进行分区统计,最后对该处理数据进行讨论研究。结论表明：（1） 研究期内关中平原城市群植被覆盖呈显著上升趋势,NDVI平均值增速为0.077·（10 a）^–1,阶段性变化特征明显,其中2005—2007阶段和2011—2013阶段极显著增加,最大上升速率达到了0.05·a^–1。（2） 空间上总体呈现“南高北低”的分布特征,研究区总体得到改善;高值区主要分布在南部秦岭北坡,受气候因子的影响更大,植被覆盖增加速度缓慢,达到轻度改善水平;低值区聚集在黄土高原边缘地区,植被增加趋势明显;中部关中平原极少部分地区植被覆盖出现了轻度退化或严重退化,以西安市及临近城市最为典型。（3） 热点区主要分布在秦岭山区及关中平原中部地区,冷点区则集中于黄土高原边缘地区,植被覆盖总体以增长为主。热点区格网数量持续增多,2013年达到最大为45.07%;冷点区域数量不断减少,2017年减少到9.82%;次热点区与次冷点区主要分布在中部平原地带及北部地区,由连片分布转化为零散分布,且总量不断减少。（4） 自然因素对植被覆盖的影响最为突出,其中气温和降水为影响植被覆盖的主导因子,决定力q值分别为0.955和0.931,且气温的影响大于降水的影响;人文因子影响力较为显著,GDP因子决定力q值达到0.387。研究可为当地改善植被覆盖环境提供理论依据。  相似文献   

基于PCA-TOPSIS的重庆市县域经济密度综合测度及时空演变          下载免费PDF全文

张彬  谢贤健  杨联安  郭金铭 《干旱区地理》2020,43(2):546-556

经济密度是衡量区域经济发展水平和聚集程度的重要指标之一。以重庆市38个县（区）所辖范围为研究区，建立了人均和地均相结合的综合测度指标体系，采用主成分分析确定指标权重，将PCA TOPSIS评价法运用到经济密度综合测度中，依据测度对象与最优值的相对接近程度，综合测度1997年、2001年、2006年和2013年重庆市县域经济密度，获得各个时间断面经济密度综合指数及其排名。通过利用ArcGIS制图功能绘制重庆市经济密度等级分布图，揭示其空间分异演变规律，利用Moran’s I，LISA和热点分析分别探索了县域经济密度的全局和局部空间自相关及其时空演变规律，并讨论影响经济密度高低的主要因素。通过对县域经济密度的综合测度及时空演变的探究，为实现城市科学定位和制定中长期发展战略提供科学依据。  相似文献   

基于细分行业的安徽省创新型企业集聚研究     

白如山  胡森林  庄良  刘岩  刘恺恺  黄鹏娜 《世界地理研究》2020,29(6):1190-1201

创新型企业作为塑造创新地理格局的重要力量，其区位选择的外部特征及内在机理亟须予以系统化研究。基于对安徽省创新型企业的细分行业与空间建库，采用核密度估计和地理探测器等方法，对细分行业下的创新型企业空间集聚特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：（1）安徽省创新型企业类型以先进制造和自动化为主，并以生物与新医药、新材料、电子信息为辅；（2）创新型企业空间集聚的不均衡特征显著，呈现出“一核一带多节点”的集聚分布特征，且合肥、芜湖是两个重要集聚区；不同细分行业视角下创新型企业的空间分布形态各异，可归纳为点-轴式、极核式、双核式及多核分散式等4种空间组织形态。（3）创新型因子对于创新型企业的空间集聚最为重要，但传统型和政策型因子的重要性仍不容忽视。其中，产业基础、人力资本、创新投入是最核心的因素，但各行业创新型企业的影响因素作用力则表现出一定的异质性。  相似文献   

High-P granulites of the Songshugou area (Qinling Orogen,east-central China): Petrography,phase relations,and U/Pb zircon geochronology     

Thomas Bader  Lifei Zhang  Xiaowei Li  Bin Xia  Leander Franz  Christian de Capitani  Qingyun Li 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(4):421-450

High-pressure (HP) granulites provide telling records of mineral reactions at upper mantle to lower crustal levels and key information on the fate of material in subduction systems. The latter especially applies when they abut eclogite and mantle dunite because such rock associations are crucial for understanding the incompletely known processes at the interface of converging plates. A continental arc, active c. 520–395 Ma ago, formed an enigmatic example of such a rock association in the Songshugou area, Qinling Orogen. To unravel the juxtaposition of the distinct rocks, this study combines petrography, phase equilibria modelling, conventional thermobarometry, and zircon U–Th–Pb–Ti–REE analysis. Two mafic HP granulites, which contain the mineral assemblages garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile–mesoperthite–quartz and garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile, experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ≤1.4 GPa, 860°C and ~1.3 GPa, ≥910°C, respectively. During decompression and cooling, at 489 ± 4 Ma, amphibole lamellae unmixed from a clinopyroxene solid solution and orthopyroxene in part replaced garnet. A felsic HP granulite shows equilibration of garnet, perthite, antiperthite, kyanite, quartz, and rutile at 810–860°C, ~1.2 GPa, sillimanite growth during decompression, and upper amphibolite facies cooling at 510 ± 4 Ma. Though the thermobarometric data are just within the methodological errors, the U/Pb zircon ages imply the HP granulites did not evolve coherently. The HP granulites either represent foundered lower arc crust or originated from subduction erosion because their geochemistry is indistinguishable from that of the hanging-wall plate. Published and new pressure–temperature–time–deformation paths converge at ~710°C, ~0.9 GPa, and ≲470 Ma, implying exhumation tectonics juxtaposed the HP granulites with a mélange of eclogite and mantle dunite at lower crustal levels. This study highlights that lower arc crust can comprise material of diverse evolution.  相似文献   

顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建     

蒋光伟  王斌  王延伟  李康  孙洋洋 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):8-15

基准站受构造运动与非线性因素的影响,如何构建高精度、现势性强的精细区域框架是位置服务与形变分析的的关键.笔者提出顾及基准站坐标动态特性与稳定性的区域框架构建方法.以我国西部与东部某城市的多年连续运行基准站数据为例进行试算比对,试验结果表明:该方法是可行的,较好地顾及了基准站的坐标特性与非线性影响,考虑了基准站的垂直运动规律,可构建高精度的区域基准,可发现区域基准的微动态变化.  相似文献   

典型矿业城市建筑物抗震安全性能调查与分析——以铜陵市为例     

谢瑞杰  管斌  樊冬  徐强  洪阳  汪树理 《华北地震科学》2020,38(1):78-84

针对矿业城市长期矿产资源的开发,产生的一系列矿山地质环境问题,严重影响城市建筑物抗震性能的情况。以铜陵市为例,通过对铜陵市建筑物抗震性能开展全面普查,掌握建筑物抗震基本情况,研究了矿业城市滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、采空塌陷、岩溶塌陷等典型地质灾害对建筑物抗震性能的具体影响,提出加大棚户区改造、开展土地利用防灾适宜性评价、建立地质灾害监控体系等对策建议,对提高矿业城市抗震设防工作有实际意义。  相似文献