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The pre-hospital emergency staff played a key role in transferring the injured patients to health centers. Usually, they reported changes in their decisions on the transfer of non-traumatic patients to hospitals. So, this study was aimed to explore the reasons for unnecessarily requesting an ambulance by non-traumatic patients after the acute responding-to-earthquake phase. This study was a qualitative study that data were analyzed by content analysis approach. Participants were eleven pre-hospital emergency technicians. Data were collected by three sessions of focus group discussion. Data analysis was led to emergence of a main theme: “feeling urgency due to turmoil and uncertainty.” This theme illustrates the basic approach of the inhabitants of the earthquake-stricken region when unnecessarily requesting an ambulance. This theme was derived from two main categories of “turbulent and uncertain conditions” and “psychological turmoil.” The category of “turbulent and uncertain conditions” was comprised of three subcategories: “unreliable care,” “inadequate facilities” and “turbulent living conditions.” The category of “psychological turmoil” was comprised of three subcategories: “psychological turmoil in survivors,” “healthcare providers deciding under pressure” and “turmoil in providing psychological and psychiatric services.” Ambulance dispatch may be unnecessarily performed owing to turbulent and unsure conditions and psychological turmoil in earthquake-stricken people and pre-hospital emergency staff. Providing earthquake-stricken people with psycho-medical services in their place of residence can significantly reduce the workload of pre-hospital emergency staff and consequently that of hospital staff and therefore save time and treatment costs and increase the quality of health services provided for the injured.
相似文献2.
Natural Hazards - In this study, new hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) models were used for predicting the groundwater resource index. The salp swarm algorithm (SSA), particle swarm... 相似文献
3.
Investigating effects of land use change scenarios on soil erosion using CLUE-s and RUSLE models 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Zare A. A. Nazari Samani M. Mohammady H. Salmani J. Bazrafshan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(9):1905-1918
Predicting soil erosion change is an important strategy in watershed management. The objective of this research was to evaluate land use change effects on soil erosion in the north of Iran using five land use scenarios. Three land use maps were created for a period of 25 years (1986–2010) to investigate land use transition and to simulate land use for the year 2030. Additionally, the RUSLE model was used to estimate erosion and the effect of land use change. The results showed that CLUE-s is suitable for modeling future land use transition using ROC curve. The median soil loss in the basis period was 104.52 t ha?1 years?1. Results indicate that the range of soil loss change is 2–32% in simulated period and soil loss value was higher than basis period in all scenarios. Thirty percent decrease in demand scenario has the lowest soil loss in simulated period, and the soil loss value under this scenario will be only 2% more than the basis period. Thus, the soil conversion effects resulted from the demand of each land use. 相似文献
4.
M. Fakharifar M. K. Sharbatdar Z. Lin A. Dalvand A. Sivandi-Pour G. Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(1):59-73
This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints. 相似文献
5.
Koohbanani Hamidreza Yazdani Mohammadreza Hosseini Sayyed Keivan 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(1):785-798
Natural Hazards - Due to excessive harvesting of underground water resources in many important aquifers inside Iran, ground subsidence is occurring at different speeds. In present study, InSAR... 相似文献
6.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(8):1133-1147
The problem of modeling of real parageneses has been solved by minimization of Gibbs thermodynamic potential for metapelites of the Okhotsk granulite complex. Model mineral assemblages completely reproduce the composition of minerals and their modal contents in the studied rocks. This fundamental fact directly verifies the solution of the problem, proving the validity of the principle of local equilibrium in the studied assemblages and the agreement of all thermodynamic data accepted on the modeling. The pressure and temperature during the metamorphism of granulites of the Okhotsk complex, estimated by modeling, are 5.2–7.0 kbar and 620–770 °C, which corresponds to the near-boundary conditions of the amphibolitic and granulitic facies. Model mineral assemblages similar to real parageneses in the composition of minerals and their modes can be successfully obtained with the Selektor software under conditions of both inert and moving water. The composition of the external metamorphic fluid and the approximate weight ratio of fluid to rock have been determined. The oxidation potential of this fluid is similar to the potential of oxygen at the buffer C–CO–CO2 if the fluid/rock ratio is 0.03–0.30 and the low partial pressure of water varies from 1.80 to 0.35 kbar. The Okhotsk metamorphic complex is not an analog of the granulites of the southern Aldan Shield, because considerably higher pressure and temperature are typical of the latter. 相似文献
7.
Hossein Basser Shahaboddin Shamshirband Dalibor Petković Hojat Karami Shatirah Akib Afshin Jahangirzadeh 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(3):1439-1449
This study proposes a new approach for determining the optimum dimensions of a protective spur dike to mitigate the amount of scour around existing spur dikes. Several parameters of a protective spur dike were studied to determine their optimum values, including length, angle, and distance. Also the effect of changes of flow intensity and sediment size were examined. The main objective of this article was to predict the optimum values of protective spur dikes to attain the best performance. To predict the parameters of protective spur dikes for controlling the scour around spur dikes, we used the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system method to construct a process that simulates the optimal parameters of a protective spur dike, including the actual length of the protective spur dike, the actual length of the main spur dikes, the distance between the protective spur dike and the first spur dike, the angle between the protective spur dike and the direction of flow, the intensity of the flow, and median size of the bed sediments. This intelligent estimator was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink, and the performances were investigated. The simulation results presented in this paper show the effectiveness of the developed method. 相似文献
8.
Vahid Karkehabadi Hamidreza Zarei Ali Uromeihy Hamidreza Karkehabadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(5):1353-1362
Nowadays, the world is witnessing the ever increasing need of Tunnel excavation due to their unique features and the kind of human applied plans. This has led to increase in demand of excavating this engineering factor. Tunnel excavation process faces a lot of challenges due to environmental and technological complexities which causes the economic evaluation and investigation of this project to be difficult. It is tried to develop the proposed model with regard to efficiency concept in order to evaluate and investigate the efficiency of relative economic performance of Tunnel excavation projects and turn to its modeling and implementing by data envelopment analysis and Fuzzy DEMATEL techniques. The results in Iran showed that the proposed model can turn to investigation and evaluation of economic efficiency of Tunnel excavation by considering two optimistic (ideal) and pessimistic perspectives such that the Tunnel excavation process of “Karaj water transition” and “Cheshmelangan water transition” among 12 rock Tunnel excavation projects of Iran in the time period of 1998–2013 were respectively introduced as the most efficient and the most inefficient rock Tunnel excavation projects. 相似文献
9.
Mohammady Majid Moradi Hamid Reza Zeinivand Hossein Temme A.J.A.M. Yazdani Mohammad Reza Pourghasemi Hamid Reza 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):459-471
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - Land use change is an important determinant of hydrological processes and is known to affect hydrological parameters such as runoff volume, flood frequency,... 相似文献
10.
INTRODUCTIONThe distribution of remaining oil is often de-scribed qualitatively .The remaining oil distributedinthe whole reservoir is calculated according to thecharacteristics of the space distribution of the satura-tion of remaining oil . Logging data are required toaccomplish this . However , many such projects can-not be completed.This method of studyingremainingoil distribution cannot be quantified efficiently and isunable to provide an effective quantitative forecast ofthe distribu… 相似文献