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唐兵 《地质灾害与环境保护》2017,28(1)
沪昆高铁贵昆段沙坡特大桥线路左侧多处危岩落石对大桥构成一定威胁。本文在对区域地质环境和危岩体结构特征的调查的基础上,利用无人机航拍技术,查明了沙坡双线特大桥左侧山坡坡顶裂缝及围岩体的分布,研究了该处危岩落石体的形成的机制,并提出了采用梯形垛反压、清方、灌浆以及局部支挡的防治措施,取得了良好的经济效益,同时保障了沪昆客专安全、有序运营。 相似文献
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The bedrock freeze-thaw and moisture regimes at an actively eroding site on the Niagara Escarpment, Bruce Peninsula, southern Ontario, were monitored between December 1983 and April 1984, and the results compared with amounts of debris collected in an adjacent rock trap. Frost wedging in pre-existing rock fissures is the primary mechanism responsible for the observed rockfall events; hydration effects are negligible. Debris production was more closely related to the duration of the freezing leg of the freeze-thaw cycle than to intensity or to cycle frequency. Release also coincided with periods of high pore saturation (> 60 per cent) and the seepage of water from cracks and fissures. Fewer freeze-thaw cycles were recorded in the air than at 1 and 3.5 cm in the bedrock. The number of cycles that could be declared geomorphologically effective according to established temperature criteria was normally less than half the total number of freeze-thaw cycles recorded in both air and bedrock. Under the current temperature regime at the field site, few effective cycles are capable of penetrating more than 5 cm into the free face. 相似文献
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Yoshihiko Kariya Go Sato Kuniyasu Mokudai Jiro Komori Masaki Ishii Ryoko Nishii Yosuke Miyazawa Noriko Tsumura 《Landslides》2007,4(1):91-94
This paper describes a rockfall event in the Daisekkei Valley of Mount Shirouma-dake (2,932 m), the northern Japanese Alps.
The rockfall occurred on a steep cliff comprising well-jointed felsites and produced debris of ≥8,000 m3. Most debris was deposited on an elongated snowpatch located immediately beneath the cliff, and it caused casualties among
people who were trekking along a trail on the snowpatch. Additionally, a large rock block slipped 1 km on the snowpatch. The
rockfall could have been due to the differential retreat of the rockwall, which contains areas of high- and low-density joints.
Seasonal and diurnal freeze–thaw activities and snow avalanches and wash appear to be important factors responsible for the
retreat. Although some rock blocks that can collapse further remain on the rockwall, the position of the mountain trail in
the Daisekkei Valley is fixed. Fundamental reform of tourism systems for climbers, including education on natural hazards,
is required. 相似文献
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滚石灾害防治方法浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着人类活动的广度和力度不断加大,多山地带的滚石问题越来越突出,致使有关滚石灾害及其防治方法的研究也逐步得到重视。总体而言,滚石灾害的防治方法可分为主动防护和被动防护两大类,可应用于不同的滚石灾害环境。对各类滚石灾害防治方法进行简单介绍之后,作者分析了各方法的应用范围和适用条件。 相似文献
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Distinct rock fragment displacements occur on the ambas, or structurally determined stepped mountains of the Northern Ethiopian Highlands. This paper describes the rock fragment detachment from cliffs by rockfall, quantifies its annual rate, and identifies factors controlling rock fragment movement on the scree slopes. It further presents a conceptual model explaining rock fragment cover at the soil surface in these landscapes. In the May Zegzeg catchment (Dogu'a Tembien district, Tigray), rockfall from cliffs and rock fragment movement on debris slopes by runoff and livestock trampling were monitored over a 4-year period (1998–2001). Rockfall and rock fragment transport mainly induced by livestock trampling appear to be important geomorphic processes. Along a 1500-m long section of the Amba Aradam sandstone cliff, at least 80 t of rocks are detached yearly and fall over a mean vertical distance of 24 m resulting in a mean annual cliff retreat rate of 0.37 mm y− 1. Yearly unit rock fragment transport rates on scree slopes ranged between 23.1 and 37.9 kg m− 1 y− 1. This process is virtually stopped when exclosures are established. Corresponding mean rock fragment transport coefficients K are 32–69 kg m− 1 y− 1 on rangeland but only 3.9 kg m− 1 y− 1 in densely vegetated exclosures. A conceptual model indicates that besides rockfall from cliffs and argillipedoturbation, all factors and processes of rock fragment redistribution in the study area are of anthropogenic origin. 相似文献
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强震条件下碎裂岩体崩塌机理及崩塌后壁对堆积体稳定性影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
5 12 汶川地震的强震作用诱发产生了大量崩塌地质灾害,且多发生于碎裂结构岩体中。崩塌后斜坡后缘岩体及前缘堆积体的稳定性和后缘岩体对前缘堆积体稳定性的影响研究同样是震后灾害所面临的问题。以干河沟沟口斜坡为例,在分析该斜坡结构特征及崩塌机理的基础上,采用二维离散元软件UDEC模拟了斜坡在天然或强震条件下的稳定状态和可能失稳过程; 运用极限平衡法对陡壁岩体再次崩塌,产生新物质堆载在现有崩塌堆积体后缘前、后分别建立模型进行了稳定性分析。研究结果表明:碎裂岩体崩塌过程可分为应力重分布、潜在崩塌体形成和地震诱发崩塌3个阶段。崩塌堆积体在考虑后缘堆载作用之前,在天然或地震环境下均处于相对稳定状态,考虑堆载作用之后,其可能会在地震条件下失稳。离散元法和极限平衡法的组合使用,对于解决同类斜坡的同类问题切实可行。 相似文献
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Quantifying the protective function of a forest against rockfall for past,present and future scenarios using two modelling approaches 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Following a major rockfall event in 1987, two types of protection measures were taken in the village Saint Martin le Vinoux
(French Alps). Firstly, technical measures using civil engineering were installed, and secondly, a forest management intervention
to increase its protection was carried out. This study aims to assess whether this intervention was successful in the sense
that it improved the protective function of the forest. We evaluated the rockfall risk for the situation of 1987 (before the
intervention), today and the future, using model simulations with past, present and future vegetation cover scenarios. To
increase the meaningfulness of our results, we used two different models, called Rockfor.NET, which is a rapid one-dimensional rockfall forest evaluation tool, using simple slope and forest characteristics and RockyFor,
a process based on three-dimensional rockfall simulation model that takes the barrier effect of individual trees explicitly
into account. Both models correctly predicted that the forest was not capable of stopping rocks from the 1987 rockfall event.
Further, both models indicate an increase of the number of rocks reaching the base of the slope from 1987 onwards. RockyFor
shows an increase from 11% in 1987 to 19% in 2086. Rockfor.NET shows an increase from 26% in 1987 to 56% in 2086. We conclude that a second attempt to increase the protective function
of the forest should aim at restoring a dense coppice stand. 相似文献
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A simplified approach for rockfall ground penetration and impact stress calculations 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
This paper presents a simple procedure for calculating rockfall penetration and ground impact stress for design of pipeline
burial depth. Rockfall may damage pipelines by penetrating through cover soils and damaging the pipeline by puncture or excessive
impact stress. Design engineers may face a challenging question regarding what burial depth is required for adequate pipe
protection. Greater burial depth may provide better protection; however, there are usually site and economic constraints.
This paper discusses a simple procedure for calculating the maximum rock penetration and ground impact stress due to rockfall.
The procedure may be used to estimate the minimum burial depth required to protect pipelines from rockfall damage. A case
study involving a large boulder that fell down a slope and landed on a buried high-pressure gas pipeline is presented to demonstrate
and verify the procedure. A calculation was performed before the removal of the boulder to evaluate whether any damage was
made to the pipeline. The calculated results agreed well with the actual conditions observed after the boulder was removed. 相似文献