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1.
To accurately evaluate ecological risks trigged by groundwater exploitation, it must be clarified the relationship between vegetation and groundwater. Based on remote sensing data sets MOD13Q1, groundwater table depth (WTD) and total dissolved solids (TDS), the relationship between groundwater and natural vegetation was analyzed statistically in the main plain areas of Qaidam Basin. The results indicate that natural vegetation is groundwater-dependent in areas where WTD is less than 5.5 m and TDS is less than 7.5 g/L. Aquatic vegetation, hygrophytic vegetation and hygrophytic saline-alkali tolerant vegetation are mainly distributed in areas with WTD <1.1 m. Salt-tolerant and mesophytic vegetation mainly occur in areas with WTD of 1.4-3.5 m, while the xerophytic vegetation isprimarily present in areas where WTD ranges from 1.4 m to 5.5 m. Natural vegetation does not necessarily depend on groundwater in areas with WTD >5.5 m. For natural vegetation, the most suitable water TDS is less than 1.5 g/L, the moderately suitable TDS is 1.5-5.0 g/L, the basically suitable TDS is 5.0-7.5 g/L, and the unsuitable TDS is more than 7.5 g/L.  相似文献   
2.
A well‐constrained plate deformation model may lead to an improved understanding of sedimentary basin formation and the connection between subduction history and over‐riding plate deformation. Building quantitative models of basin kinematics and deformation remains challenging often due to the lack of comprehensive constraints. The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is an important manifestation of the destruction of the North China Craton, and records the plate kinematic history of East Asia during the Cenozoic. Although a number of interpretations of the formation of the BBB have been proposed, few quantitative basin reconstruction models have been built to test and refine previous ideas. Here, we developed a quantitative deformation reconstruction of the BBB constrained with balanced cross‐sections and structural, stratigraphic and depositional age data. Our reconstruction suggests that the basin formation process was composed of three main stages: Paleocene‐early Eocene (65–42 Ma) extension initiation, middle Eocene‐early Oligocene (42–32.8 Ma) extension climax and post‐Oligocene (32.8–0 Ma) post‐extensional subsidence. The deformation of the BBB is spatially heterogeneous, and its velocity directions rotated clockwise during the basin formation process. The reconstruction supports the interpretation that the BBB formed via strike‐slip faulting and orthogonal extension and that the basin is classified as a composite extensional‐transtensional basin. We argue that the clockwise rotation of the basin velocity field was driven by the counter‐clockwise rotation in the direction of Pacific Plate subduction. The kinematics of the BBB imply that the Pacific Plate may have been sufficiently coupled to the over‐riding East Asian Plate during the critical period of Pacific Plate reorganization. The new reconstruction provides a quantitative basis for studies of deformation processes not only in the vicinity of the BBB, but also more broadly throughout East Asia.  相似文献   
3.
通过研究马五段去白云石化作用的成因及发生模式,可进一步了解鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成岩和物性的演化。通过岩心与薄片的观察,结合地球化学方法,和对白云岩的碳、氧同位素与微量元素的测定,分析了去白云石化作用成因及成岩演化过程,并结合物性资料分析去白云石化作用对储集层的影响,建立了研究区去白云石化的作用模式。结合样品的碳氧同位素和微量元素特征显示:M51+2含石膏结核的白云岩层段普遍受淡水淋滤作用影响,但只有部分层段发生淡水淋滤成因的去白云石化作用,Th/U、Th/Cr、Cr/Zr与Y/Ho特征表明由于淡水淋滤作用,大气淡水溶解陆源花岗岩类物质并携带陆源泥质灌入岩层。淡水淋滤去白云石化作用流体Ca2+源来自溶解蒸发岩(膏盐层)和石膏结核, CO 3 2 - 源来自表生期白云石化作用方解石分解,流体主要运移通道为溶蚀缝和缝合线;作用过程分为表生—浅埋藏期的交代过程和浅埋藏期的胶结过程,富Ca2+ CO 3 2 - 大气淡水流至运移通道末端,沿晶间缝下渗,造成白云石的选择性溶蚀和方解石对其的等体积交代,方解石胶结物填充晶间孔、缝和裂隙,使白云岩物性变差。  相似文献   
4.
油气储层流动单元在高、中、低渗储层表征中已经得到普遍应用,但在特低渗储层研究中仍然很少涉及。以松辽盆地北部三肇凹陷升554断块下白垩统泉头组四段扶余油层特低渗储层为例,划分出E、G、P三种流动单元类型,从E类至P类流动单元,渗流能力逐渐减小。流动单元物性特征、空间分布特征均表明流动单元储层非均质性较强。分析了沉积相及开启型正断层对流动单元发育的控制作用。研究发现,在特低渗储层尺度内,流动单元自身的渗流能力对油藏开发的作用已经很小,而不同流动单元之间的渗流能力差异引起油藏开发效果的不同也已不明显,开发效果主要取决于砂体射开厚度、注水效果等开发因素以及断层渗流通道、泥岩渗流屏障、砂体厚度等地质因素。这与以往储层流动单元研究中普遍认为的"流动单元渗流能力越强,油藏注水开发效果越好"的观点是截然不同的。通过本文以期为特低渗油气储层流动单元研究提供一定借鉴,为特低渗油藏开发提供一定参考依据。  相似文献   
5.
平南盆地位于朝鲜半岛中部,处于华北克拉通(中朝克拉通)东缘;其演化历史长达10亿年,其地质记录为揭示东亚现今构造格局的形成提供重要制约。盆地发育中元古界-中生界,从下至上包括黄海群(1.3~1.1Ga)、祥原超群(1.0~0.9Ga,自下而上包括直岘群、祠堂隅群、默川群和灭岳山群等)、燕滩群(狗岘系,0.72~0.54Ga)、黄州系/超群(0.52~0.46Ga,包括下部黄州群和上部法洞群)和平安超群(0.33~0.24Ga)等5个构造层序;各单元之间均为平行不整合;沉积跨度超过10亿年,沉积物厚度累计达到15000m。另外,平南盆地南部发育临津群(0.42~0.35Ga),该地层与中元古界上部-奥陶系很可能呈构造接触关系。平南盆地沉积中心自中元古代晚期从南部逐渐向北部转移,新元古代及早古生代均位于中部,二叠纪盆地沉积中心位于北部。平南盆地沉积碎屑锆石年龄则显示物源发生多期变化:中元古代以盆地北侧基底~1.8Ga峰期岩浆-变质作用岩石为主;中元古代晚期以同沉积就位的岩浆岩为主;新元古代以1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga峰期的岩浆岩为主;寒武纪以~2.5Ga和~1.8Ga峰值的变质基底岩石为主。以上变化反映了古地理格局的显著变化。推测新元古代早期及之前,华北克拉通曾与某个发育1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga岩浆作用的克拉通或者岩浆弧相邻(近邻或远邻);地层记录了迄今所知新元古代最早的碳同位素负漂移(默川负漂移,~0.92Ga),地层可能还记录了最晚的负漂移(燕滩负漂移,可能对应全球Gaskiers负漂移,~0.55Ga),它们可能是对新元古代全球长期多次岩浆-裂解-冰期事件的响应。  相似文献   
6.
To assess the performances of state-of-the-art global climate models on simulating the Arctic clouds and surface radiation balance, the 2001–2014 Arctic Basin surface radiation budget, clouds, and the cloud radiative effects(CREs) in 22 coupled model intercomparison project 6(CMIP6) models are evaluated against satellite observations. For the results from CMIP6 multi-model mean, cloud fraction(CF) peaks in autumn and is lowest in winter and spring, consistent with that from three satellite observation products(Cloud Sat-CALIPSO, CERESMODIS, and APP-x). Simulated CF also shows consistent spatial patterns with those in observations. However,almost all models overestimate the CF amount throughout the year when compared to CERES-MODIS and APP-x.On average, clouds warm the surface of the Arctic Basin mainly via the longwave(LW) radiation cloud warming effect in winter. Simulated surface energy loss of LW is less than that in CERES-EBAF observation, while the net surface shortwave(SW) flux is underestimated. The biases may result from the stronger cloud LW warming effect and SW cooling effect from the overestimated CF by the models. These two biases compensate each other,yielding similar net surface radiation flux between model output(3.0 W/m~2) and CERES-EBAF observation(6.1 W/m~2). During 2001–2014, significant increasing trend of spring CF is found in the multi-model mean,consistent with previous studies based on surface and satellite observations. Although most of the 22 CMIP6 models show common seasonal cycles of CF and liquid water path/ice water path(LWP/IWP), large inter-model spreads exist in the amounts of CF and LWP/IWP throughout the year, indicating the influences of different cloud parameterization schemes used in different models. Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project(CFMIP)observation simulator package(COSP) is a great tool to accurately assess the performance of climate models on simulating clouds. More intuitive and credible evaluation results can be obtained based on the COSP model output. In the future, with the release of more COSP output of CMIP6 models, it is expected that those inter-model spreads and the model-observation biases can be substantially reduced. Longer term active satellite observations are also necessary to evaluate models' cloud simulations and to further explore the role of clouds in the rapid Arctic climate changes.  相似文献   
7.
陇中盆地及周边地区是青藏高原向北东方向扩展的最前缘部位,其地貌演化过程的研究对于深入理解高原的隆升与扩展过程具有重要意义。鉴于夷平面在探讨高原隆升年代、幅度和过程方面的可靠性,首先总结陇中盆地及周边地区夷平面相关研究的前期成果,并结合最新年代数据,确定了不同区域主夷平面的发育和解体年代;再利用古河道拟合等方法定量评估了相关夷平面的隆升量;最后探讨了主夷平面的性质及其隆升过程。研究发现,陇中盆地及周边的地区的高海拔低起伏地貌面是被抬高的先存夷平面;不同区域主夷平面的发育与解体时间整体同步,它们自晚渐新世开始发育,并于晚中新世8~6 Ma左右解体;模拟结果表明,美武高原主夷平面自晚中新世以来相对陇中盆地隆升了约1 400~1 600 m,并且早更新世以来的隆升速率明显大于晚中新世-早更新世时期。  相似文献   
8.
将混入污染物和杂质的地热尾水直接排向地表水体,会造成水、土环境污染,也会造成水资源的浪费。为高效减少地热尾水中污染物,实现供暖地热尾水的无害化排放,以林甸县花园镇供暖地热尾水为例,通过混凝沉淀、超滤、纳滤工艺开展供暖尾水处理的室内实验和中试试验研究,连续监测获取地热尾水各处理工艺运行参数,组合工艺稳定运行期间监测到溶解性总固体浓度由5 824.7 mg/L降为432.40 mg/L、氯化物浓度由3 010.13 mg/L降为194.16 mg/L、氟化物浓度由1.57 mg/L降为0.31 mg/L、硼浓度由4.04 mg/L降为1.62 mg/L。确定该区地热尾水处理的最佳组合工艺为采用超滤运行压力为0.1 MPa,纳滤膜为陶氏NF90,操作压力为0.60 MPa,进水量为0.8 m3/h。室内实验溶解性总固体去除率90.21%~92.49%,氯化物去除率91.63%~93.02%,氟化物去除率96.81%,硼去除率55.20%~55.69%。中试试验溶解性总固体去除率为92.62%;氯化物浓度200 mg/L,氯化物去除率为92.57%;硼浓度1.77 mg/L,硼去除率为55.7%,以上实验结果均达到相关规范标准。试验证明本工艺处理松嫩盆地北部林甸地热田供暖尾水是可行的,解决了供暖尾水处理中资源浪费和尾水回收利用的技术性问题,为地热资源可持续利用提供了新的途径。  相似文献   
9.
黄河流域地下水资源状况及其生态环境问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
黄河流域是中国重要的生态屏障和经济地带,上中下游面临着不同生态环境问题,水在生态环境问题的形成演化过程中起着重要作用。本文从黄河流域地下水动态特征、地下水资源的数量、质量及开发利用等方面,分析了黄河流域地下水资源及饮水安全状况。黄河流域年度地下水资源量393.55亿m~3,银川平原、河套平原等7处主要平原(盆地)地下水资源量为81.91亿m~3,占比超过20%;黄河流域地下水质量以Ⅰ~Ⅳ类为主,劣质地下水主要受总硬度、硫酸盐、铁、溶解性总固体等天然原生组分影响,砷、氟、硒、碘等原生组分超标是流域部分地区地下水饮水安全的主要威胁;2020年与2019年同期相比,黄河流域地下水位呈上游稳定、中游局部上升、下游下降的态势,主要地下水降落漏斗形态基本稳定。针对黄河源区、宁蒙河套平原等重点区段,分析了存在的主要生态环境问题,提出了全面开展流域水文地质与水资源调查评价,深入开展黄河流域及重点地区水平衡分析等工作建议。  相似文献   
10.
《China Geology》2021,4(4):541-552
The intersection of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) and the Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the West Philippine Basin (WPB) is a relic of a trench-trench-rift (TTR) type triple-junction, which preserves some pivotal information on the cessation of the seafloor spreading of the WPB, the emplacement and disintegration of the proto-Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Arc, and the transition from initial rifting to steady-state spreading of the Parece Vela Basin (PVB). However, the structural characteristics of this triple-junction have not been thoroughly understood. In this paper, using the newly acquired multi-beam bathymetric, gravity, and magnetic data obtained by the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, the authors depict the topographic, gravity, and magnetic characteristics of the triple-junction and adjacent region. Calculations including the upward continuations and total horizontal derivatives of gravity anomaly are also performed to highlight the major structural features and discontinuities. Based on these works, the morphological and structural features and their formation mechanisms are analyzed. The results show that the last episode amagmatic extension along the CBR led to the formation of a deep rift valley, which extends eastward and incised the KPR. The morphological and structural fabrics of the KPR near and to the south of the triple-junction are consistent with those of the western PVB, manifesting as a series of NNE-SSW- and N-S-trending ridges and troughs, which were produced by the extensional faults associated with the initial rifting of the PVB. The superposition of the above two reasons induced the prominent discontinuity of the KPR in deep and shallow crustal structures between 15°N–15°30′N and 13°30′N–14°N. Combined with previous authors’ results, we propose that the stress produced by the early spreading of the PVB transmitted westward and promoted the final stage amagmatic extension of the CBR. The eastward propagation of the CBR destroyed the KPR, of which the magmatism had decayed or ceased at that time. The destruction mechanism of the KPR associated with the rifting of the PVB varies along strike the KPR. Adjacent to the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed mainly due to the oblique intersection of the PVB rifting center. Whereas south of the triple-junction, the KPR was destroyed by the E-W-directional extensional faulting on its whole width.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   
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