Discussion on the dextral movement and its effect in continental China and adjacent areas since Cenozoic     

《China Geology》2018,1(4):522-539

Continental China has moved dextral Eastward since Cenozoic time, driven by the collision of the Indian with the Eurasian plate. Evidence for this comes from landscape evolution, the distribution of earthquake epicenters, Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks, and the measurement of GPS velocity vectors, the distribution of crustal stress, paleomagnetic data, and deep mantle structure, among others. This movement commenced around 40 Ma, coupled with thickened lithosphere and widespread stress release along strike-slip faults that bound the continental Chinese block. Because of continued Northward subduction of the Indian plate, manifestation of the dextral movement has intensified since 25 Ma. Far-reaching effects include extensive strike-slip movement on the Tan-Lu fault in Eastern China, formation of the Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, extensive thrust faults in East China, delamination and thickening of the lithosphere of South China, a possible tectonic doubling of the Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley metallogenic belt, and the formation of the Japan, Huanghai (East China), and South China Sea.  相似文献   

龙门山断层破裂的频率非平稳特性     

李启成  郭雷  何书耕  齐庆杰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(3):865-871

为研究地震过程中的频率非平稳特性，对近年来龙门山断层发生的两次大地震：汶川大地震和芦山大地震的近断层地震记录进行频谱分析。结果表明：相对于芦山地震有较大走向滑动分量的汶川地震，大多数位于汶川地震断层滑动前方的台站接收到更高的频率成分，位于断层滑动后方的台站接收到的地震波频率较低；尽管芦山地震断层相对汶川地震有较小的走向滑动分量，但仍然可以得出与汶川地震相同的结论，不同的是虽然芦山地震沿断层面向上方向分量大，但是其同一台站东西、南北、竖直三方向分量记录幅值相当。把芦山地震三分量记录变换到走向和沿断层面向上方向，证实了沿断层面向上方向高频成分更丰富。在断层滑动前方接收到的地震波频率较高，在断层滑动后方接收到的频率较低，这正是多普勒效应影响的结果。由于多普勒效应的客观存在，其对频率非平稳特性的影响与震源、传播路径和场地效应一样具有普遍性；所以，工程场地接收到的地震波的频率不仅取决于震源、传播路径、场地效应，还取决于断层滑动速度（多普勒效应）。  相似文献   

Effects of adjusting cropping systems on utilization efficiency of climatic resources in Northeast China under future climate scenarios     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Quantitatively evaluating the effects of adjusting cropping systems on the utilization efficiency of climatic resources under climate change is an important task for assessing food security in China. To understand these effects, we used daily climate variables obtained from the regional climate model RegCM3 from 1981 to 2100 under the A1B scenario and crop observations from 53 agro-meteorological experimental stations from 1981 to 2010 in Northeast China. Three one-grade zones of cropping systems were divided by heat, water, topography and crop-type, including the semi-arid areas of the northeast and northwest (III), the one crop area of warm–cool plants in semi-humid plain or hilly regions of the northeast (IV), and the two crop area in irrigated farmland in the Huanghuaihai Plain (VI). An agro-ecological zone model was used to calculate climatic potential productivities. The effects of adjusting cropping systems on climate resource utilization in Northeast China under the A1B scenario were assessed. The results indicated that from 1981 to 2100 in the III, IV and VI areas, the planting boundaries of different cropping systems in Northeast China obviously shifted toward the north and the east based on comprehensively considering the heat and precipitation resources. However, due to high temperature stress, the climatic potential productivity of spring maize was reduced in the future. Therefore, adjusting the cropping system is an effective way to improve the climatic potential productivity and climate resource utilization. Replacing the one crop in one year model (spring maize) by the two crops in one year model (winter wheat and summer maize) significantly increased the total climatic potential productivity and average utilization efficiencies. During the periods of 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100, the average total climatic potential productivities of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 9.36%, 11.88% and 12.13% compared to that of spring maize, respectively. Additionally, compared with spring maize, the average utilization efficiencies of thermal resources of winter wheat and summer maize dramatically increased by 9.2%, 12.1% and 12.0%, respectively. The increases in the average utilization efficiencies of precipitation resources of winter wheat and summer maize were 1.78 kg hm⁻² mm⁻¹, 2.07 kg hm⁻² mm⁻¹ and 1.92 kg hm⁻² mm⁻¹ during 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100, respectively. Our findings highlight that adjusting cropping systems can dominantly contribute to utilization efficiency increases of agricultural climatic resources in Northeast China in the future.  相似文献   

Effect of geometric and material discontinuities on the reeling of pipelines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The winding and unwinding of a pipeline onto a large diameter reel as practiced in the reeling installation method, induces bending strains of 1–3% followed by straightening, and reverse bending. The operator must ensure that such plastic deformations are sustained free of local buckling or rupture in the line. Such failures are for example precipitated by pipeline discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress as they act as stress risers, lead to localized deformations severe enough to result in local buckling. The effect of such discontinuities is studied using a large-scale nonlinear finite element model that simulates the reeling/unreeling of a pipeline. Nonlinear kinematic hardening is used to capture the elasto-plastic behavior of the material imposed by the bending/reverse bending history. Discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress are shown to result in sharp local changes in curvature that extend over 3–4 pipe diameters accompanied by severe local straining and ovalization. The extent of the disturbance is governed by the bending strain imposed by the ratio of pipe to reel diameter. It can be reduced by an increase in the applied tension but at the expense of additional ovalization of the pipeline. It can also be reduced by increasing the pipe wall thickness but with the consequent increase in costs. A parametric study of the effect of such discontinuities demonstrates that for some combinations of process parameters, the disturbance can lead to local buckling either during winding or unwinding. It is concluded that a modeling framework such as the one presented should be used to generate a design protocol for reel-installed pipelines.  相似文献   

俯冲带温度条件下橄榄石中硅氧四面体的非谐振动:透射红外光谱研究     

王霏  刘曦  郑海飞  张立飞 《岩石学报》2015,31(7):1891-1900

橄榄石既是上地幔的主要矿物,又是俯冲板块的主要矿物。在正常地幔温度条件下,橄榄石中原子之间的振动是非谐振动,这已成为学界共识;然而,对于俯冲带的较低温情况,橄榄石中原子之间的振动的非谐性是否重要,目前还没有比较一致的结论。本研究利用透射红外光谱的方法,系统研究了室温下不同厚度橄榄石中硅氧四面体的红外光谱特征,并着重对其在2100~1500cm-1区域形成的二倍频峰/合频峰进行了指认。在此基础上,本研究通过采集不同温度下的透射红外光谱数据(最高温度达约450℃),确立了橄榄石中硅氧四面体的相应基频峰及二倍频峰峰位对温度的依赖性,进而得出其相应红外振动的非谐系数(χ)随温度(T)的变化关系,具体为:χ838=6.37(2)×10-7×T+0.0014(1)及χ993=7.86(3)×10-7×T+0.0015(1),其中温度的单位为℃。外推到600℃时,有χ838=0.0018(1)及χ993=0.0020(2)。这些结果表明,在俯冲带的较低温条件下,橄榄石中硅氧四面体的内部振动的非谐性可能不重要。  相似文献   

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望（Ⅲ）：应用研究     

李爱群  陈鑫  左晓宝 《地震学刊》2011,(3):233-240

阐述了铁磁形状记忆合金（Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA）在智能材料及其应用领域的优越性。重点介绍了FSMA装置研发和基于FSMA装置的体系分析理论的发展历程和研究现状。仔细分析了各种FSMA装置频率、输出力和最大位移等关键技术指标,讨论了基于电磁学、热力学和力学原理的包含FSMA装置体系的分析理论,指出了各自在面向应用时存在的问题。研究表明,FSMA独特的性能使其具有广阔的应用前景,然而在装置研发和系统理论领域还有待深入。最后指出,更广领域的新型FSMA装置和基于FSMA装置的体系分析理论等问题还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

Discussion of ‘Influence of diaphragm wall installation on the numerical analysis of deep excavation’, by Burlon S., Mroueh H. & I. Shahrour     

Riccardo Conti  Luca de Sanctis  Giulia M.B. Viggiani 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(11):1685-1687

  相似文献   

提高地震科技期刊审读的实效性浅议     

贺方 《高原地震》2010,22(4):62-65

针对目前期刊审读要求制度化的现状,探讨了提高地震科技期刊审读实效性的途径。期刊刊前和刊后审读要抓薄弱环节,内部和外部审读要有的放矢;科技期刊的审读内容有别于社科类期刊,不同的审读内容就有不同的审读主体和审读方法。审读效果的好坏与审读者的专业水平、知识结构甚至心理素质等息息相关。  相似文献   

居民地方感对区域旅游发展支持度影响——以九寨沟旅游核心社区为例   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

许振晓  张捷  Geoffrey Wall  曹靖  张宏磊 《地理学报》2009,64(6):736-744

基于"地方感"、"期望理论"两个基本理论,从旅游核心社区居民地方感、旅游发展期望、旅游发展获益感知、旅游发展成本感知以及旅游发展支持度五个结构变量Ⅲ发,通过引入旅游发展期望值作为中介变量,构建居民地方感对旅游发展支持度内部影响机制的理论模型.以世界遗产地几寨沟为实证研究对象,通过验证性因子分析和三阶段结构方程模型的定量分析,校验理论模型中各结构因子、结构因子与其所含维度之间影响路径及其系数,定量测度了居民的旅游发展期望在居民地方感与旅游发展正反影响感知关联中的中介效用和影响机制,及对旅游发展支持度的潜在影响模式.研究结果表明:①居民地方感对居民旅游发展正反影响感知的作用存在差异,地方感对获益感知的作用远大于成本感知.②居民从旅游发展中感知获益有助于他们对当地旅游发展持更积极态度.而成本感知则会产生消极影响.③居民旅游发展期望中介效用的存在性和有效性,居民地方感通过发展期望,强化了对旅游发展影响感知及旅游支持度作用.④发展期望在居民旅游发展正反影响感知两结构模型中的中介效用存在强弱,在感知获益子结构模型的中介作用强于感知成本子模型.  相似文献   

动力因子对地形影响下的四川暴雨落区的诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王成鑫  高守亭  梁莉  马严枝 《大气科学》2013,37(5):1099-1110

本文分析了2010年7月16～18日地形作用下四川盆地的一次持续性暴雨过程,指出此次暴雨过程是在高低层系统配置较好的情况下发生的。并以NCEP资料为初值场对此次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,结合实况对模拟结果进行对比分析。分析表明:模式对本次四川暴雨过程的模拟较为成功,能很好地再现此次暴雨的降水落区以及强降水中心。运用广义湿位温、广义对流涡度矢量垂直分量的垂直积分和质量垂直螺旋度对受大巴山脉影响的四川东北部的暴雨落区进行了诊断分析。分析指出,广义湿位温纬向平均的垂直剖面图上,等湿位温线的倒Ω区域与四川东北部的强降水落区吻合较好,等湿位温线的倾斜程度以及湿位温异常的高度可以定性地指示降水的强弱;对广义湿位温从800 hPa到500 hPa垂直积分,用得到的湿位温的水平分布来指示东北部的暴雨落区效果较 好;用改进垂直积分区间后的广义对流涡度矢量垂直分量比用传统的对流涡度矢量垂直分量来示踪四川东北部的暴雨落区效果更好;质量垂直螺旋度能有效刻画出四川东北部地区强降水系统的典型动力场垂直结构,因此与四川东北部的地面强降水具有很好的对应关系。  相似文献