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排序方式: 共有195条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Osborne Alfred R. Resio Donald T. Costa Andrea Ponce de León Sonia Chirivì Elisabetta 《Ocean Dynamics》2019,69(2):187-219
Ocean Dynamics - We analyze surface wave data taken in Currituck Sound, North Carolina, during a storm on 4 February 2002. Our focus is on the application of nonlinear Fourier analysis (NLFA)... 相似文献
2.
Assessment of the acid drainage neutralization capacity and the toxic metals lixiviation of tailing from Guanajuato mining district,Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
María Elena García-Arreola Luisa María Flores-Vélez Marcos Loredo-Tovías Alfredo Aguillón-Robles Rubén Alfonso López-Doncel Irene Cano-Rodríguez Sonia Hortensia Soriano-Pérez 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(9):355
In Mexico, many environmental problems are generated by large mining activities taking place in several mining districts. These mining activities produce great quantities of residues; large majorities of these have high sulfur content, which could generate acid drainage due to their interaction with the oxygen in the environment. The study area was located in the Mining District of Guanajuato, Mexico with abandoned tailings generated mainly by the gold and silver production. Two areas, called as Monte de San Nicolás (SN) and Peregrina (P) were selected for this study. The results study shows that there was no risk of production of acid drainage, since these tailings contained high amount of carbonates, which neutralized the generation of acidity and consequently decreased the possibility of leaching of some elements. However, not all elements leach in acid pH, as arsenic bound to oxyhydroxides, which is in a basic environment and its increased release by increasing the pH. 相似文献
3.
Emilio Rodríguez-Caballero José Raúl Román Sonia Chamizo Beatriz Roncero Ramos Yolanda Cantón 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(14):2771-2779
Biological soil crust, or biocrust communities, are the dominating life form in many extreme habitats, such as arid and semiarid badlands, where water scarcity and highly erodible substrates limit vegetation cover. While climate, soil and biotic factors have been described as environmental filters influencing biocrust distribution in such biomes, little is known about the effect of terrain attributes on creating specific microhabitats that promote or restrict biocrust colonization. This study aimed to identify the main terrain attributes controlling biocrust distribution in the driest badland system in Europe, the Tabernas Badlands (SE Spain). To do this, we analysed the influence of different terrain attributes related to landscape stability and microclimate formation on the spatial distribution of lichen and cyanobacteria, using field measurements and topographical information from a LiDAR survey. Our results showed that the spatial distribution of cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts, which are physiologically and morphologically adapted to extreme drought and high UVA radiation, was mostly associated with areas of high potential incoming solar radiation. The exception was bare south-aspect hillslopes with very high sediment transport potential, where bare physically crusted soils were the dominant ground cover. Lichen-dominated biocrusts, in contrast, colonized near the top of north-aspect hillslopes, characterized by low potential incoming solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration, and their cover decreased downstream, as conditions became good enough for vascular plants. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
Rubn Díez Fernndez Ricardo Arenas Sonia Snchez Martínez Irene Novo‐Fernndez Richard Albert 《地学学报》2020,32(4):239-245
Within the Variscan Orogen, Early Devonian and Late Devonian high‐P belts separated by mid‐Devonian ophiolites can be interpreted as having formed in a single subduction zone. Early Devonian convergence nucleated a Laurussia‐dipping subduction zone from an inherited lithospheric neck (peri‐Gondwanan Cambrian back‐arc). Slab‐retreat induced upper plate extension, mantle incursion and lower plate thermal softening, favouring slab‐detachment within the lower plate and diapiric exhumation of deep‐seated rocks through the overlying mantle up to relaminate the upper plate. Upper plate extension produced mid‐Devonian suprasubduction ocean floor spreading (Devonian ophiolites), while further convergence resulted in plate coupling and intraoceanic ophiolite imbrication. Accretion of the remaining Cambrian ocean heralded Late Devonian subduction of inner sections of Gondwana across the same subduction zone and the underthrusting of mainland Gondwana (culmination of NW Iberian allochthonous pile). Oblique convergence favoured lateral plate sliding, and explained the different lateral positions along Gondwana of terranes separated by Palaeozoic ophiolites. 相似文献
5.
6.
Alfredo Gallego Virginia L. Gemini Susana L. Rossi Carlos E. Gómez Gustavo D. Bulus Rossini Sonia E. Korol 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(8):774-780
An indigenous bacterial strain of Delftia sp. capable of degrading 2,4‐dicholorophenol and an indigenous bacterial community that degrades 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) were employed to inoculate continuous down‐flow fixed‐bed reactors. Continuous‐reactors were constructed from PVC employing hollow PVC cylinders as support material. Synthetic wastewater was prepared by dissolving the corresponding chlorophenol in non‐sterile groundwater. Biodegradation was evaluated by spectrophotometry, chloride release, GC, and microbial growth. Detoxification was evaluated by using Daphnia magna as test organism. Delftia sp. was able to remove an average of 95.6% of DCP. Efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was of 88.9%. The indigenous bacterial community that degrades TCP reached an average efficiency of 96.5 and 91.6% in terms of compound and COD removal, respectively. In both cases stoichiometric removal of chloride and detoxification was achieved. When synthetic wastewater feed was cut off for 7 days, both reactors showed a fast recovery after inflow restarting, reaching average outlet concentration values within 36 h. The promising behavior of the microorganisms and the low cost of the reactors tested allow us to suggest their possible application to remediation processes. 相似文献
7.
Alfredo Alberto Muxel Sonia Maria Nobre Gimenez Flaveli Aparecida de Souza Almeida Rení Ventura da Silva Alfaya Antonio Alberto da Silva Alfaya 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(3):289-295
The natural cotton fiber was used to synthesize an anion exchange, containing ZrO2 film on its surface, NCFZC (natural cotton fiber/ZrO2 composite). This anion exchanger was produced by the reaction of the zirconium oxychloride and hydroxyl groups on surface of the natural cotton fiber. The material was used for Cr(VI) ions adsorption studies. Adsorption equilibrium time and optimum pH for Cr(VI) adsorption were found to be 6 h and 4.0, respectively. The Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were used to models adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption capacity of NCFZC was found to be 1.33 mmol/g. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of Cr(VI) on NCFZC obeyed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. 相似文献
8.
Bernhard Krautzer Wilhelm Graiss Giovanni Peratoner Christian Partl Sonia Venerus Brigitte Klug 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(2):547-557
Control of erosion, and all of its after effects, from increased surface drainage and erosion to the formation of karst, is
one of the essential problems when undertaking recultivation following necessary interventions in the sub-alpine and alpine
vegetation stage (high zones). Average slope inclinations of 30–45% in the vicinity of ski runs, and far above in areas of
natural erosion and avalanche zones, make restoration processes with sufficient erosion protection the prerequisite for success.
Only a sufficient vegetation development of more than 70% ground cover stabilises the topsoil in the long term and reduces
soil erosion to an acceptable degree. From 1999 to 2002, an international EU project with the participation of research groups
and private firms from Austria, Italy and Germany was carried out under the direction of the Agricultural Research and Education
Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein (AREC) on five different Alpine sites at altitudes from 1,245 to 2,350 m above sea level. The
aim of the work was the formulation of practice-relevant requirements for recultivation following intervention in high zones,
especially following constructional measures in the vicinity of ski runs and lifts, torrent- and avalanche barriers. In a
statistical comparison, the relationship between restoration techniques, seed mixtures of differing ecological value and vegetation
cover was observed. The influence of application technique on erosion processes after restoration was obvious for the first
two vegetation periods. Only with the additional use of mulch covers could increase surface drainage and noticeable soil loss
be avoided. At high altitudes, the choice of seed mixture, irrespective of whether rapid or slow growing and independent of
the extent of accompanying fertilisation, had no significance in the first two vegetation periods following sowing. In the
following growing seasons, however, higher cover values were obtained with site-specific seed mixtures at three of the five
experimental sites. While few species of the commercial seed mixture showed satisfactory persistency, most of the grasses
and in particular the alpine leguminosae of site-specific seed mixtures increased their share during the observation period.
In the long-term, sufficient protection against erosion is only guaranteed by the use of stable, enduring and ecologically
adapted species. 相似文献
9.
The energy balance over land and oceans: an assessment based on direct observations and CMIP5 climate models 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
10.
Edouard L. Davin Reto St?ckli Eric B. Jaeger Samuel Levis Sonia I. Seneviratne 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(9-10):1889-1907
This study presents an evaluation of a new biosphere-atmosphere Regional Climate Model. COSMO-CLM2 results from the coupling between the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model COSMO-CLM version 4.0 and the Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3.5). In this coupling, CLM3.5 replaces a simpler land surface parameterization (TERRA_ML) used in the standard COSMO-CLM. Compared to TERRA_ML, CLM3.5 comprises a more complete representation of land surface processes including hydrology, biogeophysics, biogeochemistry and vegetation dynamics. Historical climate simulations over Europe with COSMO-CLM and with the new COSMO-CLM2 are evaluated against various data products. The simulated climate is found to be substantially affected by the coupling with CLM3.5, particularly in summer. Radiation fluxes as well as turbulent fluxes at the surface are found to be more realistically represented in COSMO-CLM2. This subsequently leads to improvements of several aspects of the simulated climate (cloud cover, surface temperature and precipitation). We show that a better partitioning of turbulent fluxes is the central factor allowing for the better performances of COSMO-CLM2 over COSMO-CLM. Despite these improvements, some model deficiencies still remain, most notably a substantial underestimation of surface net shortwave radiation. Overall, these results highlight the importance of land surface processes in shaping the European climate and the benefit of using an advanced land surface model for regional climate simulations. 相似文献