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1.
厄立特里亚Augaro金矿床产于努比亚地盾新元古代变质火山岩中,矿体主要赋存于片理化安山岩内,受北北东向断裂与近东西向次级断裂控制.对矿床主要含金石英脉型矿石与蚀变岩型矿石进行碳氢氧硫同位素研究显示,成矿流体的δDw-H2O范围为-68.7‰～-49.4‰,δ18 Ow-H2O范围为-1.9‰～4.9‰,δ13 CV-PBD范围为-15.9‰～-10.9‰,石英脉型金矿石硫同位素组成以较小的正值为特征,变化范围为0.18‰～0.63‰,而蚀变岩型金矿石硫同位素组成偏低,以较大负值为特征,变化范围为-7.07‰～-6.86‰,表明Augaro金矿床成矿流体主要来源于变质热液,伴有岩浆水与大气降水的混合,矿区地层与岩浆物质为金矿床的形成提供大量成矿物质. 相似文献
3.
Groundwater study using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in the central highlands of Eritrea 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Remote sensing, evaluation of digital elevation models (DEM), geographic information systems (GIS) and fieldwork techniques were combined to study the groundwater conditions in Eritrea. Remote sensing data were interpreted to produce lithological and lineament maps. DEM was used for lineament and geomorphologic mapping. Field studies permitted the study of structures and correlated them with lineament interpretations. Hydrogeological setting of springs and wells were investigated in the field, from well logs and pumping test data. All thematic layers were integrated and analysed in a GIS. Results show that groundwater occurrence is controlled by lithology, structures and landforms. Highest yields occur in basaltic rocks and are due to primary and secondary porosities. High yielding wells and springs are often related to large lineaments, lineament intersections and corresponding structural features. In metamorphic and igneous intrusive rocks with rugged landforms, groundwater occurs mainly in drainage channels with valley fill deposits. Zones of very good groundwater potential are characteristic for basaltic layers overlying lateritized crystalline rocks, flat topography with dense lineaments and structurally controlled drainage channels with valley fill deposits. The overall results demonstrate that the use of remote sensing and GIS provide potentially powerful tools to study groundwater resources and design a suitable exploration plan.The online version of the original article can be found at 相似文献
4.
Application of the Spatially Smoothed Seismicity and Monte Carlo Methods to Estimate the Seismic Hazard of Eritrea and the Surrounding Region 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The region of interest is characterized by incomplete data sets and little information about the tectonic features. Therefore,
two methodologies for estimating seismic hazard were used in order to elucidate the robustness of the results: the method
of spatially smoothed seismicity introduced by Frankel (1995) and later extended by Lapajne et al. (1997) and a Monte Carlo approach presented by Ebel and Kafka (1999). In the first method, fault-rupture oriented elliptical
Gaussian smoothing was performed to estimate future activity rates along the causative structures. Peak ground accelerations
were computed for a grid size of 15 km × 415 km assuming the centre of the grids as epicentres, from which the seismic hazard
map was produced. The attenuation relationship by Ambraseys et al. (1996) was found suitable for the region under study. PGA values for 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years (return period
of 475 years) were computed for each model and a combined seismic hazard map was produced by subjectively assigning weights
to each of these models. A worst-case map is also obtained by picking the highest value at each grid point from values of
the four hazard maps. The Monte Carlo method is used to estimate seismic hazard, for comparison to the results from our previous
approach. Results obtained from both methods are comparable except values in the first set of maps estimate greater hazard
in areas of low seismicity. Both maps indicate a higher hazard along the main tectonic features of the east African and Red
Sea rift systems. Within Eritrea, the highest PGA exceeded a value 25% of g, located north of Red Sea port of Massawa. In
areas around the capital, Asmara, PGA values exceed 10% of g. 相似文献
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6.
厄立特里亚Koka金矿床产于努比亚地盾新元古代浅变质岩系中,矿体主要赋存于Koka微晶花岗岩内,受剪切构造控制,是在该国发现的大型造山型金矿床。矿床含金石英脉中石英中赋存的原生流体包裹体分为富CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体和H_2O包裹体共3种类型,以大量发育富CO_2包裹体与CO_2-H_2O包裹体为特征。成矿流体具有富CO_2、中低温(210～360℃)、中低盐度(w(NaCl_(eq))=2.24%～8.51%)的特征。流体中阳离子主要为Na~+与少量K~+,阴离子为Cl~-与少量SO_4~(2-),气相成分主要为CO_2与H_2O,基本不含其他气体组分,流体属于NaCl-H_2O-CO_2体系。成矿流体密度变化范围较大(0.597～0.969 g/cm~3),其中高密度的富CO_2包裹体捕获的最小P-T条件为260～360℃、100～270 MPa,形成于区域变质作用时期。成矿流体的δD_(V-SMOW)范围为-57‰～-50.1‰,δ~(18)O_水范围为1.4‰～3.2‰,表明Koka金矿床成矿流体主要来源于变质热液,并伴有大气降水的混入。成矿流体中CO_2-H_2O包裹体气相分数变化范围很大(15%～80%),与之共生的H_2O包裹体具有相似的盐度以及较低的均一温度,表明初始的CO_2-H_2O型流体发生了不混溶作用,导致相分离,产生的大量富CO_2流体,并使金大量沉淀。 相似文献
7.
本文从控制热液运输通道的断裂密度、代表成矿物质来源的地球化学因子(异常,背景)、反映成矿围岩构成的卫星重力分布三个(共四个证据)对金矿具有显著指示意义的找矿指标入手,通过与现有已发现的金矿床进行比对检验后得到最佳的找矿证据.应用证据权模型,首次评估了厄立特里亚全国范围内不同区域发现金矿床的概率.依据计算得到的后验概率结果,在10％,30％及65％三个概率区间分别估计了未发现金矿床个数.结合北部非洲金矿床的吨位品位分布模型,估计得到了在三个概率区间下的厄立特里亚金矿的国家储量和资源量.按照发现金矿概率由高到低,在工作区划分了3级找矿有利区.结果显示,厄立特里亚具有良好的金矿的找矿潜力,除传统的北北东向与北北西向金矿成矿带外,两者的北方结合部位及其南部连通区域需要重点关注.通过与传统野外地质踏勘得到的厄特现有的成矿区带对比表明,本次划分的找矿远景不仅包含了传统的金矿成矿带,且在厄特南部发现了之前并未引起关注的带状区域,为厄特金矿找矿提供了新的探索方向.多方证据也表明,两条成矿带的结合部,也值得更多的关注.与其他方法得到的厄立特里亚的金矿储量资源量数据相比,本次估算结果首次给出了厄特特里亚金矿在不同概率空间下的储量资源量结果,对进一步摸清厄特的金矿潜力提供了更加精准的数据支撑. 相似文献
8.
Groundwater study using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in the central highlands of Eritrea 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Remote sensing, evaluation of digital elevation models (DEM), geographic information systems (GIS) and fieldwork techniques were combined to study the groundwater conditions in Eritrea. Remote sensing data were interpreted to produce lithological and lineament maps. DEM was used for lineament and geomorphologic mapping. Field studies permitted the study of structures and correlated them with lineament interpretations. Hydrogeological setting of springs and wells were investigated in the field, from well logs and pumping test data. All thematic layers were integrated and analysed in a GIS. Results show that groundwater occurrence is controlled by lithology, structures and landforms. Highest yields occur in basaltic rocks and are due to primary and secondary porosities. High yielding wells and springs are often related to large lineaments, lineament intersections and corresponding structural features. In metamorphic and igneous intrusive rocks with rugged landforms, groundwater occurs mainly in drainage channels with valley fill deposits. Zones of very good groundwater potential are characteristic for basaltic layers overlying lateritized crystalline rocks, flat topography with dense lineaments and structurally controlled drainage channels with valley fill deposits. The overall results demonstrate that the use of remote sensing and GIS provide potentially powerful tools to study groundwater resources and design a suitable exploration plan.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
9.
The Senafe area reveals a pile of stratoid volcanic rocks (“Senafe” ignimbrite), of considerable extent and thickness, which are the products of the first volcanic event which took place in this sector, close to the upper margin of the Afar escarpment.The Senafe ignimbrite is composed prevalently of trachyte with differing degrees of alkalinity: trachy-dacite of transitional series, and trachyte s.s. of mildly alkaline series. K/Ar radiometric measurements carried out on three samples give ages ranging between 21 and 23 Ma (Lower Miocene) and show that the Senafe ignimbrite with transitional character is an extension of the Serae rhyolite of the Central Eritrean Plateau, and may also be correlated with the Miocene Alaji rhyolite of the Central Ethiopian Plateau. In contrast, the more alkaline ignimbrite shows good correlations with the trachyte emitted by the Miocene Termaber alkaline central volcanoes of Ethiopia.It is noted that, in the course of the Miocene volcanism in Eritrea, the volumetric ratio between associated basalt and ignimbrite diminishes from west to east, i.e., approaching the Afar escarpment.The stratoid volcanic rocks are injected by thick trachytic and rhyolitic dykes. As radiometric measurements on them could not be performed, their age is unknown, but it is probably more recent than that of the injected ignimbrite, according to Merla and Minucci [Merla, G., Minucci, E., 1938. Missione geologica nel Tigrai. In: La serie dei terreni, vol. 1. Regia Accademia d’Italia, Centro Studi per l’Africa Orientale Italiana, Rome, Italy, pp. 1–362] for similar dykes and domes occurring in the Adwa-Axum area (Tigrai, Ethiopia), not far from Senafe.A section is devoted to the dyke feeders of the Eritrean and Adwa-Axum volcanism. 相似文献
10.
The Augaro volcano-sedimentary assemblages of western Eritrea are part of the Neoproterozoic, N-S trending belt of low-grade volcano-sedimentary and associated plutonic rocks. In contrast to the volcanic-dominated oceanic-arc assemblages in central Eritrea, the predominant rock types in the west are supracrustal sequences of sedimentary origin with subordinate volcanic rocks. These Augaro supracrustal rocks are overlain, unconformably, by a basin-fill metasedimentary succession known as the Gulgula Group. The Augaro metavolcanic rocks are tholeiitic and range in composition from basalt to basaltic andesite. Comparison of trace element characteristics and N-MORB-normalised spidergrams of these rocks with those of modern volcanic environments and age-comparable metavolcanic rocks of known tectonic association from the Arabian-Nubian Shield suggest that the volcanic assemblages from western Eritrea were generated in a back-arc tectonic setting.
Single zircon Pb-Pb evaporation and vapour-transfer U-Pb analyses of magmatic zircons from pre/syn-tectonic granites yield a mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 849±20 Ma and an upper concordia intercept age of 849±26 Ma. These ages are interpreted to represent the time of major magmatism in western Eritrea and are comparable to ages of early arc magmatism in central and northern Eritrea and in the southern Nubian Shield. Initial eNd values and initial Sr isotope ratios of whole-rock samples of magmatic rocks calculated for an age of 850 Ma range from +4.0 to +7.1 and 0.7026 to 0.7037, respectively. Single zircon 207Pb/206Pb ages, initial eNd value and Sr isotope ratio for a granitic clast in the Gulgula metaconglomerate suggest that the source area for the Gulgula metasedimentary rocks is similar to the surrounding Neoproterozoic rocks of western Eritrea. 相似文献