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干热岩是近些年逐渐发展起来的清洁能源，指埋藏于地球表面3000 m以深，不含或含少量水或蒸汽等流体，温度在180 ℃以上且渗透率极低的岩体。对干热岩的应用主要是建立增强型地热系统进行发电。目前对干热岩的研究尚处于起步阶段,干热岩的热源、热储、形成机理、埋藏机制等都未形成完整的理论体系，干热岩的开发过程也面临诸如储层改造、高温钻探以及随钻监测等一系列的技术“瓶颈”。干热岩资源储量大，开发利用过程低碳环保、节能高效，是国际社会公认的优质清洁能源，但是干热岩研究程度低，开发难度大，需要不断的知识积累和技术积累。本文从科普的角度列举了干热岩的相关研究现状及存在的问题，以期能让更多的人对这一“能源新星”加深了解。 相似文献
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Trenton T Cladouhos Susan Petty Yini Nordin Michael Moore Kyla Grasso Matt Uddenberg Michael W Swyer 《地下水科学与工程》2014,2(3):1-7
The Newberry Volcano EGS Demonstration in central Oregon tests recent technological advances designed to reduce the cost of power generated by EGS in a hot, dry well (NWG 55-29) drilled in 2008. An EGS reservoir was created by injecting large volumes of cold water, causing existing fractures to slip in shear (known as hydroshearing) generating the seismic waves that can be used to map fracture location and size. At the Newberry Demonstration the final injectivity ranged between 1.4 and 1.7 L/s/MPa a ~6x improvement over the initial injectivity of the well. The injectivity improvement and seismic analysis indicate that previously impermeable fractures were enhanced during the NWG 55-29 stimulation. 相似文献
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干热岩资源指内部不存在或仅存在少量流体,温度高于180℃的异常高温岩体,是一种极具潜力的地热资源类型。自20世纪70年代美国Fenton Hill项目实施以来,已在全球14个国家实施了41个干热岩开发项目,以干热岩储层建造和连通的目标地层周围或上部是否存在水热型储层为标准,25个属于传统意义的干热岩开发项目,16个属于增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System或Engineered Geothermal System,缩写为EGS)。从板块构造角度分析,这些干热岩开发项目主要分布在欧亚板块板内地热域、印澳板块板内地热域、东太平洋离散—汇聚板缘型地热域、西太平洋汇聚板缘型地热域和加勒比海火山活动岛弧区。按照盆地类型划分,全球干热岩开发项目所处的大地构造背景包括克拉通盆地、前陆盆地、裂谷盆地、弧前盆地、弧后盆地、近现代火山(火山带)和褶皱带地区,其中以欧洲阿尔卑斯褶皱带磨拉石盆地为代表的前陆盆地,和以欧洲阿尔卑斯褶皱带上莱茵地堑、北美新生代科迪勒拉造山带内华达盆地为代表的裂谷盆地是全球干热岩开发项目最为集中的两种盆地类型。考虑我国干热岩资源分布情况,上莱茵地堑、内华达盆地的干热岩开发历程对我国干热岩资源的勘探和开发具有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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美国干热岩"地热能前沿瞭望台研究计划"与中美典型EGS场地勘查现状对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国能源部正在实施干热岩“地热能前沿瞭望台研究计划”(FORGE计划)。它是以经典干热岩定义的干热岩勘查开发为约束,通过增强型地热系统(EGS)示范工程建设实践,形成新一代EGS试验平台。美国本着“可复制的结果=巨大的潜力”的理念,实现干热岩勘查开发技术新突破,以满足美国1亿家庭绿色电力供应为实际应用目标。中美典型EGS场地勘查现状对比结果表明：犹他州米尔福德与青海省共和县恰卜恰两个典型EGS场地具可比性,大致处于“并跑”的水平;在天然裂隙系统、原位地应力场、压裂参数获取与压裂方案制定等方面,米尔福德EGS场地有所超前。据此建议有关部门加快青海省共和县恰卜恰EGS场地进入勘查开发阶段,以提高我国干热岩勘查开发技术水平,早日实现EGS工程化。 相似文献
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增强型地热系统:潜力大、开发难 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中讨论了为什么要开发干热岩地热资源?什么是干热岩系统和增强型地热系统?中国干热岩系统的潜力,如何发展中国的EGS以及我们可供考虑的建议。随着常规能源的不断消耗,可再生能源日益受到人类的青睐。在可再生能源中,地热能的容量最大,地热发电提供的是基本负荷,但是由于诸多因素,开发滞后。尤其是对潜力大、开发难的增强型地热系统,中国更是从研究到开发,都刚刚起步。如果地热发电的规模要超过风能及太阳能等其他新能源,不能仅靠水热型地热系统的开发利用,而必须重视和利用干热岩资源,大力研发增强型地热系统。中国干热岩系统的潜势如何呢?中国科学院地质地球物理研究所利用921个大地热流数据编制了《中国大陆地区新版热流图》以及3~10km深处不同深度温度分布图,计算了不同深度干热岩地热资源量,总数为2.09×107 EJ;其中主要分布在青藏高原,占全国总资源量的五分之一。作者们认为,干热岩资源的开发和增强型地热系统的建立是一个系统工程,地热资源的开发是一项风险投资,亚经济型的EGS风险更甚。国家必须统一安排和投资。工程项目必须学习国外的经验和吸取开发的教训。要选择关键地区进行试验和研究。作者们建议可考虑选择羊八井地热田的北部作为试验地区。 相似文献
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The paper shows thermal tests results (thermal conductivity, specific heat) carried out during the research project to recognize the potential of hot dry rocks for heat and electricity production in Poland. Analysis of such parameters of the rock medium has fundamental significance in search of structures for location of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Analyses of thermal conductivity as well as specific heat determine the possibility of effective extraction of heat from hot rock formations and its efficient transfer to the land surface. Reservoir rock should be characterized by the lowest possible porosity and permeability, and the highest possible thermal conductivity. In order to recognize reservoir parameters of rocks that form potential reservoirs for EGS, 300 samples of sedimentary rocks were taken from 11 wells located in central Poland. For samples, sizes of which enabled measurement of thermal parameters, tests of thermal conductivity and specific heat were carried out. Independently, measurements of porosity were made. The porosity magnitude determines values of measured thermal parameters. Measurements of thermal conductivity of rocks were made for 24 samples collected from Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous deposits in six wells. Measurements of specific heat on rock samples were made for 20 rock samples. Among sedimentary rocks, principally sandstones and limestones with reservoir parameters favourable for this type of systems are considered to be petrogeothermal reservoirs and are often characterized by favourable thermal parameters for EGS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A growing number of studies have focused on variations in vegetation phenology and their correlations with climatic factors. However, there has been little research on changes in spatial heterogeneity with respect to the end of the growing season (EGS) and on responses to climate change for alpine vegetation on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). In this study, the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the meteorological record from 1982 to 2012 were used to characterize the spatial pattern of variations in the EGS and their relationship to temperature and precipitation on the QTP. Over the entire study period, the EGS displayed no statistically significant trend; however, there was a strong spatial heterogeneity throughout the plateau. Those areas showing a delaying trend in the EGS were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the plateau, whereas those showing an advancing trend were mostly scattered throughout the western part. Our results also showed that change in the vegetation EGS was more closely correlated with air temperature than with precipitation. Nonetheless, the temperature sensitivity of the vegetation EGS became lower as aridity increased, suggesting that precipitation is an important regulator of the response of the vegetation EGS to climate warming. These results indicate spatial differences in key environmental influences on the vegetation EGS that must be taken into account in current phenological models, which are largely driven by temperature. 相似文献
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增强型(或工程)地热系统是指从地壳深部低孔渗的干热岩体中,采用人工工程方法形成储层,经济地采出具有相当数量的热能.这种早期被称之为干热岩的技术首次在美国新墨西哥州芬登山得到示范.本文以芬登山增强型地热系统为例,通过综述其发展历程,论述了增强型地热系统钻井与储层激发、工质流动与储层测试、储层性能评价等关键问题,总结了从芬登山增强型地热系统研究中获得的认识和启示.芬登山地热项目发展的经验表明,增强型地热储层是通过重新打开本来存在、但被密封的、多重连通的节理组,或通过水力压裂创造新的流动通道和换热面,利用复杂裂隙网络中的流循环,从储层系统中开采热能.芬登山实践表明,在稳态条件下增强型地热系统的持续运行是可能的,芬登山地热项目对世界和我国深层地热发展具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
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人工压裂是获取干热岩型地热资源的关键环节,压裂后的人工裂隙带结构对开采条件下水热传递过程具有重要控制作用。结合我国共和盆地干热岩储层地质条件,采用数值模拟方法着重分析干热岩不同产状人工裂隙带的渗透率与宽度对热储中水热传递过程的影响机理,明确不同人工裂隙结构条件下水热产出能力,进而优化井间距。结果表明:当人工裂隙带渗透率较小时（小于5 D）,裂隙带规模越大,开采井温度越高;当渗透率较大时（大于10 D）,在水平裂隙带中,随着裂隙带规模的增加,由于注入冷水的快速扩散导致整体低温区域增加,开采井温度反而降低。在水平裂隙带中注入冷水主要为水平向流动,随着渗透率的增加,开采井温度更易受注入冷水的影响而降低;但在垂直裂隙带及倾斜裂隙带中,随着渗透率的增加,垂向自由对流增强,注入冷水更易于向储层底部高温区域流动,经加热后到达开采井,使得开采温度提升。综合比较,同一井间距条件下,低渗水平裂隙带以及高渗垂直裂隙带的产热能力较其他裂隙带更强。 相似文献