Granulites record the tectonic evolution from collisional thickening to extensional thinning of the Tongbai orogen in central China     

Qiang-Qiang Zhang  Xiao-Ying Gao  Ren-Xu Chen  Yong-Fei Zheng 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(3):265-295

A combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granulites from the Tongbai orogen in central China. The results reveal the tectonic evolution from collisional thickening to extensional thinning of the lithosphere at the convergent plate boundary. Petrographic observations, zircon U–Pb dating, and pseudosection calculations indicate that the granulites underwent four metamorphic stages, which are categorized into two cycles. The first cycle occurred at 490–450 Ma and involves high-P (HP) metamorphism (M1) at 785–815°C and 10–14 kbar followed by decompressional heating to 840–880°C and 8–9 kbar for medium-pressure granulite facies metamorphism (M2), defining a clockwise P–T path. The high pressure is indicated by the occurrence of inclusions of rutile+kyanite+K-feldspar in the garnet mantle. The second cycle occurred at c. 440 Ma and shows an anticlockwise P–T path with continuous heating to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism (M3) at 890–980°C and 9–11 kbar, followed by decompressional cooling to 740–880°C and 7–9 kbar (M4) till 405 Ma. The HP metamorphism is synchronous with the ultrahigh-pressure eclogite facies metamorphism in the Qinling orogen, indicating its relevance to the continental collision in the Cambrian. The UHT metamorphism took place at reduced pressures, indicating thinning of the collision-thickened orogenic lithosphere. Therefore, the Tongbai orogen was initially thickened by the collisional orogeny and then thinned, possibly as a result of foundering of the orogenic root. Such tectonic evolution may be common in collisional orogens where compression during continental collision switched to extension during continental rifting.  相似文献   

大别山及其周边现今垂直形变研究     

宋尚武  王庆良  郝明  周琳  刘立炜  胡亚轩 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(1):32-35

基于1980年、2005年和2015年3期区域精密水准网观测资料，利用线性动态平差模型计算获取大别山地区水准网长期垂直运动速度场图像。研究发现，淮河平原地表下沉较为严重，大别山呈现弱隆升趋势运动，长江谷地边缘地区较大别山区呈现明显的隆升运动。跨郯庐断裂带水准剖面结果显示，垂直运动与地形呈负相关和弱相关。  相似文献   

Quantitative elemental mapping of granulite-facies monazite: Textural insights and implications for petrochronology     

Owen M. Weller  Simon Jackson  William G. R. Miller  Marc R. St-Onge  Nicole Rayner 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(8):853-880

Texturally complex monazite grains contained in two granulite-facies pelitic migmatites from southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, were mapped by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (using spot sizes ≤5 µm) to quantitatively determine the spatial variation in trace element chemistry (with up to 1,883 analyses per grain). The maps highlight the chemical complexity of monazite grains that have experienced multiple episodes of growth, resorption and chemical modification by dissolution–precipitation during high-grade metamorphism. Following detailed chemical characterization of monazite compositional zones, a related U–Pb data set is re-interpreted, allowing petrologically significant ages to be extracted from a continuum of concordant data. Synthesis of these data with pseudosection modelling of prograde and peak conditions allows for the temporal evolution of monazite trace element chemistry to be placed in the context of the evolving P–T conditions and major phase assemblage. This approach enables a critical evaluation of three commonly used petrochronological indicators: linking Y to garnet abundance, the Eu anomaly to feldspar content and Th/U to anatectic processes. Europium anomalies and Th/U behave in a relatively systematic fashion, suggesting that they are reliable petrochronological witnesses. However, Y systematics are variable, both within domains interpreted to have grown in a single event, between grains interpreted to be part of the same age population, and between samples that experienced similar metamorphic conditions and mineral assemblages. These observations caution against generalized petrological interpretations on the basis of Y content, as it suggests Y concentrations in monazite are controlled by domainal equilibria. The results reveal a c. 45 Myr interval between prograde metamorphism and retrograde melt crystallization in the study area, emphasizing the long-lived nature of heat flow in high-grade metamorphic terranes. Such long timescales of metamorphism would be assisted by the growth, retention and dominance of high-Th suprasolidus monazite, as observed in this study, contributing to the radiogenic heating budget of mid- to lower-crustal environments. Careful characterization of monazite grains suggests that continuum-style U–Pb data sets can be decoded to provide insights into the duration of metamorphic processes.  相似文献   

Metamorphism and geochronology of garnet amphibolite from the Beishan Orogen,southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Constraints from P-T path and zircon U-Pb dating     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1189-1201

Numerous lenses of garnet amphibolite occur in the garnet-bearing biotite-plagioclase gneiss belt in the Baishan area of the Beishan Orogen,which connects the Tianshan Orogen to the west and the Mongolia-Xing'anling Orogen to the east.The study of metamorphism in Beishan area is of great significance to explain the tectonic evolution of Beishan orogen.According to the microstructures,mineral relationships,and geothermobarometry,we identified four stages of mineral assemblages from the garnet amphibolite sample:(1) a pre-peak stage,which is recorded by the cores of garnet together with core-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl_1);(2) a peak stage,which is recorded by the mantles of garnet together with mantle-inclusions of plagioclase(Pl_2)+amphibole(Amp_1)+Ilmenite(Ilm_1)+biotite(Bt_1),developed at temperature-pressure(P-T) conditions of 818.9-836.5℃ and7.3-9.2 kbar;(3) a retrograde stage,which is recorded by garnet rims + plagioclase(Pl_3)+amphibole(Amp_2)+orthopyroxene(Opx_1)+biotite(Bt_2)+Ilmenite(Ilm_2),developed at P-T conditions of 796.1-836.9℃ and5.6-7.5 kbar;(4) a symplectitic stage,which is recorded by plagioclase(Pl_4)+orthopyroxene(Opx_2)+amphibole(Amp_3)+biotite(Bt_3) symplectites,developed at P-T conditions of 732 ±59.6℃ and 6.1 ±0.6 kbar.Moreover,the U-Pb dating of the Beishan garnet amphibolite indicates an age of 301.9 ±4.7 Ma for the protolith and 281.4±8.5 Ma for the peak metamorphic age.Therefore,the mineral assemblage,P-T conditions,and zircon U-Pb ages of the Beishan garnet amphibolite define a near-isothermal decompression of a clockwise P-T-t(Pressure-Temperature-time) path,indicating the presence of over thickened continental crust in the Huaniushan arc until the Early Permian,then the southern Beishan area underwent a process of thinning of the continental crust.  相似文献   

秦岭—大别东段应力状态研究     

倪红玉  刘泽民  洪德全  赵朋  汪小厉 《地震》2019,39(3):138-148

本文首先通过Snoke发展的利用P波、 SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比方法计算秦岭—大别东段2008年以来83次M_L≥2.5地震的震源机制解, 然后通过FMSI方法反演得到平均应力场的方向特征: 近东西向的水平挤压和近南北向的水平拉张作用, 与参数统计结果一致; 进而通过震源机制的一致性参数分析应力场方向的变化信息。 分析表明震源机制解呈现了由变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场到变化一致、 趋于平均应力场再到变化紊乱、 偏离平均应力场的变化过程, 在显著地震前, 研究区整体的震源机制一致性参数处于持续低值状态; 计算了2008年以来93次M_L≥2.5地震的视应力, 拟合视应力与震级的关系, 分析扣除震级影响的差视应力随时间变化特征, 近似反映研究区应力大小的变化。 分析表明显著地震前研究区的差视应力值呈现出明显的先上升后下降的变化过程, 在下降过程中发生地震; 最后利用震源机制一致性参数和差视应力综合分析研究区的应力状态, 均表明显著地震前震源区的构造应力场增强。 目前研究区的震源机制一致性参数较高、 差视应力较低, 研究区的应力水平较低。  相似文献   

西昆仑玛尔坎苏石炭纪大型锰矿带构造背景与成矿条件     

张连昌  张帮禄  董志国  谢月桥  李文君  彭自栋  朱明田  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1340-1357

西昆仑北段玛尔坎苏地区探明的大型碳酸锰成矿带，是我国近年最重要的找矿成果之一。该锰矿带构造上属北昆仑晚古生代弧后伸展盆地，其构造动力学背景为古特提斯洋向北俯冲于塔里木地块之下形成的弧盆体系。锰矿体主要发育于晚石炭世喀拉阿特河组含炭泥质灰岩夹薄层灰岩中。矿石中主要金属矿物为菱锰矿（75%~95%），次为软锰矿、硫锰矿及少量黄铁矿等。含锰岩系岩性和岩相学研究表明，玛尔坎苏锰矿带属典型的海相沉积锰矿床，其矿床成因可能与晚古生代半局限盆地沉积和海底热液活动有关。海底热液活动可能为成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。含锰岩系元素和同位素地球化学特征表明，玛尔坎苏锰矿沉淀时的水体环境为常氧条件，而矿层下盘（部分）岩系的岩性及地球化学特征反映其沉积时的水体环境为低氧—贫氧条件。玛尔坎苏锰矿带锰矿石具有负的δ¹³C值（-23.3‰~-10.0‰），推测有机质导致的还原作用是该锰矿由原生氧化锰在成岩期转化为菱锰矿和形成富锰矿的重要机制。  相似文献   

西昆仑穆呼锰矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿模式     

董志国  张连昌  董飞羽  张帮禄  谢月桥  查斌  彭自栋  王长乐 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1358-1372

穆呼锰矿床位于西昆仑造山带玛尔坎苏锰矿带东段，研究程度相对薄弱。穆呼锰矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉阿特河组，自下而上可分为角砾灰岩、钙质杂砂岩和含炭质泥灰岩3个岩性段，具有完整的海侵层序特征，反映了由逐步断陷到稳定沉积的盆地演化过程。锰矿层赋存于第三岩性段炭质泥灰岩中，矿石矿物主要为化学组分纯净的泥晶菱锰矿。根据详细的矿相学观察并综合前人研究成果，笔者认为菱锰矿是初始沉淀的锰（氢）氧化物与有机质通过成岩反应形成的。这种成矿机制需要3个基本条件：丰富的锰质来源、氧化还原分层的海水和有机质的大量埋藏。在穆呼一带，有利于满足以上条件的主要控矿因素包括：伸展拉张的构造背景、强烈的海底热液活动、海侵事件和温暖潮湿的古气候。笔者根据w（Ba）-w（P₂O₅）图解并结合区域对比分析，初步认为穆呼锰矿床的成矿模式可能属于最小含氧量带扩张型。  相似文献   

桐柏造山带榴辉岩早古生代高压变质作用的发现     

李乐倩  张宏福 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3575-3590

桐柏造山带是连接秦岭造山带和红安-大别造山带的枢纽,一直被认为是三叠纪变质带。本文通过对其南部高压榴辉岩带内榴辉岩和白云母石英片岩的全岩化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素地球化学研究,首次确定该地区的榴辉岩存在早古生代变质作用。榴辉岩主要由石榴石、绿辉石和角闪石组成,含少量多硅白云母、石英和金红石等。榴辉岩中锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为452±5Ma,这些锆石具有低Th/U比值、低¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf比值,并具有平坦的HREE配分型式和无Eu负异常的特征,即为典型榴辉岩相的变质锆石。因此,452Ma代表该榴辉岩的变质时间。此外,白云母石英片岩中的锆石SIMS定年也获得450±93Ma的下交点年龄,证明白云母石英片岩与榴辉岩皆记录了早古生代的变质事件。榴辉岩的主微量元素及锆石Hf同位素特征反映榴辉岩原岩形成于板内环境,并且在侵位过程中遭到古老地壳物质的混染。结合桐柏造山带内不同岩石类型中早古生代的变质年龄,表明早古生代的变质作用在桐柏造山带内是普遍存在的。同时,桐柏造山带早古生代榴辉岩相变质事件的发现,进一步说明其经历了从古生代到中生代多阶段的构造演化。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩——关键金属Sn-Cs-Tl的富集机制     

高利娥  曾令森  严立龙  高家昊  赵令浩 《岩石学报》2021,37(10):2923-2943

关键金属是全球高科技产业不可或缺的战略性资源,其富集机制和成矿作用是目前国际矿床学研究的热点之一。我们对喜马拉雅带吉隆和亚东地区淡色花岗岩开展系统的地球化学研究,发现侵入到藏南拆离系的淡色花岗岩含有较高的Sn、Cs、Tl、Be、W、B、Li和Bi。全岩元素地球化学分析表明,这些淡色花岗岩具有如下特征：（1）富集关键金属元素;（2）为原始岩浆经历斜长石、锆石、独居石、磷灰石、云母分离结晶作用后的残余熔体;（3）关键元素的富集和矿化与花岗岩高度分离结晶作用密切相关。随着分异程度的增强,岩浆变为富挥发分的高SiO₂体系,关键金属元素在残余熔体中富集,并且最后可能形成具有工业价值的矿床。由于地球化学特征的相似性,Cs和Tl呈类质同象替代钾、铷进入云母中。富集关键金属元素的花岗岩在时间上和空间上属于与藏南拆离系相关的同构造侵位花岗岩,藏南拆离系的活动促使了原始岩浆的广泛分离结晶作用,以及后期的关键金属元素（如Rb、Cs和Tl）的富集。  相似文献   

青岛连三岛地区“荆山岩群”高压变质岩的变质时代和变质演化特征     

郜源  曹玉亭  王淞杰  李旭平  孔凡梅 《岩石学报》2021,37(5):1347-1371

青岛连三岛地区原划为古元古界荆山岩群中出露各类片岩、片麻岩。本文在前人研究的基础上,对连三岛地区出露的含榴黑云母斜长片麻岩、含榴云母片岩和含榴黑云母钾长片麻岩,进行详细的岩相学和矿物化学研究,确定其变质温压条件及其P-T演化轨迹,并采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了3个样品的原岩时代和变质时代,为全面深入认识其变质属性提供了进一步的重要依据。根据岩相学和矿物化学成分可以识别出两期矿物组合:第一期(峰期变质阶段)为Grt1+Kfs+Aln+Ph+Qtz;第二期(退变质阶段)为Grt2+Pl+Ep+Bt+Qtz;依据多硅白云母Si压力计、锆石Ti温度计以及GB-GBPQ矿物温压计,确定其峰期变质和退变质的温压条件分别为T=600～817℃、P=2.4～2.6GPa和T=431～456℃、P=0.48～0.82GPa。结合白云母部分熔融现象,上述两个变质阶段构成了一个折返早期升温降压,后穿过多硅白云母熔融反应线,最后降温降压的顺时针型演化的P-T轨迹。CL图像显示3个样品的锆石均具有典型的岩浆核-变质边结构;结合LA-ICP-MS锆石原位微区U-Pb定年和微量元素分析,3个样品分别获得了769～756Ma、～223Ma和213～216Ma三组年龄,分别与苏鲁造山带其他高压-超高压变质岩的新元古代原岩时代(700～800Ma)、峰期变质时代(240～225Ma)和角闪岩相退变质时代(215～205Ma)一致。对样品含榴黑云母斜长片麻岩(17LSD-1)和含榴云母片岩(18LSD-2)进行锆石Hf同位素分析,获得样品17LSD-1的ε_(Hf)(t)=-23.2～2.8、t_(DM2)~C(Hf)=1712～2845Ma,表明其原岩主要来源于古元古代陆壳重熔;样品18LSD-2的ε_(Hf)(t)=-13.9～8.6、t_(DM2)~C(Hf)=1113～2358Ma,表明样品形成时壳源物质成分占主导地位,同时部分幔源或新生地壳物质的加入,导致少部分ε_(Hf)(t)偏正值。Hf同位素结果表明连三岛变质岩原岩的形成与扬子板块新太古代-早古元古代的陆壳重熔有关。对比前人的相关数据,无论是原岩时代、变质年龄还是变质演化特征,本文研究的连三岛地区片岩/片麻岩与苏鲁造山带的部分变质岩均具有相似的原岩属性和变质属性,因此推断其应归属为苏鲁超高压变质带的一部分,是三叠纪扬子板块向华北板块俯冲碰撞引发的高压-超高压变质事件的产物,不应再作为岩石地层单元划归为"荆山岩群"。  相似文献