伊犁蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿形成机制及对铀成矿的指示意义     

丁波  刘红旭  张宾  李平  蒋宏  张虎军  谢希良  郭春杰 《矿床地质》2019,38(6):1379-1391

蒙其古尔铀矿床为伊犁盆地南缘大型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,为查明该矿床含矿层中黄铁矿成因及其形成机制,探讨微生物参与铀成矿过程。文章对含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿与铀矿物矿物学特征、黄铁矿S同位素与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素开展细致研究。研究表明:①蒙其古尔铀矿床中铀主要以铀矿物与吸附铀形式存在,吸附铀主要为有机质吸附铀,铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,多与黄铁矿、炭屑共生;②蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿主要以自形晶、草莓状和不规则状集合体产出,多与沥青铀矿、碳酸盐胶结物共生,其中黄铁矿S同位素(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)=-68.4‰～22.1‰)与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素(δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-10.2‰～-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.6‰～-5.8‰)分析表明黄铁矿具有细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)与有机物热解2种成因,并探讨了这2种不同成因黄铁矿的形成机制。③结合前人研究成果,认为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)参与蒙其古尔铀矿床铀成矿过程,以间接还原方式为主,在有机质、黏土矿物与颗粒表面吸附U(Ⅵ)的基础上,通过硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)还原SO_4~(2-)产生的H_2S将U(Ⅵ)被还原成U(Ⅳ),形成铀矿物。  相似文献   

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床脉型矿化的成矿时代与构造背景     

侯鹤楠  任云生  陆思宇  郝宇杰  杨群 《岩石学报》2020,36(3):820-836

吉林延边红太平铜多金属矿床位于兴蒙造山带东段,区内发育产于晚古生代火山沉积岩系中的层状铜多金属矿体和受岩体及构造控制的脉状铅锌矿体。为了确定脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代与构造背景,本文对与脉状铅锌矿体相关的英安岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究,并对脉状铅锌矿体中金属硫化物开展了Rb-Sr同位素定年。结果表明,英安岩中28个锆石测点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为204.1±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.24),脉状铅锌矿石中4件金属硫化物的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为206.8±9.0Ma(MSWD=2.0),二者在误差范围内基本一致,表明红太平矿床脉型铅锌矿化的成矿时代为晚三叠世末期。英安岩的稀土元素配分模式呈明显的轻稀土元素(LREEs)富集,轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=7.59～8.28],存在弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.65～0.68);微量元素以富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs:Rb、Ba和K)和不相容元素(U、Th),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs:Nb、Ta、P和Ti)为特征,表明原始岩浆应为壳-幔混源;脉状铅锌矿体中4件金属硫化物初始Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.705954～0.707101(均值0.706390),表明脉型铅锌矿化与壳-幔混源的岩浆作用密切相关。根据Rb-(Yb+Ta)及La/Yb-Th/Yb图解判别结果,结合区域构造演化分析,认为红太平矿区英安岩及相关的脉型铅锌矿化形成于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,与晚三叠世-早侏罗世(T_3-J_1)古太平洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲作用密切相关。  相似文献   

基于金矿规格单元数据的机器学习方法在成矿建模分析中的应用     

张野  李明超  韩帅  任秋兵  朱月琴 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(2):183-191

现代金矿勘察主要是通过综合地球化学和地质测量等数字化方法对深部矿床进行研究,所需要的人力物力成本较高。而通过分析积累的金矿规格单元数据,可以建立金矿成矿情况与相关成矿元素含量之间的非线性关系,从已有的勘查数据中寻找金矿成矿的一般规律。本文基于与金矿相关的成矿元素含量数据,分别采用逻辑斯蒂回归、随机森林和决策树方法对原始数据和重采样数据进行训练,综合运用召回率、精确率和准确率对模型进行评价。通过对比发现,在训练和测试原始数据过程中,由于每组之间数据量的巨大差距,导致成矿数据被淹没;而在训练重采样数据过程中,随机森林在召回率和准确率方面均有较好的表现,分别达到了90.63%和70.78%;并最终分析了随机森林模型中不同分类边界对于金矿成矿情况预测结果的影响。利用不同的测量指标对模型进行评价分析,使模型更适用于金矿成矿预测,可有效地提高金矿勘察的效率。  相似文献   

老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿作用研究及其指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢见昆  赵延朋  陈晓锋  康铁锁  莫江平 《矿床地质》2020,39(6):1122-1140

班康姆铜金矿床位于墨江-黎俯火山弧带的中段，成矿条件优越，区内中性侵入杂岩具有岛弧钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征，属火山岛弧环境。氢、氧同位素特征及黄铁矿流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素特征均指示流体为岩浆流体与大气雨水型地下水的混合流体，晚期经历了开放系统的持续瑞利去气过程。硫同位素组成表明成矿系统的硫源主要为深源地幔硫，推断Au、Cu应来自地幔源区，在俯冲消减的构造背景下，携带大量Cu、Au等成矿金属构成富矿初始岩浆流体。热液成矿作用经历了高温矽卡岩蚀变阶段、中温青磐岩热液蚀变矿化阶段、低中温金矿化阶段和超低温热液碳酸盐化阶段4个阶段，中低温阶段为主要的矿化阶段，而北东-北北东向次级断裂带成为浅部重要的容矿空间。流体包裹体及稀土元素特征指示了矿床深部存在隐伏的岩体，很可能为含矿的斑岩体，这对班康姆矿床乃至成矿带的研究及勘查具有重大的意义。  相似文献   

粤北青嶂山岩体江头矿区铀矿微区矿物学、年代学特征及其成矿动力背景制约     

赖静  祁家明  陈军军  李钟枢  曹豪杰 《地质学报》2020,94(4):1128-1142

粤北诸广和贵东是华南最重要的两个花岗型铀矿密集区,青嶂山(龙源坝)岩体位于两者之间,是华南花岗岩型铀矿研究薄弱地区。江头铀矿区地处青嶂山岩体北部与南雄断陷盆地的结合部位,该矿区的铀成矿年代学研究几为空白。本文通过电子探针方法研究了青嶂山岩体、及与该岩体密切相关的江头矿区中的铀矿物微区矿物学特征,获得岩浆成因的晶质铀矿与热液成因的沥青铀矿的U-Th-Pb化学年龄,探讨了华南铀成矿作用动力学背景及成矿地质体。研究表明:青嶂山岩体粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩和中粒斑状黑云母花岗岩中的铀矿物主要有晶质铀矿、铀石,部分晶质铀矿存在明显铀释放的特征,其晶质铀矿化学年龄分别为246.8±8.8Ma、161.5±8.0Ma,与前人获得的锆石U-Pb年龄结果在误差范围内一致,分别代表了区内印支期与燕山期花岗岩体的成岩年龄,表明在南雄断陷盆地形成之前,青嶂山岩体与诸广岩体可能为一有机整体,有着相同的成岩、成矿环境。江头矿区矿石中铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿,伴有少量钛铀矿、铀石等,沥青铀矿化学年龄分别为121.3±9.8Ma、98.8±8.0Ma、73.2±8.8Ma,分别代表区内3期铀成矿作用的时代,结合华南中生代以来构造运动特征,认为区内铀成矿作用是受中-新生代盆地边缘深大断陷活动、产铀花岗岩体分布的双要素成矿动力学背景制约,青嶂山岩体应与诸广、贵东岩体具有相似的找矿前景。  相似文献   

西南三江碰撞造山带沉积岩容矿Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属复合成矿与深部过程     

毕献武  唐永永  陶琰  王长明  胥磊落  戚华文  兰青  木兰 《岩石学报》2019,35(5):1341-1371

西南三江特提斯造山带中新生代沉积盆地中(沱沱河、玉树、昌都和兰坪-思茅地区)发育包括金顶超大型铅锌矿床在内的一系列以沉积岩容矿的Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属矿床,构成长达千余千米的青藏高原东缘贱金属成矿带。作为大陆碰撞环境成矿谱系的重要矿床类型,加强这些矿床的理论研究对提高和完善大陆碰撞造山成矿理论和指导找矿勘查等具有重要意义。已有研究表明这些Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床的分布受盆地形成后新生代大型逆冲推覆-走滑构造控制,其容矿岩石和成矿作用特征与SEDEX和MVT矿床存在明显的差异,矿床成矿流体表现出多来源混合的特征,成矿与深部过程密切相关。尽管取得重要进展,但由于缺乏高精度年代学数据制约,成矿动力学背景及其与碰撞造山的时空联系存在较大争议。一些矿床的研究显示复合成矿迹象,但是复合成矿过程与深部驱动等问题仍不清楚。近年来我们以兰坪和昌都盆地的Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床和Cu多金属矿床为重点研究对象,系统开展了成矿年代学、成矿流体源-运-储系统和复合成矿机制以及深部过程对成矿制约等方面研究。结果表明,兰坪盆地西缘Cu(Mo)多金属矿床主要形成于48～58Ma,兰坪和昌都盆地Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床主要形成于27～33Ma。成矿流体表现出明显的多来源混合的特征,主要存在三种类型:1)变质流体与盆地卤水或大气降水复合成矿,以金满-连城Cu矿床为代表; 2)盆地卤水与大气降水复合成矿,以金顶Pb-Zn矿床为代表; 3)盆地卤水和岩浆流体复合成矿,以拉诺玛Pb-Zn-Sb矿床为代表。兰坪盆地西缘Cu矿床主要形成于新生代印度-欧亚大陆主碰撞挤压阶段,与成矿密切相关的变质流体可能来源于陆-陆碰撞俯冲引起的高压变质。Pb-Zn矿床主要形成于印度-欧亚大陆晚碰撞构造转换环境,构造挤压和造山隆起驱动盆地流体迁移,同期的岩浆活动主要为成矿提供热驱动力或成矿物质。  相似文献   

Ancient deep roots for Mesozoic world-class gold deposits in the north China craton:An integrated genetic perspective     

Cheng-Xue Yang  M.Santosh 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):203-214

The North China Craton(NCC)hosts some of the world-class gold deposits that formed more than 2 billion years after the major orogenic cycles and cratonization.The diverse models for the genesis of these deposits remain equivocal,and mostly focused on the craton margin examples,although synchronous deposits formed in the interior domains.Here we adopt an integrated geological and geophysical perspective to evaluate the possible factors that contributed to the formation of the major gold deposits in the NCC.In the Archean tectonic framework of the NCC,the locations of the major gold deposits fall within or adjacent to greenstone belts or the margins of micro-continents.In the Paleoproterozoic framework,they are markedly aligned along two major collisional sutures-the Trans North China Orogen and the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt.Since the Mesozoic intrusions hosting these deposits do not carry adequate signals for the source of gold,we explore the deep roots based on available geophysical data.We show that the gold deposits are preferentially distributed above zones of uplifted MOHO and shallow LAB corresponding to thinned crust and eroded sub-lithospheric mantle,and that the mineralization is located above regions of high heat flow representing mantle upwelling.The NCC was at the center of a multi-convergent regime during the Mesozoic which intensely churned the mantle and significantly en riched it.The geophysical data on Moho and LAB upwarp from the centre towards east of the craton is more consistent with paleo-Pacific slab subduction from the east exerting the dominant control on lithospheric thinning.Based on these results,and together with an evaluation of the geochemical and isotopic features of the Mesozoic magmatic intrusions hosting the gold mineralization,we propose a genetic model that invokes reworking of ancient Au archives preserved in the lower crust and metasomatised upper mantle and which were generated through multiple subduction,underplating and cumulation events associated with cratonization of the NCC as well as the subduction-collision of Yangtze Craton with the NCC.The heat and material input along zones of heterogeneously thinned lithosphere from a rising turbulent mantle triggered by Mesozoic convergent margins surrounding the craton aided in reworking the deep roots of the ancient Au reservoirs,leading to the major gold metallogeny along craton margins as well as in the interior of the NCC.  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops: A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《China Geology》2020,3(3):402-410

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt. According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt, the soils are most highly enriched in Pb, followed by Cr, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, they are relatively poor in Hg, Cd, and As. It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt. As for the crops (such as corn and wheat) in the gold belt, Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements, followed by Pb and Cr. Meanwhile, Hg, Cd, and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops. The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general. Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein, heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein. As shown by relevant studies, the Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities. Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations. Furthermore, wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils. The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation, increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops, and further affecting human health. This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.  相似文献   

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(4)

正20142366Bi Yuanqing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Survey Technology of Anhui Province,Hefei 230022,China);Fang Junhua Analysis of Ore-Prospecting Potential in the Taojiaxiang Mining Site,Zongyang County(Geology of Anhui,ISSN1005-6157,CN34-1111/P,23(4),2013,p.256-260,5illus.,10refs.)  相似文献   

Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Composition of Scheelite from the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYB): Implications for Mineralization and Exploration     

NIE Liqing  ZHOU Taof  CHEN Xuefeng  WANG Fangyue  XIAO Xin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1977-1996

The Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYB) is known to contain abundant copper and iron porphyry-skarn deposits, with an increasing number of tungsten deposits and scheelite in Fe–Cu deposits being discovered in the MLYB during recent decades. The ore genesis of the newly-discovered tungsten mineralization in the MLYB is poorly understood. We investigate four sets of scheelite samples from tungsten, iron and copper deposits, using CL imaging and LA–ICP–MS techniques to reveal internal zonation patterns and trace element compositions. The REE distribution patterns of four studied deposits show varying degrees of LREE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies. The oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid increased in Donggushan, while the oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid decreased in Ruanjiawan, Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang. The scheelites from the Donggushan, Ruanjiawan, Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang deposits show enrichment in LREEs and HFSE, with Nb/La ratios ranging from 1.217 to 52.455, indicating that the four tungsten deposits are enriched in the volatile fluorine. A plot of (La/Lu)N versus Mo/δEu can be used to distinguish quartz vein type, porphyry and skarn tungsten deposits. This study demonstrates that scheelite grains can be used to infer tungsten mineralization and are effective in identifying magmatic types of tungsten deposits in prospective mining sites.  相似文献