Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest     

Haixia Zhang  Congsheng Fu  Aimin Liao  Can Zhang  Jiufu Liu  Niu Wang  Bin He 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14091

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.  相似文献   

A two-layer model for studying 2D dissolved pollutant runoff over impermeable surfaces     

Taotao Zhang  Yang Xiao  Dongfang Liang  Hongwu Tang  Junzeng Xu  Saiyu Yuan  Nairu Wang  Bin Luan 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14152

Dissolved pollutants in stormwater are a main contributor to water pollution in urban environments. However, many existing transport models are semi-empirical and only consider one-dimensional flows, which limit their predictive capacity. Combining the shallow water and the advection–diffusion equations, a two-dimensional physically based model is developed for dissolved pollutant transport by adopting the concept of a ‘control layer’. A series of laboratory experiments has been conducted to validate the proposed model, taking into account the effects of buildings and intermittent rainfalls. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations, which supports the assumption that the depth of the control layer is constant. Based on the validated model, a parametric study is conducted, focusing on the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and transport rate over the depth. The hyetograph, including the intensity, duration and intermittency, of rainfall event has a significant influence on the pollutant transport rates. The depth of the control layer, rainfall intensity, surface roughness and area length are dominant factors that affect the dissolved pollutant transport. Finally, several perspectives of the new pollutant transport model are discussed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the dissolved pollutant transport processes on impermeable surfaces and urban stormwater management.  相似文献   

基于双谱滤波的综合脉冲星时算法研究          下载免费PDF全文

周庆勇  魏子卿  张华  刘思伟  孙鹏飞  张奋  姜坤  刘晓刚  李奎 《天文学报》2021,62(2):19-95

毫秒脉冲星的自转频率非常稳定,提供了一种独立的基于遥远自然天体并能持续数百万乃至数十亿年的时间基准,具有稳定性强、运行时间长、服务范围广等特点.为了减弱毫秒脉冲星计时观测中各种高斯噪声对脉冲星时的影响,研究了一种基于双谱滤波的综合脉冲星时构建算法,处理分析了国际脉冲星计时阵(International Pul-sar Timing Array,IPTA)最新发布的4颗毫秒脉冲星(PSR J0437-4715、J0613-0200、J1713+0747和J1909-3744)的观测数据,分析了不同时间尺度综合脉冲星时的稳定性,并与构成国际原子时(International Atomic Time,TAI)的4家授时单位原子钟稳定性进行了比较.结果表明:双谱滤波算法能够较好地抑制观测噪声,提高综合脉冲星时的稳定性.相比于经典加权算法,综合脉冲星时1 yr、10 yr稳定度从7.77×10^-14、8.56×10^-16分别提高到1.50×10^-14、3.50×10^-16,单脉冲星时稳定性的提升也类似.同时发现,综合脉冲星时稳定性在5 yr及以上时间尺度上优于原子钟稳定性,可用于改善当前原子时的长期稳定性.  相似文献   

辛安煤矿1402工作面临空窄煤柱采掘响应及动态加固     

汪北方  梁冰  刘维  张晶  迟海波  刘亚辉 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):145-153

随着我国煤炭资源去产能整合煤矿的增多，复采工作面临空窄煤柱采动失稳问题日益凸显，已严重制约矿井安全高效生产。为此，针对辛安煤矿复采1402工作面辅运巷道5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性控制的工程难题，运用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法，探究5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性采掘扰动响应特征，提出5号钻场临空窄煤柱动态注浆加固技术方案并开展现场应用和效果检验。研究结果表明:1402工作面辅运巷道掘进对5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性影响较小；在1402工作面回采期间，距5号钻场18~6 m范围，临空窄煤柱集中垂直应力由非对称马鞍形分布逐渐过渡为拱形分布；距5号钻场6 m时，临空窄煤柱承载叠加垂直应力超过煤体强度，塑性区完全贯通，极易破坏失稳；现场采用MP364型注浆材料及专用注浆设备对5号钻场临空窄煤柱前后5 m区域进行加固，动态注浆始终超前工作面10 m，通过深孔窥视和气体监测手段验证临空窄煤柱良好的封堵固化效果，保障了工作面安全回采，为我国整合矿井类似条件下煤柱稳定性控制提供借鉴和参考。移动阅读   相似文献   

基于随机森林模型的农业电子商务浅析——洛川苹果网络销售问题与对策     

张晓涵  马敏飞  杨联安 《地下水》2020,(1):119-122

随着互联网产业的飞速发展,电子商务开始进入农业领域。以电子商务起步较早的"洛川苹果"作为研究对象进行调研。基于随机森林模型的决策树集成算法,对农业网络销售体系整体进行数据分析,模型构建,从问题表象出发挖掘其在不同部分的影响因子,最终基于影响因素解决问题,提出合理化建议:加强农村基础设施建设、健全农村公共服务体系以及完善农村电子商务培训制度等,因地制宜,推进农业电子商务的健康发展。  相似文献   

双座串联大跨度斜拉桥粘滞阻尼器参数分析          下载免费PDF全文

沈文爱  黄鸣柳  朱宏平  何友娣  张强 《世界地震工程》2020,(4):155-162

以双座串联大跨度斜拉桥-珠海洪鹤大桥为背景，根据桥梁自振特性及场地效应，生成了三组人工波，采用纵向+2/3竖向的地震作用组合输入方式，通过非线性时程分析，系统的研究了粘滞阻尼器对双座串联大跨度斜拉桥减震性能的影响。同时为了确定粘滞阻尼器的最优参数，对粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和速度指数α进行了参数敏感性分析。结果表明:设置纵向粘滞阻尼器能够显著减小双座串联斜拉桥的纵向位移响应，减小主梁在串联处发生碰撞的概率，同时改善主塔塔底结构受力情况，具有良好的耗能减震效果。综合考虑安全性、适用性和经济性等方面，最后给出针对洪鹤大桥的最优粘滞阻尼器参数:速度指数α为0.3，阻尼系数C为3 000kN/（m/s）^0.3。  相似文献   

马尔科夫链分析在东海陆架盆地花港组沉积微相分析中的应用     

胡求红  张昌民  侯国伟  朱锐  陈哲 《地质与资源》2020,29(1):7-20

通过对东海陆架盆地某凹陷取心井岩心仔细观察和描述，采用双属性划分标准，在研究区花港组岩心中识别出了28种岩石相类型.其中砾岩相5种，砂岩相15种，细粒岩相8种.针对22口取心井岩心详细划分沉积微相和岩石相，共取得2227个岩石相数据.针对研究区发育的湖泊、三角洲、河流3种沉积体系，运用马尔科夫链分析不同沉积微相类型中岩石相沉积序列模式，建立了不同沉积微相类型可能的岩石相组合规律及岩石相定量组合概率，为后期研究相同或相似类型的沉积相提供地质知识库，并为沉积相的识别提供定量的基础.  相似文献   

Archaea,the tree of life,and cellular evolution in eukaryotes     

Jing XIAO  Lu FAN  Dingfeng WU  Yanbing XU  Dengxun LAI  William F.MARTIN  Ruixin ZHU  Chuanlun ZHANG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(3)

The early history of life harbours many unresolved evolutionary questions, none more important than the genomic origin and cellular evolution of eukaryotes. An issue central to eukaryote origin concerns the position of eukaryotes in the tree of life and the relationship of the host lineage that acquired the mitochondrion some two billion years ago to lineages of modern-day archaea. Recent analyses indicate that the host lineage branches within the Archaea, prompting the search for novel archaeal lineages that can improve our understanding of the cellular evolution of eukaryotes. Here we give a brief review of the studies on Archaea, the tree of life and the cellular evolution of eukaryotes, which is followed by an overview of recent progress fueled by new genomic technologies and recent status of archaeal research in China. Future directions for the study of early evolution are considered.  相似文献   

以PAC为原料合成锂吸附剂的工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

张文丁  邓小川  朱朝梁  樊发英  张毅  樊洁  史一飞  卿彬菊 《盐湖研究》2019,27(4):55-61

研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)为原料合成锂吸附剂的基本工艺路线,并探究了加料方式、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间和加料速度等对所合成吸附剂吸附量的影响,研究结果表明配比是影响吸附剂吸附量的最主要因素,得到了最佳合成条件,在此条件下所合成吸附剂对锂离子的吸附容量为6.1 mg/g。推断吸附剂的主要成分为晶态或非晶态的LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O,同时含有Al(OH)_3、(CaO)_3Al_2O_3·6H_2O及LiCl·H_2O等成分。从吸附结果来看,结晶度较差的片状LiCl·2Al(OH)_3·nH_2O和非晶态的Al(OH)_3为主成分的吸附剂吸附性能最好。  相似文献   

米氏凯伦藻细胞表面膜蛋白质组及其对温度变化的响应研究     

王坤  王沛  张浩  张树峰  王大志 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):652-663

米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)近年在我国福建、浙江和广东沿海经常形成赤潮,其赤潮不仅影响到海洋生态系统的稳定,也严重威胁到水产养殖以及人类生命健康安全。本论文以米氏凯伦藻为研究对象,建立了米氏凯伦藻细胞表面膜蛋白质荧光标记技术和细胞膜蛋白质提取方法,运用荧光差异凝胶电泳技术(2-DDIGE)对膜蛋白质进行了分析,并研究了米氏凯伦藻的膜蛋白质组及其对环境温度变动的响应。实验共鉴定到44个细胞表面膜蛋白,其中有效注释27个,主要为转运蛋白、HSP70蛋白家族和捕光蛋白等。米氏凯伦藻在20°C条件下的细胞生长和光合作用要明显好于16°C和12°C,但16°C和12°C条件下的差别不大,表明低温限制了米氏凯伦藻的生长。当米氏凯伦藻从12°C快速转移至16°C和20°C时,藻细胞密度和光合作用效率短时间迅速降低,但细胞很快即适应温度变化。细胞膜上的转运蛋白和光合作用蛋白在其适应温度变化中起着重要作用。  相似文献