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The Zedong ophiolites in the eastern Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone of Tibet represent a mantle slice of more than 45 km~2. This massif consists mainly of mantle peridotites, with lesser gabbros, diabases and volcanic rocks. The mantle peridotites are mostly harzburgite, lherzolite; a few dike-like bodies of dunite are also present. Mineral structures show that the peridotites experienced plastic deformation and partial melting. Olivine(Fo89.7–91.2), orthopyroxene(En_(88–92)), clinopyroxene(En_(45–49) Wo_(47–51) Fs_(2–4)) and spinel [Mg~#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe)]=49.1–70.7; Cr~#=(100×Cr/(Cr+Al)=18.8–76.5] are the major minerals. The degree of partial melting of mantle peridotites is 10%–40%, indicating that the Zedong mantle peridotites may experience a multi–stage process. The peridotites are characterized by depleted major element compositions and low REE content(0.08–0.62 ppm). Their "spoon–shaped" primitive–mantle normalized REE patterns with(La/Sm)_N being 0.50–6.00 indicate that the Zedong ultramafic rocks belong to depleted residual mantle rocks. The PGE content of Zedong peridotites(18.19–50.74 ppb) is similar with primary mantle with Pd/Ir being 0.54–0.60 and Pt/Pd being 1.09–1.66. The Zedong peridotites have variable, unradiogenic Os isotopic compositions with ~(187)Os/~(188)Os=0.1228 to 0.1282. A corollary to this interpretation is that the convecting upper mantle is heterogeneous in Os isotopes. All data of the Zedong peridotites suggest that they formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR) and were later modified in supra–subduction zone(SSZ) environment.  相似文献   
2.
Abstract. Rare earth, major and trace element geochemistry is reported for the Kunimiyama stratiform ferromanganese deposit in the Northern Chichibu Belt, central Shikoku, Japan. The deposit immediately overlies greenstones of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) origin and underlies red chert. The ferromanganese ores exhibit remarkable enrichments in Fe, Mn, P, V, Co, Ni, Zn, Y and rare earth elements (excepting Ce) relative to continental crustal abundance. These enriched elements/ Fe ratios and Post-Archean Average Australian Shale-normalized REE patterns of the ferromanganese ores are generally analogous to those of modern hydrothermal ferromanganese plume fall-out precipitates deposited on MOR flanks. However in more detail, Mn and Ti enrichments in the ferromanganese ores are more striking than the modern counterpart, suggesting a significant contribution of hydrogenetic component in the Kunimiyama ores. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that the Kunimiyama ores were umber deposits that primarily formed by hydrothermal plume fall-out precipitation in the Panthalassa Ocean during the Early Permian and then accreted onto the proto-Japanese island arc during the Middle Jurassic. The presence of strong negative Ce anomaly in the Kunimiyama ores may indicate that the Early Permian Panthalassa seawater had a more striking negative Ce anomaly due to a more oxidizing oceanic condition than today.  相似文献   
3.
佘宇伟  朱祥坤  何源  万洪清 《中国地质》2019,46(6):1372-1383
日喀则蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布构造带中段,其成因和构造环境仍存在较大争议。日喀则蛇绿岩下部为蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩,壳幔过渡带缺失超镁铁质堆晶岩。少量辉长岩脉呈块状或韵律结构并侵入到地幔橄榄岩和辉绿岩中。辉绿岩呈席状岩床侵入到地幔橄榄岩之上,且少量辉绿岩脉侵入到下覆的地幔橄榄岩中。通过野外关系和地球化学研究,日喀则辉长岩可能并不是洋壳中岩浆房原位结晶堆积而成,而是深部位置岩浆囊经过不同程度分异演化形成富晶粥岩浆并向上侵入的结果。而席状辉绿岩床则是基性岩浆沿着构造薄弱面顺层侵入的结果。拆离断层可能导致了岩石圈地幔抬升和剥露,进而引起下覆软流圈地幔减压熔融和岩浆上侵。日喀则辉长-辉绿岩形成于慢速扩张脊较小规模的岩浆供应和不连续的岩浆侵入。  相似文献   
4.
对油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩进行了地球化学研究,以探讨其形成环境。油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩的主量和微量元素具有低钾富钠的特征,属低钾(拉斑)系列。玄武岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式图表现为近平坦型,轻重稀土富集不明显,属于亏损地幔(N型)。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K和Sr出现负异常,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr无负异常,表现出大洋中脊幔源岩浆作用的特征。构造环境判别图显示,油葫芦沟玄武岩属于典型的亏损型大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)。研究结果表明油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩为北祁连洋洋壳的组成部分,北祁连洋在晚元古代—晚寒武世为典型的大洋中脊环境。  相似文献   
5.
The Jurassic Bangong Lake ophiolite, NW Tibet, is a key element within the western part of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone, which marks the boundary between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks. It is a tectonic mélange consisting of numerous blocks of peridotite, mafic lavas and dikes. The mantle peridotites include both clinopyroxene-bearing and clinopyroxene-free harzburgites. The Cpx-bearing harzburgite contains Al-rich spinel with low Cr#s (20–25), resembling peridotites formed in mid-ocean ridge settings. On the other hand, the Cpx-free harzburgite is highly depleted with Cr-rich spinel (Cr# = 69–73), typical of peridotites formed in subduction zone environments. Mafic rocks include lavas of N-MORB and E-MORB affinity and boninites. The N-MORB rocks consist of pillow lavas and mafic dikes, whereas the E-MORB rocks are brecciated basalts. The boninites have high SiO2 (53.2–57.9 wt%), MgO (6.5–12.5 wt%), Cr (166–752 ppm) and Ni (63–213 ppm) and low TiO2 (0.22–0.37 wt%) and Y (5.34–8.10 ppm), and are characterized by having U-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns. The N-MORB and E-MORB lavas probably formed by different degrees of partial melting of primitive mantle, whereas the boninites reflect partial melting of depleted peridotite in a suprasubduction zone environment. The geochemistry of the ophiolite suggests that it is a fragment of oceanic lithosphere formed originally at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) and then trapped above an intraoceanic subduction zone (SSZ), where the mantle peridotites were modified by boninitic melts. The Bangong–Nujiang suture zone is believed to mark the boundary between two blocks within Gondwanaland rather than to separate Gondwanaland from Eurasia.  相似文献   
6.
赣东北蛇绿岩作为华南少有的前寒武纪蛇绿岩长期都是华南大地构造研究中的热点。该蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,稀土总量为0.83×10-6~2.62×10-6,远低于原始地幔的含量,而Mg O含量高于原始地幔。稀土元素表现为LREE相对富集,微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集,高场强元素Nb明显亏损的特征,这表明赣东北地幔橄榄岩具有亏损地幔源区特征,同时也有不同程度的俯冲带流体的交代特征。HREE模拟的部分熔融程度为10%~30%;同时,赣东北蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中同时包含Cr#60和Cr#60两种不同成因的铬尖晶石,说明其经历了MOR(mid-ocean ridge)和SSZ(supra-subduction zone)两种构造环境。结合前人资料,笔者推测赣东北蛇绿岩早先可能形成于洋中脊环境(约1060 Ma),随后在洋内俯冲作用下(约970 Ma),位于俯冲带上部的地幔橄榄岩受到了来自俯冲带的流体/熔体的交代,经历了SSZ环境的改造。  相似文献   
7.
提要:帮果日—波库蛇绿岩带位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带的最西段,由帮果日蛇绿岩和波库混杂岩构成,呈北西展布,长128 km,宽5~10 km。帮果日蛇绿岩由方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩构成,岩石由橄榄石(Fo=85.2~88.0,平均86.6)、顽火辉石(Mg#=89.3~94.3,平均91.2)、透辉石(Mg#=92.0~94.9,平均93.1)构成,以高铝(Al2O3=0.96%~2.10%)、高钛(Ti=173~261μg/g)为特征,微量元素含量与MOR地幔岩的接近,亏损REE,ΣREE仅为球粒陨石的33%~71%,估算其为原始地幔经过6%~12%部分熔融的产物。波库混杂岩基质由板岩、粉砂质板岩构成,岩块有橄榄岩、辉长岩、硅质岩、砂岩、灰岩等。通过对帮果日蛇绿岩同位素测年结果、波库混杂岩之中硅质岩岩块放射虫化石的研究,确定帮果日—波库蛇绿岩带形成于晚白垩世,是新特提斯洋俯冲消减的产物;帮果日蛇绿岩代表了新特提斯洋洋壳的残留,属典型的MOR型蛇绿岩。  相似文献   
8.
We discuss here the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of mafic intrusive rocks from the Nagaland-Manipur Ophiolites (NMO) of Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, northeast India to define their mantle source and tectonic environment. Mafic intrusive sequence in the NMO is characterized by hornblende-free (type-I) and hornblende-bearing (type-II) rocks. The type-I is further categorized as mafic dykes (type-Ia) of tholeiitic N-MORB composition, having TiO2 (0.72–1.93 wt.%) and flat REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 0.76–1.51) and as massive gabbros (type-Ib) that show alkaline E-MORB affinity, having moderate to high Ti content (TiO2 = 1.18 to 1.45 wt.%) with strong LREE-HREE fractionations (LaN/YbN = 4.54–7.47). Such geochemical enrichment from N-MORB to E-MORB composition indicates mixing of melts derived from a depleted mantle and a fertile mantle/plume source at the spreading center. On the other hand, type-II mafic intrusives are hornblende bearing gabbros of SSZ-type tholeiitic composition with low Ti content (TiO2 = 0.54 wt.%–0.86 wt.%) and depleted LREE pattern with respect to HREE (LaN/YbN = 0.37–0.49). They also have high Ba/Zr (1.13–2.82), Ba/Nb (45.56–151.66) and Ba/Th (84.58–744.19) and U/Th ratios (0.37–0.67) relative to the primitive mantle, which strongly represents the melt composition generated by partial melting of depleted lithospheric mantle wedge contaminated by hydrous fluids derived from subducting oceanic lithosphere in a forearc setting. Their subduction related origin is also supported by presence of calcium-rich plagioclase (An16.6–32.3). Geothermometry calculation shows that the hornblende bearing (type-II) mafic rocks crystallized at temperature in range of 565°–625 °C ± 50 (at 10 kbar). Based on these available mineralogical and geochemical evidences, we conclude that mid ocean ridge (MOR) type mafic intrusive rocks from the NMO represent the section of older oceanic crust which was generated during the divergent process of the Indian plate from the Australian plate during Cretaceous period. Conversely, the hornblende-bearing gabbros (type-II) represent the younger oceanic crust which was formed at the forearc region by partial melting of the depleted mantle wedge slightly modified by the hydrous fluids released from the subducting oceanic slab during the initial stage of subduction of Indian plate beneath the Myanmar plate.  相似文献   
9.
Along the east coast of the Andaman Islands, abundant detrital chromian spinels frequently occur in black sands at the confluence of streams meeting the Andaman Sea. The mineral chemistry of these detrital chromian spinels has been used in reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Andaman ophiolite. The chromian spinels show wide variation in compositional parameters such as Cr# [= Cr/(Cr + A1) atomic ratio] (0.13–0.91), Mg# [= Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) atomic ratio] (0.23–0.76), and TiO2 (<0.05–3.9 wt%). The YFe3+[= 100Fe3+/(Cr + A1 + Fe3+) atomic ratio] is remarkably low (usually <10 except for south Andaman). The ranges of chemical composition of chromian spinels are different in each locality. The spinel compositions show very depleted signatures over the entire island, which suggests that all massifs in the Andaman ophiolite were affected under island‐arc conditions. Although the degree of depletion varies in different parts of the island, a directional change in composition of the detrital chromian spinels from south to north is evident. Towards the north the detrital chromian spinels point to less‐depleted source rocks in contrast to relatively more depleted towards the south. The possibilities to explain this directional change are critically discussed in the context of the evolution of Andaman ophiolite.  相似文献   
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