N油田A油组钙质隔夹层地质特征及成因分析     

廖明光  黄志强  廖纪佳  梁文锋  张航  潘柯宇 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(1):26-34

在油田开发过程中,隔夹层控制油气水运动规律,对于寻找剩余油具有重要控制作用。本文以N油田TF组2段A油组为研究对象,通过薄片、岩心测试、测井、碳氧同位素等资料综合分析,研究其钙质隔夹层的分布特征、岩石学特征、物性特征、测井识别特征,并从沉积环境、物质来源、成岩作用相结合的角度分析钙质隔夹层的成因。研究表明,A油组纵向上发育的三套钙质隔夹层主要发育在前滨滩坝沉积微相,顶钙与底钙的岩性以砂质生屑质灰岩为主,中钙为钙质砂岩;三套钙质隔夹层中生物碎屑主要以腕足、腹足、有孔虫为主,含少量棘皮、瓣鳃、红藻、介形虫、苔藓虫等;成岩作用主要为胶结作用,胶结物类型包含早期方解石胶结物、中期铁方解石胶结物、晚期铁白云石胶结物;碳氧同位素分析表明,隔夹层中碳主要来自于沉积过程中的海水,同时有少量来自于大气淡水和有机酸,Ca~(2+)主要来源于生物碎屑,其次为钙长石溶解、铝硅酸盐矿物的水化作用。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian organic-rich shales in the Northwest of Guizhong Depression,Southwest China     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):567-574

In order to figure out the redox conditions and paleo-sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian shales in the northwest of Guizhong Depression, the trace element analysis was conducted on the Middle Devonian cores (320.35–938.50 m) of the typical shale gas investigation well (GY-1) at a 1.50 m sampling interval through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the test result, the average values of V/(V+Ni), V/Cr and Ni/Co in Nabiao formation (Fm.) are larger than 0.67, 4.65 and 7.71 respectively, and Nabiao Fm. is rich in biological assemblages such as tabasheer, ammonite, etc. These evidences indicate the rising sea level rose relatively in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm. and a deepwater shelf environment, which was favorable for the preservation of organic matters. The V/(V+Ni), V/Cr and Ni/Co in Luofu Fm. and Tangting Fm. are 0.38–0.65, 0.73–4.10 and 3.70–6.72 respectively, indicating that the sea level dropped relatively in their sedimentation period, during which the water bodies became shallow, and the sedimentary environment was a weak oxidizing shallow water shelf environment. In addition, the variation of TOC has a high correlation with the enrichment degree of Ba element, indicating the favorable conditions for the enrichment and preservation of organic matters under an oxygen-deficient environment. Moreover, according to the identification of trace element indexes, the northwest of Guizhong Depression experienced the sedimentary cycle of relative rise to relative fall of sea level from bottom to top in the Middle Devonian sedimentation period. The relative sea level rose to the highest in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm., in which the organic-rich shales with stable thickness and high organic content were deposited. Hence, the Nabiao Fm. could be regarded as the favorable exploration target interval in this area.  相似文献   

The tunnel seismic advance prediction method with wide illumination and a high signal-to-noise ratio     

Xinglin Lu  Xian Liao  Yao Wang  Guimei Wang  Zhihong Fu  HengMing Tai 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(8):2444-2458

Tunnel seismic prediction is widely used in the field of tunnel seismic advance detection. The illumination of the target and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data are two key factors affecting the precision of data interpretation. Current seismic prospecting has shortcomings on sites: (1) The lighting shots are solely towards one side of the tunnel wall, (2) the geophones are placed far away from the tunnel face and (3) the surface waves from the tunnel wall dominate over the reflection waves, lowering the signal-to-noise ratio of the data at the tunnel wall. This paper proposes a tunnel symmetrical geometry to tackle the above challenges. The arrangement is to place 12 sources uniformly on each side of the tunnel wall and six geophones on the tunnel wall and face. Results of simulated data and measured data show that the proposed method enables (1) broad illumination of the target body, (2) the enhancement of illumination energy of the target body, and (3) higher data signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed symmetrical geometry method provides better interpretation in terms of broader coverage, higher quality and greater distance of investigation.  相似文献   

中国地质灾害防治成效与问题对策     

刘传正  陈春利 《工程地质学报》2020,28(2):375-383

文章回顾了中国地质灾害调查评价、监测预警、综合防治、应急响应、信息化建设、技术装备、技术标准、学术研究、行业进步和法治化建设等工作业绩。中国地质灾害造成的遇难人数1995~2000年年均死亡失踪1205人,2001~2005年均死亡失踪884人,2006~2010年均死亡失踪776人(2010年数据不含甘肃舟曲县城山洪泥石流造成的1765人死亡失踪),2011~2017年均死亡失踪395人,2018年死亡失踪112人。2001~2010年发生地质灾害总数量194702处,平均1.947万处/年;直接经济损失385.3亿元,平均38.5亿元/年,平均19.8万元/处。2011~2018年发生地质灾害总数量为84718处,平均1.06万处/年;直接经济损失355.7亿元,平均44.5亿元/年,平均41.9万元/处。2001年以来城乡社区直接经济损失占国家GDP的比例不断下降,平均年降率为0.016‰。地质灾害成功预报数量占地质灾害总数的比例从2003的5%上升到2018年的20%左右。经过采取各种减灾措施,城乡社区需要应急避险人数逐渐减少。总结了存在的问题和面临的形势,如防灾文化建设薄弱、法制不健全和直接经济损失统计局限于城乡社区而未覆盖工程建设行业的地质灾害等。提出了地质灾害防治要建立政府、企业、个人、社会(包括保险业)和科技界五位一体的防灾减灾“伙伴”关系等对策。  相似文献   

中国沿海常见蜑螺科贝类的DNA条形码   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张晓洁  孔令锋  李琪 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):614-623

DNA条形码不仅为物种鉴定提供了有效方法,而且也有助于分类学和生物多样性研究。本研究旨在探讨将COI和16S rRNA基因序列应用于中国沿海蜑螺科贝类物种鉴定的可行性,获得了该科3属7种贝类61个个体的COI和16S rRNA基因序列。基于COI基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00—1.29%,平均为0.67%;属内种间遗传距离为4.62%—19.25%,平均为13.02%;基于16S rRNA基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00%—0.48%,平均为0.23%;属内种间遗传距离为2.47%—8.48%,平均为6.37%。两种基因序列在所研究的蜑螺中,种内遗传差异均小于种间遗传差异,存在明显的条形码间隙,所有物种在系统发生树上都表现为独立的单系群。结果表明,线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因序列可以作为DNA条形码标准基因对蜑螺科贝类进行有效地物种鉴定。  相似文献   

虾夷扇贝TET基因在配子发生和早期发育中的表达模式     

李仰平  张玲玲  李若佼  刘甜  郭振义  李婉茹  包振民 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,50(4):54-62

DNA甲基化参与调节动物配子发生和胚胎发育过程,TET基因负责DNA主动去甲基化,在基因印迹去除和细胞全能性获得中起重要作用。为了解海洋贝类配子发生和胚胎发育过程中DNA去甲基化如何发生,本研究以虾夷扇贝为研究对象,鉴定了其TET基因,并分析了该基因在性腺和胚胎幼虫发育中的表达变化。结果表明,虾夷扇贝基因组中含有1个TET基因(PyTET),该基因长39127 bp,包含10个外显子,编码1592个氨基酸,其蛋白具有完整的2OGFeDO超家族的加氧酶结构域。在性腺发育过程中,PyTET基因表达峰值出现在休止期精巢和增殖期卵巢,原位杂交结果显示其在精原细胞、精母细胞中均有表达,在卵母细胞中的表达明显高于卵原细胞;在早期发育过程中,其峰值出现在囊胚期。以上结果提示虾夷扇贝配子发生和胚胎发育过程中均发生了DNA主动去甲基化,这将有助于系统了解表观调控在贝类发育中的作用。  相似文献   

A synthesis of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,NW China     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1271-1287

The northern Xinjiang region is one of the most significant iron metallogenic provinces in China.Iron deposits are found mainly within three regions:the Altay,western Tianshan,and eastern Tianshan orogenic belts.Previous studies have elaborated on the genesis of Fe deposits in the Altay orogenic belt and western Tianshan.However,the geological characteristics and mineralization history of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are still poorly understood.In this paper I describe the geological characteristics of iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan,and discuss their genetic types as well as metallogenic-tectonic settings,Iron deposits are preferentially distributed in central and southern parts of the eastern Tianshan.The known iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan show characteristics of magmatic Fe-Ti-V(e.g.,Weiya and Niumaoquan),sedimentary-metamorphic type(e.g.,Tianhu),and iron skarn(e.g.,Hongyuntan).In addition to the abovementioned iron deposits,many iron deposits in the eastern Tianshan are hosted in submarine volcanic rocks with well-developed skarn mineral assemblages.Their geological characteristics and magnetite compositions suggest that they may belong to distal skarns.SIMS zircon U-Pb analyses suggest that the Fe-Ti oxide ores from Niumaoquan and Weiya deposits were formed at 307.7±1.3 Ma and 242.7±1.9 Ma,respectively.Combined with available isotopic age data,the timing of Fe mineralization in the eastern Tianshan can be divided into four broad intervals:Early Ordovician-Early Silurian(476-438 Ma),Carboniferous(335-303 Ma),Early Permian(295-282 Ma),and Triassic(ca.243 Ma).Each of these episodes corresponds to a period of subduction,post-collision,and intraplate tectonics during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic time.  相似文献   

烟台市牟平区姜格庄金矿地质特征及其找矿前景          下载免费PDF全文

隋岩刚  李新凤  李安琪  张磊 《山东国土资源》2018,34(2)

牟平-乳山成矿带是山东省重要的金成矿带,姜格庄金矿位于牟平-乳山成矿带东北部,米山断裂西侧。姜格庄金矿矿床成因为中低温岩浆热液金矿床,控矿构造以近SN向断裂构造为主。矿区内地表出露矿化蚀变带5个,圈定矿体5个,矿体多呈脉状、透镜状,成矿严格受矿断裂控制,产状与蚀变带一致,围岩为邱家单元片麻状黑云二长花岗岩,蚀变主要为硅化、钾化、褐铁矿化等。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、褐铁矿及黄铜矿,金矿物主要为自然金等。通过对矿体地质特征和分布规律研究,认为该区域断裂构造内具有较好的找矿潜力。  相似文献   

Complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence analyses of the black-footed abalone Haliotis iris     

Zhansheng Guo  Leng Han 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(2):232-246

The black-footed abalone Haliotis iris is an economically important shellfish species in New Zealand. We successfully amplified, sequenced and analysed the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of H. iris. The length of the nrDNA was determined to be around 9.6?kb and included, in order, small subunit ribosomal RNA (nrSSU, 1858bp), internal transcribed spacer (ITS, 749?bp), large subunit ribosomal RNA (nrLSU, 3412bp) and an intergenic spacer (IGS, 3560–3662?bp). The nrLSU genes were identical in two individuals, whereas the nrSSU and ITS regions existed at three and four base differences, respectively. The IGS was more variable than the other nrDNA regions. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the ITS sequence datasets, which revealed that Haliotidae has two major subclades, mainly distributed in the North Pacific, Europe and Australia. The complete nrDNA sequence will be useful for the classification, phylogeny and breeding of this shellfish.  相似文献   

Sensitive and rapid detection of two toxic microalgae Alexandrium by loop-mediated isothermal amplification     

ZHANG Fengying  SHI Yanhong  JIANG Keji  XU Zhaoli  MA Lingbo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(2):139-146

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was designed and evaluated for rapid detection of the toxic microalgae Alexandrium catenella and A. minutum, which can produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Two sets of four specific primers targeting these two species were derived from the sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. The method worked well in less than an hour under isothermal conditions of 65℃. LAMP specificity was validated in closely related algae as a comparison, suggesting the strict specificity of the LAMP primers. Two visual inspection approaches were feasible to interpret the positive or negative results. The detection limits of A. catenella and A. minutum samples using the LAMP assay were found to be 5.6 and 4.5 pg DNA, respectively. The sensitivity of this LAMP assay was 10 or 100-fold higher than Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in detecting the two microalgae. These characteristics of species specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity suggest that this method has the potentiality in the monitoring of red tide caused by A. catenella and A. minutum.  相似文献