基于深度卷积神经网络的剪切波分裂质量检测     

张彭达  戴志阳  查显杰 《中国地震》2020,36(3):539-549

剪切波分裂是分析地震各向异性的一种重要手段,常规方法是利用网格搜索获取分裂参数,再通过不同方法的测量结果对比测量结果进行质量检测,这一过程会耗费大量计算时间。本文针对这一问题提出了一种利用深度卷积神经网络对剪切波分裂进行质量检测的新方法,对使用了Resnet残差结构的深度神经网络进行训练,直接对二分量剪切波波形数据的质量进行分类。整个过程为:神经网络通过卷积层提取波形特征,计算损失函数后反向传播训练模型参数,完成迭代训练后的模型对输入波形数据正向计算自动输出类型。本文利用川西台站接收到的实际数据以及随机生成的合成数据分别对该网络进行训练,均可以获得准确的分类结果。相比于通过多种剪切波分裂方法对比测量结果的质量检测方法,基于神经网络的方法可以省略网格搜索的计算过程直接判断质量类型,在运算速度上的优势明显,并可继续通过训练提高模型的精度,为提升剪切波分裂方法在数据处理过程中的操作效率提供帮助。  相似文献   

高强耐热铝合金钻杆材料优选          下载免费PDF全文

梁健  尹浩  孙建华  李亚红  王成彪  张金昌 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):65-71

铝合金钻杆的使用性能是制约深部钻探技术发展的“瓶颈”。本文综合考虑孔内工况因素和钻杆性能因素，以钻柱组合设计为基础准则，从特深孔钻探工程技术需求出发，开展了高强耐温铝合金钻杆材质选择和评价的试验研究。试验结果表明：2219铝合金固溶时效制度分别为535 ℃/1 h、165 ℃/20 h，2618铝合金固溶时效制度分别为530 ℃/1 h、200 ℃/20 h；2219铝合金在高温长时间暴露后的室温力学性能优于2618铝合金，在高温瞬时条件下的力学性能劣于2618铝合金；2219铝合金中含有Zr，该元素在热暴露过程中起到减缓溶质扩散速率的作用，这对提高热暴露后的剩余强度是有利的。  相似文献   

广西忻城福六浪洼地堵洞成库施工实践          下载免费PDF全文

邓忠  韦兴标  何德顺 《探矿工程》2020,47(11):61-69

为解决广西忻城县城关镇弄长村一带万余人饮水问题及该岩溶石山区干旱农田引水灌溉问题，在广西忻城县隆光地下河福六浪洼地3号天窗下游钻取了投料孔和帷幕灌浆孔，先在投料孔投放碎石骨料，后在帷幕灌浆孔内灌入水泥砂浆或水泥浆液对先期投放的碎石骨料进行固结，修筑地下堵体防渗帷幕对流经福六浪洼地的隆光地下河管道实施堵截，成功地截住了隆光地下河水向下游排泄量，减少了洼地积水通过天窗、落水洞向下游的渗漏量，增加了天窗向洼地的溢洪量，建成了库容约250万m3的溶洼水库，基本解决了城关镇弄长村一带万余人生活饮水难的问题，提高了该溶洼水库周边、岩溶大石山区干旱农田灌溉水平和改善了当地村民的饮水条件。  相似文献   

高效钻杆润滑脂研制及其在川藏铁路勘察中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

熊正强  陶士先  张德龙  邹志飞 《探矿工程》2020,47(11):7-11

针对地质钻探深孔或水平孔失返性漏失时钻具磨损及钻进效率低的问题，以白油、钠基稠化剂与粘结性材料等为原料，采用一步法研制了一种高效钻杆润滑脂，并在川藏铁路昌都段定测勘察水平孔现场应用中取得显著效果，有力支撑服务了川藏铁路大位移水平孔施工。室内评价及现场应用结果表明，该润滑脂具有耐低温（-16 ℃）、易涂抹、良好的粘附性与润滑性以及高性价比特点，能长时间保护钻具，而且其润滑效果与国外同类产品相当。  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘重力场深部结构及其动力学特征          下载免费PDF全文

王鑫  姜文亮  张景发  王德华  田云峰  申文豪 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):988-1001

本文采用欧拉反褶积、场源参数成像(SPI)、场源边界提取(SED)、莫霍面反演、地壳三维可视化等多源方法,对青藏高原东北缘地区的布格重力场进行反演与分析,深入研究该地区的深部结构与变形特征,探讨区域深部孕震环境及动力学机制.研究表明,青藏高原东北缘的布格重力场整体呈负异常值,具有明显的分区性,表现出鄂尔多斯盆地异常值相对偏高、阿拉善块体次之、青藏高原块体极低的特点,其中海源断裂系形成了一条宽缓的弧形重力梯度条带,梯度值达1.2 mGal·km^-1.欧拉结果显示,鄂尔多斯盆地相比于青藏高原块体而言,场源点具有较强的均一性,场源强度值高(密度值高)且深度稳定在25~32 km范围内,而高原块体的中下地壳尺度广泛分布着低密度异常体.SPI图可知,海源弧形断裂系位于“浅源异常”弧形区,反映其地壳较为活跃,易发生中强地震.SED图揭示青藏高原地壳向东北扩展,经过几大断裂系的调节后运动矢量向东或东南转化,SED与GPS、SKS运动特征大致相同,说明地表-地壳-地幔的运动特征有着较强的一致性.青藏高原东北缘地区壳幔变形是连贯的,加之莫霍面由北向南、由东向西是逐渐加深的,因此属于垂向连贯变形机制,不符合下地壳管道流动力学模式.区域形成了似三联点构造格局,其中海源弧形断裂系的深部地壳结构复杂,高低密度异常体复杂交汇,是青藏高原、阿拉善、鄂尔多斯三大块体相互作用的重要枢纽,其运动学特征总体为中段走滑尾端逆冲,而断裂系正处于大型的弧形莫霍面斜坡带之上,具备强震的深部孕震环境,因此大尺度的运动调节与深部孕震条件共同促使了该地区中强震的多发.  相似文献   

Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg,Germany     

Stuart Andrew Vyse  Majid Taie Semiromi  Gunnar Lischeid  Christoph Merz 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1868-1887

Understanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north-east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ¹⁸O ) and hydrogen (δ²H ), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow-through-dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow-through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side.  相似文献   

XTE J1550-564 2001年“迷你爆发”的X射线能谱研究          下载免费PDF全文

葛康  董爱军  刘畅  支启军 《天文学报》2021,62(4):35

黑洞X射线暂现源的迷你爆发是一类峰值光度较低、持续时间较短的爆发.由于观测数据较少,其物理机制仍不清楚.利用RXTE (Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer)卫星从2001年1月28日到3月14日的数据,研究了黑洞X射线暂现源XTE J1550–564 2001年迷你爆发的X射线能谱特性.发现在本次迷你爆发中, XTE J1550–564的X射线能谱可以用幂律谱很好地拟合.整个爆发的硬度强度图不是标准的q型,而是一直保持在最右侧.此外,还分析了此次爆发谱指数Γ与未吸收的2–10 keV能段的X射线流量F_(2–10 keV)的相关性,发现Γ-F_(2–10 keV)呈反相关关系,且谱指数Γ∈[1.35, 1.72].上述结果表明2001年这次爆发一直处于低/硬态,它的X射线辐射主要来自于辐射低效的吸积模式,如ADAF(Advection-Dominated Accretion Flow).  相似文献   

Redox evolution of western Tianshan subduction zone and its effect on deep carbon cycle     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):915-924

Knowing the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases at high-pressure(HP) and high-temperature(HT) condition is essential for understanding the deep carbon cycle in the subduction zones.In particular,the phase relation of carbon-bearing phases is also strongly influenced by redox condition of subduction zones,which is poorly explored.Here we summarized the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases(calcite,aragonite,dolomite,magnesite,graphite,hydrocarbon) in HP metamorphic rocks(marble,metapelite,eclogite) from the Western Tianshan subduction zone and high-pressure experiments.During prograde progress of subduction,carbonates in altered oceanic crust change from Ca-carbonate(calcite) to Ca,Mg-carbonate(dolomite),then finally to Mgcarbonate(magnesite) via Mg-Ca cation exchange reaction between silicate and carbonate,while calcite in sedimentary calcareous ooze on oceanic crust directly transfers to high-pressure aragonite in marble or amorphous CaCO3 in subduction zones.Redox evolution also plays a significant effect on the carbon speciation in the Western Tianshan subduction zone.The prograde oxygen fugacity of the Western Tianshan subduction zone was constrained by mineral assemblage of garnet-omphacite from FMQ-1.9 to FMQ-2.5 at its metamorphic peak(maximum P-T) conditions.In comparison with redox conditions of other subduction zones,Western Tianshan has the lowest oxygen fugacity.Graphite and light hydrocarbon inclusions were ubiqutously identified in Western Tianshan HP metamorphic rocks and speculated to be formed from reduction of Fe-carbonate at low redox condition,which is also confirmed by high-pressure experimental simulation.Based on petrological observation and high-pressure simulation,a polarized redox model of reducing slab but oxidizing mantle wedge in subduction zone is proposed,and its effect on deep carbon cycle in subduction zones is further discussed.  相似文献   

Deep gold mineralization features of Jiaojia metallogenic belt,Jiaodong gold Province: Based on the breakthrough of 3000 m exploration drilling     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):385-401

Recently, continuous breakthroughs have been made about deep gold prospecting in the Jiaodong gold province area of China. Approximately 5000 t of cumulative gold resources have been explored in Jiaodong, which has thus become an internationally noteworthy gold ore cluster. The gold exploration depth has been increased to about 2000 m from the previous <1000 m. To further explore the mineralization potential of the Jiaodong area at a depth of about 3000 m, the Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences has drilled an exploratory drillhole named “Deep drillhole ZK01” to a depth of 3266 m. Hence, as reported herein, the mineralization characteristics of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt have been successfully documented. ZK01 is, to date, the deepest borehole with an gold intersect in China, and constitutes a significant advance in deep gold prospecting in China. The findings of this study further indicate that the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the ground surface in the Wuyi Village area incorporates 912 t of inferred gold resources, while the depth interval of 2000 m to 4000 m below the surface across the Jiaodong area possesses about 4000 t of inferred gold resources. The Jiaojia Fault Belt tends to gently dip downward, having dip angles of about 25° and about 20° at vertical depths of 2000 m and 2850 m, respectively. The deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt differs from the shallow and moderately deep parts about fracturing, alteration, mineralization, and tectonic type. The deep zones can generally be categorized from inside outward as cataclastic granite, granitic cataclasite, weakly beresitized granitic cataclasite, beresitized cataclasite, and gouge. These zones exhibit a gradual transitional relation or occur alternately and repeatedly. The mineralization degree of the pyritized cataclastic granite-type ore in the deep part of the Jiaojia metallogenic belt is closely related to the degree of pyrite vein development; that is, the higher the pyrite content, the wider the veins and the higher the gold grade. Compared to the shallow gold ores, the deep-seated gold ores have higher fineness and contain joseite, tetradymite, and native bismuth, suggesting that the deep gold mineralization temperature is higher and that mantle-sourced material may have contributed to this mineralization. ZK01 has also revealed that the deep-seated ore bodies in the Jiaojia metallogenic belt are principally situated above the main fracture plane (gouge) and hosted within the Linglong Granite, contradicting previous findings indicating that the moderately shallow gold ore bodies are usually hosted in the contact zone between the Linglong Granite and Jiaodong Group or meta-gabbro. These new discoveries are particularly significant because they can help correct mineralization prospecting models, determine favorable positions for deep prospecting, and improve metallogenic prediction and resource potential evaluation.  相似文献   

冕洞与太阳风高速流关系的统计研究:到达时间、持续时间和峰值强度          下载免费PDF全文

卜萱  罗冰显  刘四清  龚建村  曹勇  王宏 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):462-472

冕洞是太阳风高速流的源区.当冕洞出现在中低纬区域时,太阳风高速流会扫过地球并引发地球空间环境扰动,如地磁暴和高能电子暴等.在太阳活动周下降年和低年,这种类型的扰动占据主导地位.因此,冕洞高速流的到达时间、峰值时间、峰值强度和持续时间等,是空间天气预报的重要内容.本文基于2010年5月到2016年12月的SDO/AIA太阳极紫外图像以及1AU处ACE和WIND卫星的太阳风观测数据,确定了160个冕洞-太阳风高速流事件,定量计算了他们的特征参数,包括冕洞与太阳风高速流的开始时间、峰值时间、峰值强度和结束时间,分析了各个特征参数的分布规律,对冕洞-高速流之间的关系进行了统计研究,并提出了一种新的预报方法,为基于冕洞成像观测的太阳风高速流的精准预报提供了依据.  相似文献