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1.
王祥  王冰  马海龙  王斌  娄洪  屈洋  雷鸣  刘一锋 《地质学报》2023,97(3):888-896
西昆仑山前柯深—柯东地区断裂构造活动剧烈,在浅部地层中存在压力系数高达2.1的极高超压,对于这种超压分布特征和形成机制的研究和认识对钻井工程和油气运移研究具有十分重要的意义。综合储层实测压力、间接估算的泥岩地层压力以及超压地层岩石力学与物性的关系等资料,并结合研究区断裂发育条件和油气运移史,分析了地层压力分布特征和主控机制。结果表明,西昆仑山前柯深和柯东两地区在古近系—白垩系储层中各自形成了相对统一的异常压力系统,系统内地层压力向深部以静水压力梯度增加,储层压力大于附近泥岩压力。研究区储层压力分布特征与深部流体沿开启性断裂的向上传递密切相关。在此基础上,估算了压力传递量,并探讨了影响压力传递量的地质因素。柯深和柯东地区断裂传递增压量分别为15.0~34.0 MPa和8.1~16.5 MPa,与实测总剩余压力的比值分别为24.2%~67.2%和23.4%~53.7%。两个地区断裂传递增压量的差异主要受断裂发育及其与地层的空间配置关系的影响。  相似文献   
2.
川东褶皱带作为华南板块中部的“侏罗山式”褶皱,开始形成于晚古生代.自白垩纪晚期开始,受太平洋板块和印度板块对欧亚大陆挤压的影响,这一构造带乃至华南板块中部又叠加了新的构造变形.但是,目前对于川东褶皱带白垩纪以来的构造演化缺乏足够的认识.位于川东褶皱带东侧、雪峰造山带西麓的沅麻盆地形成于早白垩世.晚白垩世以来,沅麻盆地与川东褶皱带处于同一构造应力场中,因此对盆地内早白垩世红层的古地磁研究对于解释川东褶皱带中生代晚期以来的构造演化有着重要的意义.该研究在沅麻盆地早白垩世红层中开展的古地磁学研究获得了可靠的原生剩磁分量:Ds=15.6°,Is=42.9°,k=118.6,α95=2.6°,表明沅麻盆地自早白垩世以来发生了4.1°±3.0°的顺时针构造转动.对川东褶皱带周缘白垩纪古地磁数据所揭示的地壳旋转变形,与断裂和褶皱轴组成的构造线迹变化之间的线性相关性分析,表明川东褶皱带位于齐岳山断裂带东南侧的部分,受印度板块-欧亚大陆、太平洋板块-华南板块间的挤压作用,自晚白垩世以来累积了约50~93 km的右旋错断量.  相似文献   
3.
Soil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land-use changes and climatic variability are hindering the actions needed to future-proof Tanzanian land-use practices. Complementary environmental diagnostic tools were applied to reconstruct the rates and sources of sedimentation over time in three Tanzanian river systems that have experienced changing land use and climatic conditions. Detailed historical analysis of sediment deposits revealed drastic changes in sediment yield and source contributions. Quantitative sedimentation reconstruction using radionuclide dating showed a 20-fold increase in sediment yield over the past 120 years. The observed dramatic increase in sediment yield is most likely driven by increasing land-use pressures. Deforestation, cropland expansion and increasing grazing pressures resulted into accelerating rates of sheet erosion. A regime shift after years of progressive soil degradation and convergence of surface flows resulted into a highly incised landscape, where high amounts of eroded soil from throughout the catchment are rapidly transported downstream by strongly connected ephemeral drainage networks. By integrating complementary spatial and temporal evidence bases, this study demonstrated links between land-use change, increased soil erosion and downstream sedimentation. Such evidence can guide stakeholders and policy makers in the design of targeted management interventions to safeguard future soil health and water quality.  相似文献   
4.
Amik Lake or, historically, Lake of Antioch, was a large freshwater body in the lower Orontes River basin (Hatay Province, Turkey) that was drained in the 1940s–1970s. Several endemic animal species were described from this lake, including the freshwater mussel Anodonta pseudodopsis Locard, 1883 (Bivalvia: Unionidae) characterized by a large rounded shell covered by a peculiar yellow or yellowish-brown periostracum. Molecular analyses of topotypes of this nominal taxon collected from the former lake’s tributaries in the Amik Plain indicate that it is an intra-specific lineage of the widespread Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) based on the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA, and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene fragments. Geometric morphometric analyses using the lectotype and topotypes of Anodonta pseudodopsis support our DNA-based hypothesis on the status of this nominal taxon. A new synonymy is provided as follows: Anodonta anatina = Anodonta pseudodopsis syn. nov. The syntype of Anodonta pseudodopsis SMF 5129 “See von Antiochia” (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany) is designated here to be the lectotype of this nominal taxon. Finally, we conclude that Anodonta anatina range covers the Orontes River basin in Turkey and Syria and the Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali River in the Latakia Governorate of Syria. This intraspecific lineage of Anodonta anatina and other freshwater mussels of the Middle East are highly threatened due to multiple anthropogenic impacts and must be a focus of international conservation efforts. The Karasu River in eastern Turkey hosts viable populations of all freshwater mussel species of the Orontes’s fauna and can be considered one of the most important water bodies for the conservation of these imperiled animals in the region.  相似文献   
5.
We compare the ability of coupled global climate models from the phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively) in simulating the temperature and precipitation climatology and interannual variability over China for the period 1961–2005 and the climatological East Asian monsoon for the period1979–2005. All 92 models are able to simulate the geographical distribution of the above variables reasonably well.Compared with earlier CMIP5 models, current CMIP6 models have nationally weaker cold biases, a similar nationwide overestimation of precipitation and a weaker underestimation of the southeast–northwest precipitation gradient, a comparable overestimation of the spatial variability of the interannual variability, and a similar underestimation of the strength of winter monsoon over northern Asia. Pairwise comparison indicates that models have improved from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for climatological temperature and precipitation and winter monsoon but display little improvement for the interannual temperature and precipitation variability and summer monsoon. The ability of models relates to their horizontal resolutions in certain aspects. Both the multi-model arithmetic mean and median display similar skills and outperform most of the individual models in all considered aspects.  相似文献   
6.
人类活动和自然因素共同但有区别的作用引起了长江口及邻近海域富营养化,造成夏季底层水体低氧现象加剧,成为近海生态健康恶化的重要征兆。本文梳理了国内外学者在该海域低氧研究中获得的重要认识,分析了底层水体溶解氧的潮周期尺度、事件尺度和年际尺度的变化特征,重点从层化与物质输运角度,介绍了长江冲淡水、台湾暖流、海洋锋面、风和潮等过程影响底层水体中氧气消耗或补充的机制,揭示了本海域主要低氧现象分别位于长江口和浙江近海的特征,对比了两处低氧区形成与演变的异同机制。目前,对低氧形成机制的定性认识和多尺度变化特征的了解已经有较好的基础,未来需要从多学科交叉角度加强现场试验和定量研究,掌握低氧的长期演变趋势,研发底层水体低氧的预测预警技术,支撑我国河口近海的生态预警监测工作。  相似文献   
7.
滇西地区二叠纪—三叠纪岩浆岩展布还不清楚,导致相关古特提斯构造演化模型还存在争议。本文对兰坪-思茅盆地西缘水泄地区的辉长岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素、全岩主微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨了岩石成因及地质意义。水泄辉长岩2件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为237.8±3.4 Ma和240.8±3.3 Ma,代表其结晶年龄,属于中三叠世。样品具有较高的Na2O/K2O(3.81~49.14),明显富集Ba、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,稀土元素弱分馏,轻稀土弱富集,δEu值为0.87~1.07,无明显的Eu异常。锆石εHf(t)值全为正值,主要介于+5.67~+15.75,全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.70453~0.70776,εNd(t)值全为正值,介于+4.9~+5.2。地球化学特征显示水泄辉长岩来源于亏损地幔的部分熔融,在岩浆演化过程中发生了镁铁质矿物和铁钛矿物的分离结晶作用。水泄...  相似文献   
8.
王治安 《地质与勘探》2023,59(3):533-544
巴隆河西金矿床是东昆仑金成矿带近年来新发现的金矿床,其形成时代、地质特征与矿床类型尚不明确。本次在详细野外地质调查的基础上,通过构造-蚀变填图、锆石U-Pb定年和综合对比等方法,研究巴隆河西矿床的成矿特征和岩体侵位时代,以确定该矿床的成因类型与成矿时代。构造-蚀变填图发现巴隆河西矿床的金矿化赋存于花岗质岩体的9条构造蚀变带,明确了5个金矿体呈带状分布于北西西向断裂中,揭示金矿化与高岭土化、褐铁矿化、硅化和黄铁矿化等蚀变密切相关。赋含金矿化的花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,其侵位时代分别为202.5±1.8 Ma和222.1±1.1Ma,属于印支晚期,约束了巴隆河西金矿的形成时代。结合区域岩浆活动时限、巴隆金矿地质特征、矿体产状与中低温矿物组合特征,提出巴隆河西矿床为造山带型金矿,推断逆断层及其伴随的热液活动是巴隆河西矿床金元素活化、迁移和富集的关键因素,指出北西西向构造蚀变带是该区带金矿成矿的有利部位。  相似文献   
9.
The Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin(material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I-type to S-type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I-type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S-type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture-type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.  相似文献   
10.
在西昆仑大红柳滩-俘虏沟地区,以WorldView-2高空间分辨率数据为主要信息源,在标准影像图制作基础上,针对性地进行图像增强处理,突出相关控矿要素和矿化信息,开展地质矿产遥感解译;利用ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变有关的遥感异常信息提取,配合适量的野外调查验证,发现了4种极具找矿前景的矿化带类型:①大红柳滩(含稀有金属)花岗伟晶岩带1处;②大红柳滩层控型铁多金属矿化带1处;③俘虏沟燕山期花岗岩有关热液脉型铁、铅、银、铜矿化区1处;④俘虏沟层控型含铜铅锌银的菱铁-赤铁矿矿化带4处;通过遥感综合分析,圈定遥感找矿靶区11处,其中A级遥感找矿靶区5处、B级遥感找矿靶区3处、C级遥感找矿靶区3处,为后续区域地质矿产调查项目规划部署和矿产资源勘查评价提供依据。因此,高分遥感技术在西昆仑地区矿产地质综合调查中作用显著,可实现找矿工作的快速突破,值得在相同或类似区域进一步推广应用。  相似文献   
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