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Yundong Huang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(4):507-516
When insufficient data are available for measuring operational risk faced by a financial institute, most of the models depending
on the probability theory are failure. Differing from that we use a probability distribution to depict random uncertainty,
in this paper we use a number to represent the naive uncertainty in a phase serving for operational risk identification. The
simplest form of the naive uncertainty model for measuring operational risk with multiple phases is the weighted mean with
the uncertainties. It is also valid when we have a rough judgment for the uncertainties with intervals or fuzzy values. In
this paper, we give a calculation case in lending operational risk to demonstrate the model validity. 相似文献
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增强型地热系统环境地质影响现状研究与对策建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
增强型地热系统（EGS）是目前地热资源开发利用的前沿热点，其发电几乎不受外界环境影响，且几乎不对人类环境产生污染和破坏，因而备受关注。近年来学者们发现EGS开发过程中，热储改造注水运行可导致大量的微震事件出现，少数EGS工程的注水过程与当地3级以上地震明显相关，需要密切关注。文章对增强型地热系统的原理、技术以及开发利用现状进行介绍，并对国内外主要的EGS相关环境影响事件进行了整理分析，在此基础上，总结了目前的EGS环境影响研究进展，提出了下一步可以采取的措施，可以为国内EGS工程选址及开发提供有效借鉴。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This activity was not officially declared an industry in Bangladesh until 2006, even though the country is one of the biggest ship-breakers in the world. This industry has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, at the cost of environmental degradation and severe labour exploitation. Despite environmental and human rights violations, the shipbreaking industry represents a vital source of income for the country and a livelihood for a significant portion of its population. Shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh present both opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh. This article examines the extent to which the existing regulatory framework for dealing with these issues in Bangladesh is congruent with international instruments. This article also examines relevant international instruments which prescribe the core principles for regulating the ship breaking industry and evaluates the legal regulation of the Bangladesh ship breaking industry against these international instruments. The underlying objective of this evaluation is to demonstrate that Bangladeshi instruments could incorporate the core of the international instruments to minimise the environmental damage caused by this industry. This article concludes that Bangladesh should either amend its laws or enact a new legislative scheme that is based on the core values of the Basel Convention. This change is vital if Bangladesh wants to ensure a long lasting industry that could serve its need for iron ore and engage its abundant labour force, without the cost of destroying its coastal line which is one of its most valuable natural assets. 相似文献
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Microzonation of the city of Basel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
During the past centuries, the city of Basel has suffered damage caused by earthquakes. One extraordinary event described in historical documents is the strong earthquake which occurred in 1356. The 1356 event, one of the strongest earthquakes in northwest-Europe, was obviously much stronger than the low-magnitude earthquakes observed in the area during this century. Even though the present seismicity in the Basel area is low, strong earthquakes have to be expected due to the city's geographical location close to the northern boundary of the African-European convergence zone, at the southern end of the Rhinegraben. A crucial step towards preparedness for future events and mitigation of earthquake risk involves a microzonation study of the city. The study is carried out in three steps: (1) a detailed mapping of the geology and geotechnical properties of the area, (2) measurement, interpretation and modelling of ambient noise data, and (3) numerical modelling of expected ground motions during earthquakes. A qualitative microzonation of the centre of Basel is presented, and it is discussed by comparing it to the historically reported damage of the 1356 earthquake. 相似文献
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Singapore is alleged to be a key node in global flows of e‐waste prohibited under the Basel Convention. We combine a close reading of the Convention and related documents with findings from nonparticipant observation of and interviews with Singapore‐based traders of discarded electronics. The case offers both important conceptual and empirical findings for future studies of territory in market‐making activity. Conceptually, our research suggests that it may be analytically useful in such studies to conceptualize territory without presupposing that it is generated as a result of separate domains or logics such as ‘the political’ or ‘the economic’. Empirically, we find that the regulatory framework of the Convention, combined with the action of traders based in Singapore, generates a territorialization of the city‐state such that it operates as a crack in the regulatory edifice of the Convention, even as Singapore lawfully fulfils its obligations to it. Moreover, allegations premised on the role of Singapore as a facilitator of global e‐waste dumping misrepresent its crucial role as a conduit of electronic equipment for the significant reuse markets elsewhere in Southeast Asia and beyond. The case indicates that the allegations against Singapore hinge on the city‐state being territorialized as a ‘developing country’. 相似文献
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Developing nations seeking to apply the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements in Hazardous Wastes to prevent toxic ships from entering their waters for shipbreaking are faced with legal uncertainty. This paper responds to that uncertainty by adopting a definition of the offence of illegal traffic in end-of-life ships, and further proposing evidentiary burdens and potential sources of proof for that offence. While a shipowner's intention to scrap a ship for its value in steel was previously difficult to prove, recent market analysis of the shipbreaking industry provides potential proof sufficient to halt the importation of a toxic ship. 相似文献
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在国际金融界享有盛誉的巴塞尔委员会近期发布的<信用风险管理原则>,对银行信贷资产的风险管理做出了全面的规定,内容包括风险战略、授信、风险监测、风险控制、风险的外部监管等很多方面,对我国都有很强的借鉴性.我国商业银行目前贷款经营管理水平较低,金融信贷管理法规有的地方已不适应形势需要.因而,有必要吸收借鉴该文件的精神并加以创新,建立有我国特色的完善的信贷风险法规体系. 相似文献
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