A Multi‐Element Ion‐Pair Extraction for Trace Metals Determination in Environmental Samples     

Şerife Saçmacı  Şenol Kartal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(6):577-583

A multi‐element ion‐pair extraction method was described for the preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions in environmental samples prior to their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). As an ion‐pair ligand 2‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐N′‐benzylidene‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐oxo‐N‐phenyl‐propono hydrazide (MBMP) was used. Some analytical parameters such as pH of sample solution, amount of MBMP, shaking time, sample volume, and type of counter ion were investigated to establish optimum experimental conditions. No interferences due to major components and some metal ions of the samples were observed. The detection limits of the proposed method were found in the range of 0.33–0.9 µg L^?1 for the analyte ions. Recoveries were found to be higher than 95% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4%. The accuracy of the procedure was estimated by analyzing the two certified reference materials, LGC6019 river water and RTC‐CRM044 soil. The developed method was applied to several matrices such as water, hair, and food samples.  相似文献   

Formation and stability of mixed Mg/Ca/phytate species in synthetic seawater media: Consequences on ligand speciation     

Pasquale Crea  Concetta De Stefano  Demetrio Milea  Silvio Sammartano   《Marine Chemistry》2008,112(3-4):142-148

The results of a potentiometric investigation (by ISE-H⁺, glass electrode) on the speciation of phytate ion (Phy¹²⁻) in an ionic medium simulating the major components (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻) of natural seawater, at different salinities and t = 25 °C, are reported. The work was particularly aimed at determining the possible formation of mixed Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–phytate ion pairs, and to establish how including the formation of these mixed species would affect the speciation modeling in seawater media. After testing various speciation models, that considering the formation of the MgCaH₃Phy⁵⁻, MgCaH₄Phy⁴⁻, Mg₂CaH₃Phy³⁻ and Mg₂CaH₄Phy²⁻ species was accepted, and corresponding stability constants were determined at two salinities (S = 5, 10). A discussion is reported both on the choice of the experimental conditions and on the possibility to extend these results to those typical of real seawater. A detailed procedure is also described to demonstrate that the stability of these species is higher than that statistically predicted. As reported in literature, a parameter, namely log X, has been determined in order to quantify this extra stability for the formation of each mixed species at various salinities. For example, at S = 10, log X₁₁₃ = 2.67 and log X₁₁₄ = 1.37 for MgCaH₃Phy⁵⁻ and MgCaH₄Phy⁴⁻ (statistical value is log X_stat = 0.60), and log X₂₁₃ = 6.11 and log X₂₁₄ = 2.15 for Mg₂CaH₃Phy³⁻ and Mg₂CaH₄Phy²⁻ (log X_stat = 1.43), respectively. Results obtained also showed that the formation of these species may occur even in conditions of low salinity (i.e. low concentration of alkaline earth cations) and low pH (i.e., more protonated ligand).  相似文献   

拉果错盐湖卤水蒸发过程中Li⁺富集行为的分子动力学模拟          下载免费PDF全文

刘鑫  马艳芳  张志宏  付振海 《盐湖研究》2022,30(4):61-71

采用分子动力学模拟,研究了西藏拉果错盐湖卤水中阴、阳离子以及水分子间的相互作用行为。以盐湖卤水等温蒸发过程中粒子浓度变化的四个阶段为研究对象,分别计算了不同体系的扩散系数、配位数、均方位移和径向分布函数。计算结果表明,液相浓度越低时,H₂O分子对各离子之间的相互作用有抑制作用,液相中离子浓度越高时,SO₄2-易与CO₃2-竞争Li⁺形成离子对,从而影响盐湖卤水中Li⁺的富集。本文研究结果对盐湖卤水中Li⁺的迁移行为作出了机理解释,为盐湖卤水提锂的发展奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Fast neutral particles as probes of the extent of Io's exosphere     

M. M. Cowee  Y-L. Wang  C. T. Russell   《Planetary and Space Science》2003,51(14-15):945

The spatial extent of ion cyclotron waves at Io has been interpreted as requiring a multistep acceleration and transport process: exospheric ions are accelerated outward (relative to Jupiter) due to the corotation electric field, neutralized due to charge exchange in the surrounding exosphere, and then reionized after traveling far across magnetic field lines, at which point they generate the waves. The trajectories of the particles away from Io are sensitive to the location of their initial ionization. This paper examines the spatial distributions of fast neutrals produced under varying conditions in order to provide constraints on the possible structure and nature of the Io exosphere. While a rapid onset of cyclotron waves at a specific location around Io can be modeled with a single, point-source region of ions, such as might occur over a volcano, the regional extent of the waves suggests multiple or distributed sources.  相似文献   

Effect of parallel electric field on electrostatic ion-cyclotron instability in anisotropic plasma in the presence of ion beam and general distribution function—Particle aspect analysis     

Ruchi Mishra 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(2):188-199

Dispersion relation, resonant energy transferred, growth rate and marginal instability criteria for the electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave with general loss-cone distribution in low-β anisotropic, homogeneous plasma in the auroral acceleration region are discussed by investigating the trajectories of the charged particles. Effects of the parallel electric field, ion beam velocity, steepness of the loss-cone distribution and temperature anisotropy on resonant energy transferred and growth rate of the instability are discussed. It is found that the effect of the parallel electric field is to stabilize the wave and enhance the transverse acceleration of ions whereas the effect of steepness of loss-cone, ion beam velocity and the temperature anisotropy is to enhance the growth rate and decrease the transverse acceleration of ions. The steepness of the loss-cone also introduces a peak in the growth rate which shifts towards the lower side of the perpendicular wave number with the increasing steepness of the loss-cone.  相似文献   

A comparative study on the contents of vitamins in the natural and the cultured prawn     

Wang Anli  Wang Wein  Liu Cunqi  Wang Suo''an 《海洋学报(英文版)》1994,13(4):557-564

Ａｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｖｉｔａｍｉｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｔｈｅｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｄｐｒａｗｎ￥ＷａｎｇＡｎｌｉ；ＷａｎｇＷｅｉｎａ；ＬｉｕＣｕｎｑｉａｎｄＷａｎｇＳｕｏ＇ａｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒ...  相似文献   

Li₂SO₄溶液中离子间的缔合相互作用:基于密度泛函理论和分子动力学模拟的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡俊  夏斐斐  杨凤丽  郑纯智  房春晖  曾德文  易海波 《盐湖研究》2018,26(1):39-47

基于密度泛函理论,使用B3LYP/aVDZ方法对[Li_2SO_4(H_2O)_n]~0(n=0~10、18)水合团簇的结构和性质进行了系统地研究,并结合Car-Parrinello分子动力学(CPMD)模拟了不同浓度的Li_2SO_4溶液结构,目的在于理解在Li_2SO_4溶液中离子间缔合相互作用及可能存在的物种。研究发现,对于[Li_2SO_4(H_2O)_n]~0(n=0~10、18)水合团簇,双配位单齿螯合接触离子对结构比双配位双齿螯合接触离子对结构更稳定,溶剂共享离子对结构最不稳定。同时,CPMD模拟结果表明,在3.09和3.17 mol/kg的Li_2SO_4溶液中,双配位单齿螯合接触离子对结构仍然是主要物种。以上结果表明在饱和的Li_2SO_4溶液(3.16 mol/kg)中,Li~+和SO_4~(2-)离子间的相互缔合作用主要以双配位单齿螯合接触离子对结构的物种存在,而具有双配位双齿螯合离子对结构的物种占少数,溶剂共享离子对结构几乎不存在。  相似文献   

黄渤海海域贝类麻痹性贝毒的检测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孔凡洲  徐子钧  于仁成  李钦亮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(2):305-309

采用小白鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱法对2002~2005年我国黄渤海海域采集的贝类样品进行了麻痹性贝毒毒性检测,结果显示大连海域的虾夷扇贝含有麻痹性贝毒,有毒样品均出现在5月和6月,部分虾夷扇贝样品的毒素含量已经超过食用安全标准。通过高效液相色谱法分析了有毒虾夷扇贝体内的毒素成分,共检出了6种麻痹性贝毒组分,主要以毒性较低的C1和C2毒素为主,GTX3和GTX2次之,STX和neoSTX含量很低。通过高效液相色谱法分析得到的各毒素组分毒性总和与小白鼠生物测试法毒性测试结果基本相当。  相似文献   

A laboratory test of the soil chemical submodels of two models of catchment acidification     

Ian C. Grieve 《水文研究》1989,3(4):339-346

Parameters for ion exchange selectivity and aluminium hydroxide dissolution in the soil chemical submodels used in applications of the Birkenes model and of MAGIC are compared and several discrepancies identified for organic soils. A laboratory column simulation of the soil chemical submodels is proposed and applied to soils from the Loch Dee area in Galloway. Experimental results were well predicted by a simplified version of MAGIC, with ion exchange selectivity parameters similar to those used in a previous simulation of one subcatchment of Loch Dee. The aluminium hydroxide dissolution parameter used previously was found to be too low for the organic soil materials, where a value of 106 predicted the experimental results more closely. The model developed also included a simple silicate weathering reaction to release base cations into the system. It is concluded that such simple laboratory simulations are useful for independent calibration of the soil chemical submodel of catchment models.  相似文献   

RAPID ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF COELUTING COMPONENTS IN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY BY FACTOR ANALYSIS     

CHENGBOSHEN  THOMASJ.VICKERS  CHARLESK.MANN 《地理学报(英文版)》1991,(5)

Evaluation of the results of factor analysis of sets of spectroscopically detected chromatograms is carriedout by examining the shapes of the abstract factors.This is done either by visual inspection or by analysisof the power density spectra produced from them.Owing to constraints imposed by the column functionand the spectroscopic instrument function,the information content of the chromatograms necessarilyoccurs at low spatial frequencies.As a consequence,it appears as relatively broad features in the abstractchromatograms and as a peak in the low-frequency region of the corresponding power density plot.Onthe basis of examination of the power density distribution,a well-defined distinction is made betweenprimary and secondary abstract factors.The major uncertainty encountered in determining the numberof chemical components appears to arise from effects of contaminants in reagents.  相似文献