Conversion relationship of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater in Quaternary thick cohesive soil in Jianghan Plain,Hubei Province,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472

The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas.  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《China Geology》2020,3(3):402-410

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.  相似文献   

Climate Change and Human Impacts on Hydroclimatic Variability in the Reno River Catchment,Northern Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Donatella Pavanelli  Antonina Capra 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(5):535-545

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Growing Political: Violence,Community Forestry,and Environmental Defender Subjectivity     

Hollie Grant 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):768-789

Why do environmental defenders continue to participate in community-based efforts to protect the environment despite threats to their lives and minimal success in deterring or punishing offenders? Examining Community Forestry initiatives in Cambodia, we find that forest protection is not only a means to gain environmental, economic, or social benefits, but also a means for forest defenders to assert themselves as political actors in relation to the state and other citizens. Rather than simply repressing and disciplining forest dwelling populations, violence against defenders shapes their subjectivity and re-politicizes their lives. Distinguishing between various forms of violence associated with different illicit forest users, we highlight how forest protection becomes a means of political self-expression and rights-based resistance as forest defenders reinterpret direct violence through experiences and understandings of structural and symbolic violence. Participation in CF thus unlocks ways of being political and contesting oppressive structures while acting within sanctioned institutions.  相似文献   

亚热带地区发育于不同母岩风化壳上的红壤磁学特征对比及其环境意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑兴芬  吕镔  陈梓炫  马兴悦  赵国永 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3509-3523

本研究对发育于亚热带地区花岗岩和变质岩风化壳之上的两个红壤剖面进行了系统的环境磁学测量及色度分析，探讨在同一地区不同母质上发育的红壤磁性差异的原因及其环境意义.研究区的两个剖面分别位于福建省南平市高铁北站和纺织厂附近，相距约15 km，气候条件基本相同.研究结果表明：（1）较强磁性的花岗岩母质层上发育的南平北站红壤（NPN），在发育过程因母质层中多畴（MD）颗粒磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿溶解，剖面上部的淋溶层和淀积层虽以较细的稳定单畴（SSD）颗粒和少量的假单畴（PSD）颗粒磁铁矿为主，但剖面磁性自下而上减弱.相较而言，南纺红壤（NF）剖面发育在磁性较弱的变质砂岩上，其过渡层和母质层以赤铁矿为主，因成壤过程中生成较细的超顺磁（SP）磁铁矿使得土壤淋溶层和淀积层磁性增强；说明母质不同是亚热带地区红壤磁性差异的主要原因.（2） NPN和NF两个剖面的气候条件基本相同，磁性差异比色度指标差异更为显著.亚热带地区因剖面受母质影响显著，整体磁性特征不能反映气候；黄度和红度的比值（b^*/a^*）远小于磁性的差异，说明针铁矿和赤铁矿的比值更能反映研究区的平均气候状况，即反映次生磁性矿物含量的参数为更适合的气候指标.  相似文献   

基于面板数据的海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展影响的实证研究          下载免费PDF全文

何林涛  陈璇 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(2):17-21

文章基于我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)海洋环境和海洋经济的面板数据,将海洋产业结构和海洋产业劳动力要素投入作为控制变量,构建双对数面板数据模型,就海洋环境污染对海洋经济发展的影响进行实证分析。结果表明:海洋环境污染与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系,海洋产业结构与海洋经济发展存在正相关关系,海洋产业劳动力要素投入与海洋经济发展存在负相关关系。基于此,为促进海洋经济的可持续发展,提出加强海洋环境保护和治理、优化升级海洋产业结构以及培养和引进海洋专业人才的建议。  相似文献   

不同发展模式下资源环境承载力评价——以海南省为例     

牛方曲  杨欣雨  孙东琪 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1109-1116

文章关注于产业、人口与资源环境要素的作用关系，建构了资源环境承载力综合评价框架，并以海南省为案例区开展应用研究。该框架首先对区域产业重要性进行评价并分级，为产业结构调整提供依据；其次解析了区域产业、人口资源消耗与污染排放强度，最后，基于产业评价结果设定不同的产业结构调整情景，结合产业和人口的资源消耗与污染排放强度评价不同产业结构下的资源环境承载力，即产业和人口的规模上限。结果表明：2016年海南省的经济规模并未超载，产业有进一步发展空间。其中土地资源成为海南省发展的首要限制因素，其次是水环境；海南经济效益较高的支柱产业和基础性产业多为高耗水、高污染的产业，亟需加强水资源的集约利用，并降低污染排放强度。为提升经济发展规模上限，需要培育低能耗、低排放的产业。文章建构的资源环境承载力评价方法将产业、人口与资源环境相联系，其评价结果政策意义更为明确，可为优化产业结构调整、控制产业及人口发展规模提供决策参考。  相似文献   

The effect of varied dam release mechanisms and storage volume on downstream river thermal regimes     

《Limnologica》2020

Temperature plays an essential role in the ecology and biology of aquatic ecosystems. The use of dams to store and subsequently re-regulate river flows can have a negative impact on the natural thermal regime of rivers, causing thermal pollution of downstream river ecosystems. Autonomous thermal loggers were used to measure temperature changes downstream of a large dam on the Macquarie River, in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin to quantify the effect of release mechanisms and dam storage volume on the downstream thermal regime. The magnitude of thermal pollution in the downstream river was affected by different release mechanisms, including bottom-level outlet releases, a thermal curtain (which draws water from above the hypolimnion), and spill-way release. Dam storage volume was linked to the magnitude of thermal pollution downstream; high storage volumes were related to severe thermal suppressions, with an approximate 10 °C difference occurring when water originated from high and low storage volumes. Downstream temperatures were 8 ̶ 10 °C higher when surface releases were used via a thermal curtain and the spillway to mitigate cold water pollution that frequently occurs in the river. Demonstrating the effectiveness of engineering and operational strategies used to mitigate cold water pollution highlight their potential contribution to fish conservation, threatened species recovery and environmental remediation of aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

A global comparison of carbon-water-food nexus based on dietary consumption     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Exploring the environmental impact of dietary consumption has become increasingly important to understand the carbon-water-food nexus, vital to achieving UN sustainable development goals. However, the research on diet-based nexus assessment is still lacking. Here, we developed an Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output (EE-MRIO) model with compiling a global MRIO table based on the latest Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) 10 database, where we specifically constructed a water withdrawal account and matched it to each economy at the sectoral level. The regional heterogeneity and synergy of carbon-water nexus affected by dietary patterns in nine countries was explored. The results show that: (1) Dietary consumption is the main use of water withdrawal for each country; Japan, the US, South Korea, and India have a high per capita dietary water footprint. Mainly due to consumption of processed rice, Japan has the highest per capita value of 488 M³/year, accounting for 63.4% of the total water footprint. (2) The total dietary carbon footprints in China, India, and the US are high, which is mainly caused by the high consumption of animal products (including dairy) either due to the large population (China, India) or animal-based diet (the US). Americans have the highest per capita dietary carbon footprint, reaching 755.4 kg/year, 2.76 times that of the global average. (3) Generally, imported/foreign footprints account for a greater share in dietary water and carbon footprints of developed countries with an animal-based diet. (4) In the nexus analysis, the US, Japan, and South Korea are key-nexus countries, vegetables, fruit and nuts, tobacco and beverages, and other food products are selected as key-nexus sectors with relatively high dietary water and carbon footprint. Furthermore, dietary consumption choices lead to different environmental impacts. It is particularly important to find a sustainable dietary route adapted to each country considering that heterogeneity and synergism exist in key-nexus sectors to achieve the relevant Sustainable Development Goals.  相似文献   

Navigating climate crises in the Great Barrier Reef     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

A dramatic escalation of extreme climate events is challenging the capacity of environmental governance regimes to sustain and improve ecosystem outcomes. It has been argued that actors within adaptive governance regimes can help to steer environmental systems toward sustainability in times of crisis. Yet there is little empirical evidence of how acute climate crises are navigated by actors operating within adaptive governance regimes, and the factors that influence their responses. Here, we qualitatively assessed the actions key governance actors took in response to back-to-back mass coral bleaching – an extreme climate event – of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017, and explored their perceptions of barriers and catalysts to these responses. This research was, in part, a product of collaboration and knowledge co-production with Great Barrier Reef governance actors aimed at improving responses to climate crises in the region. We found five major categories of activity that actors engaged with in the wake of recurrent mass coral bleaching: assessing the scale and extent of bleaching, sharing information, communicating bleaching to the public, building local resilience, and addressing global threats. These actions were both catalyzed and hindered by a range of factors that fall within different domains of adaptive capacity; such as assets, social organization, and agency. We discuss the implications of our findings as they relate to existing research on adaptive capacity and adaptive governance. We conclude by coalescing insights from our interviews and a participant engagement process to highlight four key ways in which the ability of governance actors, and the Great Barrier Reef governance regime more broadly, can be better prepared for, and more effectively respond to extreme climate events. Our research provides empirical insight into how crises are experienced by governance actors in a large-scale environmental system, potentially providing lessons for similar systems across the globe.  相似文献