江西象山地质公园丹霞地貌成景地层沉积环境分析     

刘鑫  陈留勤  李馨敏  李余亮 《现代地质》2018,32(2):260

随着旅游地学的兴起和地学科普的需求,红层与丹霞地貌正在吸引着越来越多的关注。赣东北贵溪市象山地质公园发育以赤壁丹崖为特色的丹霞地貌景观,成景地层为上白垩统圭峰群河口组以砾岩为主的红色碎屑岩,冲刷侵蚀界面、粒序层理和交错层理等沉积构造发育,这为沉积环境分析提供了良好的判断标志。对该套成景地层进行厘米级实测,另外选择2处砾岩露头进行砾石统计以获取碎屑颗粒粒径、岩性、磨圆度和风化程度等信息。在实测厚度为40余米的地层柱状图上,识别出7种岩相类型,即正粒序砾岩、逆粒序砾岩、无沉积构造砾岩、平行层理砾岩、交错层理砾岩、聚集状砾岩、砂岩。砾石以中砾(2~5 cm)为主,磨圆度低,风化程度中等,成分以凝灰岩为主(58%~665%),其次为石英、花岗岩、砂岩。砾石成分和砾向分析结果说明,盆地南部早白垩世凝灰岩提供了主要的碎屑物质。根据野外实测红层剖面和砾石统计分析,认为成景地层为冲积扇沉积体系的产物。河口组红层沉积时期,盆地边缘断层活跃,间歇性强降雨事件导致冲积扇朵叶上洪泛河流搬运的沉积物供应充足,最终在剖面上形成砾岩和砂岩频繁互层及其厚度横向不稳定的现象。在中国东南地区晚白垩世总体干燥的古气候背景下,河口组中河流作用主导的冲积扇沉积体系可能指示了古气候向湿润转变,降水增加,相对丰富的水系将粗碎屑搬运到盆地区发生沉积。  相似文献   

丹霞山世界地质公园蜂窝状洞穴特征及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈留勤  李馨敏  郭福生  李鹏程  李余亮  刘鑫 《地质论评》2018,64(4):895-904

蜂窝状洞穴以其精致的形貌和众说纷纭的成因吸引着科研人员和普通大众的兴趣。丹霞山世界地质公园蜂窝状洞穴主要产于晚白垩世丹霞组二段(锦石岩段)风成砂岩的崖壁上。本文以园区长老峰锦石岩寺和睡美人禄意堂两处蜂窝状洞穴为研究对象,通过野外实地调查,了解洞穴生长环境,定量统计分析其形态特征,并采集砂岩样品进行显微镜下观察,探讨洞穴形成与盐风化作用的关系。研究表明:蜂窝状洞穴所在的岩性主要为中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩,发育大型高角度交错层理,渗透性较好;洞穴开口均向下朝向锦江,有利于来自锦江河流的湿润水汽较长时间地保持在小洞内部;洞穴开口基本服从泰森多边形分布。因此,碎屑颗粒相对比较均匀的风成砂岩为丹霞山蜂窝状洞穴的发育提供了重要的岩石基础,锦江河流为盐风化提供了必要的湿润水汽和盐分。在初始发育阶段,从岩壁上最适合盐风化作用的若干个点开始形成细小的坑洼,逐步向同层位扩张。单个小洞穴由于盐风化作用,洞穴内部风化速率大于洞穴开口边缘,导致蜂窝状洞穴内部空间扩大较快。然后,蜂窝状洞穴的发育突破纹层的限制,逐步加大、变深而呈泰森多边形规则分布。最终,随着洞穴加深,在重力、风力的影响下,蜂窝状洞穴隔壁减薄失稳,洞穴消亡。  相似文献   

陕西靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌成因机理初探     

彭小华  吴昊  李益朝  张瑜  祝捷  党晨 《地球学报》2020,41(3):443-451

近期,通过对陕西靖边龙洲地区的丹霞地貌进行详细调查,查明了该地区丹霞地貌类型为丹霞正-负地貌的过渡类型——波浪式丹霞地貌。为了科学评价其价值和意义,本文主要从成景地层岩石特征、地质构造特征以及外动力因素等方面来初步探讨龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的成因机理。研究表明:首先,研究区洛河组砂岩平行层理、大型风成交错层理对波浪式丹霞景观的形成具有很好的塑造作用;成景地层洛河组紫红色砂岩,为一套风成沙漠相沉积,岩石胶结程度较差,硬度低易碎,是波浪式丹霞地貌形成的物质基础;晚白垩世以来,鄂尔多斯盆地掀斜,区内地壳普遍隆起,表现为靖边龙洲地区发育多级古夷平面和河流阶地,对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成起基础性控制作用;该区洛河组砂岩中发育多组节理、裂隙构造,将洛河组砂岩切割成块状,其对波浪式丹霞地貌的形成和改造起着关键性控制作用;外动力因素上,靖边为半干旱内陆性季风气候,受西北风改造作用非常明显,是波浪式丹霞微地貌形成的主导外动力因素,此外,夏秋季的暴雨强烈冲刷侵蚀地表岩层,春秋季的寒潮霜冻,岩石发生冻融和崩落,对龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌的形成也有重要改造作用;靖边龙洲波浪式丹霞地貌除了受到地质构造和流水侵蚀的约束外,风力吹蚀对微地貌的改造非常明显,这是该地区丹霞地貌形成的主导外动力因素和特色所在;该地区波浪式丹霞地貌的发育阶段可分为两期。  相似文献   

湖南崀山丹霞地貌岩体抗酸侵蚀脆弱性的实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

欧阳杰  朱诚  彭华  胡智农  俞锦标  王海昀  吕文  徐龙生 《地球科学进展》2011,26(9):965-970

湖南崀山拥有独特的丹霞喀斯特现象,但具有溶蚀力的水对丹霞地貌区重要的物质基础砂岩和砾岩的侵蚀还没有进行过深入的实验研究。以此为切入点,通过实地采样获得41块砂岩、砾岩岩芯,选择其中18块岩芯平均分成3组,分别放入2%、5%、10%3种不同浓度的H2SO4溶液中浸泡并连续12天定时观测、记录,最后把未破碎的3块砾岩岩芯进...  相似文献   

江西信江盆地丹霞地貌形成机制分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姜勇彪  郭福生  刘林清  胡中华  吴志春  吴智勇 《热带地理》2011,31(2)

信江盆地是我国丹霞地貌发育最典型的区域之一。由于影响丹霞地貌演化的成景系统诸要素具有不同特征,信江盆地内不同部位丹霞地貌经历了不同的演化进程,不同发育阶段的丹霞地貌在盆地内成带状分布。盆地边缘由于受红层岩性、断裂构造及信江支流等因素影响,地表剥蚀速率快,丹霞地貌演化已步入壮年晚期至老年早期阶段,以丹霞石林、峰林、峰丛、崖壁以及各种类型的造型石为特征;盆地中部虽然断裂构造发育程度较弱,但受信江流水侵蚀,丹霞地貌演化也步入青年期至壮年早期阶段,以低矮的圆丘状丹霞石峰及岩洞为特征;而中部过渡地带,由于构造、水系发育均较弱,地貌演化速率慢,丹霞地貌演化处于幼年期至青年早期阶段,以石寨、巷谷、岩崖等景观为特征。  相似文献   

Experimental studies on the Danxia landscape morphogenesis in Mt.Danxiashan,South China     

ZHU Cheng  WU Li  ZHU Tongxin  HOU Rongfeng  HU Zhinong  TAN Yan  SUN Wei 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(8)

  相似文献   

Key Groundwater Control Factors of Deep Buried Coalfield by Landform and Sedimentation in the Northern Ordos Basin     

Jian Yang  Ji Liu  Hao Huang  Xiangyang Liang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(5):523-530

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.  相似文献   

Landform instability and land-use dynamics in tropical high mountains, Central Mexico     

GARCíA-ROMERO Arturo  ACEVES-QUESADA José Fernando  ARREDONDO-LEóN Carlos 《山地科学学报》2012,9(3):414-430

This investigation is an analysis of the influence of landform instability on the distribution of land-use dynamics in a hydrographical basin, located in the Mexican Volcanic Belt mountain range (central Mexico), currently affected by substantial changes in land use and deforestation. A landform map was produced, in addition to seven attribute maps - altimetry, drainage density, slope, relief energy, potential erosion, geology and tectonics - which were considered as factors for determining landform instability through Multi-criteria Evaluation Analysis. Likewise, the direction and rhythm of land-use dynamics were analyzed in four dates - between 1976 and 2000 - and cross tabulations were made between them, in order to analyze the trends and processes of land-use dynamics. Afterwards, the databases obtained were cross tabulated with the landform variables to derive areas, percentages and correlation indices. In the study area, high-instability landforms are associated with most ancient volcanic and sedimentary landforms, where high altitude, drainage density, slope and potential to develop gravitational and fluvial processes are the major factors favouring a land-use pattern, dominated by the conservation of extensive forest land, abandonment of human land use and regeneration of disturbed areas. In contrast, low-instability landforms correspond to alluvial plains and lava hills covered by pyroclasts, where low potential erosion to develop fluvial processes, added to water and soil availability and accessibility, have favoured a land-use pattern dominated by the expansion of agroforestry plantations and human settlements, showing a marked trend towards either intensification or permanence of the current land use and with little abandonment and regeneration.  相似文献   

Types and spatial combinations of Danxia landform of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province     

OUYANG Jie  ZHU Cheng  PENG Hua  YU Jinbiao  LI Lan  ZHOU Riliang  ZHANG Guangsheng  ZHU Guangyao  LI Zhongxuan  ZHONG Yishun  ZHU Qing  LV Wen  HU Yongqi  ZHENG Chaogui  LV Zhenrong  HU Chang  WU Honglin  XU Longsheng 《地理学报》2009,19(5):631-640

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.  相似文献   

脆弱地质景观评价体系研究-以江西鹰潭龙虎山丹霞地貌景观为例     

姜伏伟  郭福生  姜勇彪  胡中华  吴智勇 《火山地质与矿产》2012,(1):62-66

我国地质资源开发过程中对外部环境的抗干扰能力低、自身稳定性差、易破碎或消亡的脆弱地质景观缺乏足够认识。本文运用层次分析法建立脆弱地质景观评价体系,包含脆弱性和景观性两方面九个评价因子,并对评价因子赋值及划分脆弱地质景观等级。运用脆弱地质景观评价体系评价龙虎山丹霞地貌30处代表性景观,所得结果与实际调查吻合,且可为地质遗迹保护提供参考。  相似文献