土石混合体分形几何特征与强度演化特征     

曾晋 《地质与勘探》2020,56(3):590-596

针对土石混合体的结构性特点,以含石量为20%、30%、40%、50%、60%的土石混合体为研究对象,基于多重分形原理研究多重分形特征,研究分形维数与强度之间的关系。研究表明,土石混合体具有双重分形特征,不同尺度条件下具有不同分形指标,包括块石粒度、土体粒度以及平均粒度等分形维数,与含石量相关。单轴压缩试验表明,抗压强度随含石量增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,根据单维分形特征,确定最优含石量约为40%。建立了含石量、不同分形维数指标与抗压强度之间的关系,分析了双重因素综合影响下抗压强度的变化特征,确定了含石量与分形维数之间存在最优区域。  相似文献   

基于颗粒阻尼器的多鼓型古柱抗震性能研究     

周占学  于爽  郭帅  黄晓峥  周小龙 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):392-400

为保护地震作用下历史遗迹帕特农神庙多鼓石柱,提出将破损的石鼓替换为填充颗粒的空鼓,以减轻多鼓石柱动力响应。本文基于PFC3D与FLAC3D软件,实现了离散-有限耦合作用,模拟了附有颗粒阻尼器帕特农神庙多鼓型石柱,研究了颗粒阻尼器对帕特农神庙石柱的减震效果,并分析地震强度、频率、阻尼器位置等因素对减震效果的影响。研究结果表明,将颗粒阻尼器替换破损的空鼓,PFC3D与FLAC3D耦合计算结果与试验结果基本一致,减震效果显著,说明耦合分析方法研究颗粒阻尼器抗震性能具有较高的可靠性;地震强度不同时,分层颗粒阻尼器仍可较好地耗散能量;颗粒阻尼器对结构的减震性能受激励频率的影响显著,频率越高,减震效果越好;颗粒阻尼器布置在古柱中上部减震效果优于布置在古柱下部。  相似文献   

石材幕墙结构抗震性能试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈盈  许乃鑫  张文学  刘叶锋 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):028-36

为研究石材幕墙的抗震性能和破坏特征,以阿尔及利亚大清真寺南区石材幕墙工程为背景,设计了两组1:1振动台试验模型,通过振动台试验研究总结出了石材幕墙结构的地震响应特性,在此基础上,给出了石材幕墙结构动力特性简化模型,并通过引入相应的质量修正系数,得到震损石材幕墙结构自振频率计算公式。研究表明:结构自振频率在挂件和石材出现松动与损伤后逐渐降低;石材加速度响应受挂件位置和尺寸影响较大;石材与挂件之间的间隙增大了石材的加速度响应,但同时也减小了挂件的内力需求。  相似文献   

石煤钒矿成分分析标准物质的研制     

田宗平  彭君  王干珍  易晓明  曹健  秦毅 《岩矿测试》2021,(1):111-120

石煤钒矿资源的开发和合理利用需要对其成分进行准确的分析测试和质量控制。目前,国内外尚未有石煤钒矿成分分析的标准物质,现有钒成分分析标准物质无论是其五氧化二钒含量,还是定值成分都无法满足我国对石煤钒矿勘查、开发和研究需要。本文对采自湖北省崇阳县小源冲钒矿、湖南省芷江县牛牯坪钒矿、湖南省古丈县岩头寨钒矿和湖南省凤凰县黑冲钒矿等4个大型石煤钒矿区样品开展了标准物质研制工作,研制了4个石煤钒矿成分分析标准物质(GBW07875、GBW07876、GBW07877、GBW07878)。将矿层样品、顶底板岩石和人工剥离高品位样品,经过颚式初碎、对辊中碎、粗粒过筛混匀、配矿混匀、盘式细磨、细粒过筛、灭活混匀等加工处理,经初检合格后,装瓶和编号。随机抽取的4×35瓶样品进行均匀性检验,F_实测值均小于F_0.05(34,70)=1.60,且相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.31%~7.48%之间,表明样品的均匀性好。对随机抽取样品进行长期稳定性检验和短期稳定性检验,结果没有发现统计学意义的明显差异,表明样品的稳定性良好。通过9家实验室参加协作定值研究,定值成分包括V₂O₅、C和SiO₂等共16种成分,其中4个石煤钒矿成分分析标准物质中的V₂O₅的质量分数分别为0.63%、0.86%、1.55%、3.99%,涵盖边界品位0.50%、工业品位0.70%、富矿品位≥1%,碳含量分别为2.40%、3.46%、5.60%、7.27%。本批次4个标准物质的研制成功,可为石煤钒矿的科学利用和研究提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

无砟轨道聚氨酯碎石防水联结层单元模型试验研究     

谢康  苏谦  陈晓斌  刘宝  王武斌  王迅  邓志兴 《岩土力学》2023,(8):2308-2317

基于无砟轨道基床表层水力损伤病害产生机制,提出一种在基床表层上设置聚氨酯碎石防水联结层的水力损伤控制措施。通过建立级配碎石组(J-0)、透水型聚氨酯碎石组(J-5)及致密型聚氨酯碎石组(J-10)3组试验模型,研究聚氨酯碎石防水联结层的静动力特性、疲劳特性与防水特性。结果表明：静力加卸载作用下,J-10残余应变为2.6×10–6,最大位移约为1.0 mm,与下部基床表层级配碎石层变形适应性良好,耗能效果明显,在列车动力荷载水平作用下,可减小基床表层动变形与动应力幅值,增大动应力扩散范围;在长期动力循环荷载作用下,J-0与J-5在注水后结构层动力响应显著增大,而J-10动力响应在加载次数1～2万次后基本保持稳定;试验过程中J-10能够有效防止水分进入基床表层级配碎石层,而J-0与J-5水分不断下渗,引起级配碎石细颗粒损失。研究成果对整治多雨地区无砟轨道基床表层水力损伤病害具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

Deterioration processes affecting prehistoric rock art engravings in granite in NW Spain          下载免费PDF全文

J.S. Pozo‐Antonio  T. Rivas  F. Carrera  L. García 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(11):2435-2448

Prehistoric rock art sites are endangered despite conservation efforts. The lack of scientific documentation regarding weathering agents affecting rock art and the absence of specific diagnostic protocols hinder the development of conservation strategies. The aim of this research was to investigate active deterioration processes in a granite petroglyph site located in Mougás (Galicia, NW Spain) by characterizing the granite, conducting a geotechnical study of the outcrop and describing and analysing the main weathering processes. Two main deterioration factors were identified. First, water favours block disjunction at the massif scale and causes pitting and surface erosion at the millimetre scale that affects the readability of the engravings. Second, high temperatures associated with wildfires cause mineral transformations that increase the susceptibility of the rock to weathering. Identifying deterioration factors is a first step in developing appropriate preventive conservation measures, which should aim to reduce rock contact time with water (technically affordable in the short term) and to reduce the probability of wildfire occurrence (technically more complex and possibly with longer‐term results). Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modeling the 2D behavior of dry‐stone retaining walls by a fully discrete element method          下载免费PDF全文

James J. Oetomo  Eric Vincens  Fabian Dedecker  Jean‐Claude Morel 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(7):1099-1120

The dry‐stone retaining walls (DSRW) have been tipped as a promising solution for sustainable development. However, before recently, their behavior is relatively obscure. In this study, discrete element method (DEM) approach was applied to simulate the plane strain failure of these walls. A commercial DEM package (PFC2D™) was used throughout this study. The authors used a fully discrete approach; thus, both the wall and the backfill were modeled as discrete elements. The methodology for obtaining the micromechanical parameters was discussed in detail; this includes the three mechanical sub‐systems of DSRWs: wall, backfill and interface. The models were loaded progressively until failure, and then the results were compared with the full‐scale experimental results where the walls were loaded, respectively, with hydrostatic load and backfill. Despite its complexity and its intensive calculation time, DEM model can then be used to validate a more simplified approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The use of local stone in the buildings of the Isle of Wight     

G.K. Lott 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):923-932

The charm of the Isle of Wight, so much appreciated by visitors and the local population alike, is very much a combination of its delightful scenery and unique assemblage of vernacular buildings. These buildings range from isolated farmhouses to elaborate manor houses, castles and churches all constructed using the indigenous stone resources of the island. Today, these stone buildings, many of which date back to medieval times, are increasingly in need of conservation repair to maintain them for future generations. Essential to such conservation work is the safeguarding of the island's indigenous building stone sources as many of the stones used are unique to the island and no longer quarried. Protecting these stone sources could also provide stone for new building projects which would help to further enhance the character of the island's towns and villages.  相似文献   

浅谈清江观赏石的岩性特征及颜色成因     

明星 《华南地质与矿产》2015,(1)

本文在前人资料的基础上,结合多年奇石开发利用和实地考察经验,介绍了清江观赏石的分类与特点,归纳总结了其形成的地质背景及岩性特征,并从铁质来源与填充、浓度变化和气候周期影响等几个方面分析了清江观赏石的颜色成因。  相似文献   

上扬子区灯影组白云岩葡萄体特征及成因初探--以南江杨坝地区灯影组一段为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

牟传龙  王秀平  梁薇  王远翀  门欣 《沉积学报》2015,33(6):1097-1110

上扬子地区晚震旦世灯影组及其相应地层白云岩中广泛发育一种外形奇特的具有圈层结构的肾球状体、椭球体、葡萄体及不规则状的球体(以下统称为葡萄体),宏观上呈钙华状成片产出,沿层面或裂隙分布,大量学者认为其为受大气淡水影响形成的。在详细野外观察描述的基础上,应用偏光显微镜、阴极发光和扫描电镜等分析测试手段,对四川南江杨坝地区灯影组一段白云岩中的葡萄体进行了研究,结果表明:葡萄体为具核心和明暗相间皮壳层的半球体,矿物组分以白云石为主,局部含少量自生石英,为围岩固结成岩后的产物;核心及暗色皮壳层中发育藻黏结集合体,并见大量不规则的微生物丝状体,且矿物组分中含有较高的碳元素,发较亮的红色阴极光,结合海底硬底的存在,说明其为海水环境中的生物-化学沉积物;葡萄体的外层主要为亮色皮壳层,呈等厚亮晶纤状胶结物,多发暗红色阴极光,并造成葡萄体间呈多面体交汇,说明后期葡萄体的形成以胶结作用为主,为海水潜流带的产物;葡萄体的大小和形态与基底上不规则凸起的形态及生长空间特征密切相关,固定的生长质点和规则的结构指示葡萄体形成于稳定的水体中;葡萄状白云岩的原始组构应为文石或高镁方解石,扫描电镜下呈晶粒结构,为白云石化作用的产物;葡萄集合体的组分、阴极发光性与其围岩相似,按照其产状和形态特征,把这种具有固定生长质点且具等厚皮壳层的半球体称作葡萄状构造,应为生物-化学成因的沉积-成岩构造,形成于稳定的海水中。  相似文献