小尺度网格层析速度建模方法在低幅构造区时深转换中的应用     

吕振宇  魏鹏 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):339-344

渤海M油田区浅层多发育低幅构造,低幅构造区的地震数据对常规层析成像不够敏感,导致常规速度反演方法很难保证低幅构造速度建模的准确性,从而给时深转换工作带来较大误差.本文提出一种小尺度网格层析速度建模方法,该方法基于低幅构造的薄层信息,在有薄层信息的地层加密网格分布,从而实现根据地质条件划分网格的策略,进而通过解析矩阵方程实现速度模型的迭代更新.通过实际数据应用证明,对于渤海M油田利用本文提出的高精度网格层析速度建模方法是有效可行的,该方法能够有效提高低幅构造区速度建模的精度,利用该方法得到的速度模型能够大幅提高时深转换的精度,从而指导构造解释及成图工作.  相似文献   

Spatial patterns of adolescent drug use     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Adolescent drug use is individually and socially harmful in terms of disrupting adolescent development and social cohesion. Prior research has identified populations at risk and risk factors for adolescent drug use. This research sought to contextualize adolescent drug use by examining this behavior from a geographic perspective. The specific objectives were to identify patterns, local clusters and excess spatial risk for 5-digit zip codes within the 5-county Cincinnati, Ohio region. Adolescents (n = 57,241) were recruited within local schools by the Coalition for a Drug-free Greater Cincinnati. Results of this research show spatial clusters for perceived safety of marijuana; peer approval of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana; and age of onset for other drugs. The location and nature of these clusters are discussed and displayed in-text. Further, zip codes that were in excess risk compared to the 5-county region were identified. The utility of this research is two-fold: (1) It identifies the geographic variability in adolescent drug use and correlated factors of use, and (2) It provides a methodological framework for future research in spatial epidemiology of drug use.  相似文献   

A new global alignment approach for underwater optical mapping   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Armagan Elibol  Rafael Garcia 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(10):1207-1219

Lately, underwater vehicles have become important tools for exploration, monitoring and creation of maps of the seabed. Within mapping applications, the maps obtained from optical data are becoming essential in different study areas such as biological, geological and archaeological surveys, or in detection of benthic temporal changes. However, the underwater medium is very challenging for optical sensors and does not allow the area of interest to be imaged in a single image. Therefore, image mosaicing methods are necessary. Although recent advances in detection of correspondences between images have resulted in highly effective image registration methods, global alignment methods are still needed to obtain a globally coherent mosaic. In this paper, we propose a new global alignment method which works on the mosaic frame and does not require non-linear optimisation. Additionally, a simple image rectifying method is presented to reduce the down-scaling effect which might occur when minimising errors defined in the mosaic frame. Moreover, this rectifying method can also be seen as an alternative and straightforward way of incorporating different sensor information if available. The proposed framework has been tested with underwater image sequences. The resulting method is faster than its counterparts while providing the same level of registration quality.  相似文献   

A spatial stochastic algorithm to reconstruct artificial drainage networks from incomplete network delineations     

J.S. Bailly  F. Levavasseur  P. Lagacherie 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

  相似文献   

测绘工程专业“测绘管理”课程教学探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余旭  王国辉  张兴福 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):263-264,235

结合“测绘管理”课程的教学实践,针对测绘工程专业的培养目标和注册测绘师制度对人才的要求,论述了“测绘管理”课程的课程目标、课程特点和教学要求,对教学设计进行了较为深入的探讨,最后提出了几条教学建议.  相似文献   

移动道路测量在高速公路养护中的应用研究     

张延波  曲林  于曼竹  殷福忠 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(5):65-66,70

阐述了移动道路测量系统在高速公路养护应用中的关键部分,包括高速公路发展现状的总结、数据采集的作业准备、实测的采集过程、对测区数据的集成处理以及养护系统研发要点等。除总结研究理论外,还对系统研发的各模块组成进行了探讨,为后续实际应用和功能定制打下良好实验基础。  相似文献   

航空摄影统一监管法律基础探讨     

阮于洲 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(4):255-256

关于航空摄影是否是测绘活动,以及测绘部门是否应将航空摄影纳入测绘统一监管的范畴,目前有不同的认识。本文明确了航空摄影是一种重要的测绘活动,从而论述了测绘部门对航空摄影实施统一监管的法律基础。  相似文献   

我国海洋地学编图现状、计划与主要进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

温珍河  张训华  郝天珧  邱燕  杨金玉  郭兴伟  侯方辉  王忠蕾 《地球物理学报》2014,57(12):3907-3919

我国海洋地质地球物理工作起步晚,整体调查程度较低,进一步加强我国海洋地学编图显得十分必要.我国实施的"海洋地质保障工程",将分"中国海陆"、"中国海及邻域"和"中国各海区"三个层次来进行地学编图.第一层次编制了空间重力异常图、布格重力异常图、磁力异常图、地震层析成像图、莫霍面深度图、地质图、大地构造格架图和大地构造格架演化图等8种图件.编图反映出中国海陆重力异常是"线性异常带纵横交错,块状异常区坐落其间"、重力梯级带主要为块体结合带;陆地磁力异常大致正负磁异常相间分布,海域北部为沟-弧-盆相关异常、南部磁条带异常;莫霍面总体特征为"东西分带,南北分块";地震层析成像反映出中国东部和西部岩石层厚度的差异以及上地幔软流层的分布特点;大地构造格架和演化图再现了块体体制向板块体制的转换过程.本次编图强调地球深部结构的变化对表层构造的关联,重视地球物理资料与地质构造的结合,以深-浅层结合来划分中国大地构造格架.已有成果表明,中国海陆大地构造格局可以用"块体构造学说"来描述.  相似文献   

Regional soil organic carbon prediction model based on a discrete wavelet analysis of hyperspectral satellite data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Most studies have the achieved rapid and accurate determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) using laboratory spectroscopy; however, it remains difficult to map the spatial distribution of SOC. To predict and map SOC at a regional scale, we obtained fourteen hyperspectral images from the Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite and decomposed and reconstructed the original reflectance (OR) and the first derivative reflectance (FDR) using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) at different scales. At these different scales, as inputs, we selected the 3 optimal bands with the highest weight coefficient using principal component analysis and chose the normalized difference index (NDI), ratio index (RI) and difference index (DI) with the strongest correlation with the SOC content using a contour map method. These inputs were then used to build regional-scale SOC prediction models using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithms. The results indicated that: 1) at a low decomposition scale, DWT can effectively eliminate the noise in satellite hyperspectral data, and the FDR combined with DWT can improve the SOC prediction accuracy significantly; 2) the method of selecting inputs using principal component analysis and a contour map can eliminate the redundancy of hyperspectral data while retaining the physical meaning of the inputs. For the model with the highest prediction accuracy, the inputs were all derived from the wavelength range of SOC variations; 3) the differences in prediction accuracy among the different prediction models are small; and 4) the SOC prediction accuracy using hyperspectral satellite data is greatly improved compared with that of previous SOC prediction studies using multispectral satellite data. This study provides a highly robust and accurate method for predicting and mapping regional SOC contents.  相似文献   

基于工作流的测绘生产与办公信息化系统设计与实现     

伍香永  徐洪秀  孙立志 《地理信息世界》2013,(5)

随着国内经济的高速发展，基础民用建设勘测、道路交通建设勘测、地形检测等需求越来越多，而这些需求都离不开测绘。随着国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization： ISO）在我国的应用深入，大部分具有测绘资质的测绘单位都已通过了ISO质量认证的认证工作，而整个测绘过程从合同签订到项目分配、项目处理、项目检查、项目成果交付经历不同的部门，周期比较长，如何进行有效的项目管理，使ISO质量认证不流于形式，是各测绘单位面临的一个重要问题。同时，在项目的处理过程中需要对数据成果进行调用、保存及更新等操作，如何在进行项目管理的同时进行成果的管理也是另一个重要问题。本文针对上述问题，设计和实现了天津市测绘院滨海分院测绘生产与办公信息化系统，通过系统来进行测绘单位日常的项目管理和测绘成果管理。  相似文献