浅基岩埋深条件下多年冻土的瞬变电磁法探测研究     

杨贵前  谢昌卫  王武  杜二计  刘文惠  张钰鑫  倪杰 《冰川冻土》2019,41(5):1067-1077

瞬变电磁法（TEM）在青藏高原、东北等地区的多年冻土调查中取得了较好的应用效果，但局限于松散沉积层较厚情形，在基岩埋深较浅条件下探测多年冻土基本处于空白。兰州马衔山多年冻土具有分布范围小、温度高、基岩埋深浅的特点，是应用TEM探测浅基岩埋藏条件下多年冻土分布的理想地区。以马衔山多年冻土为主要研究对象，以季节冻土为对照研究了瞬变电磁响应特征，结合区域构造特征、地层露头、钻孔岩心、地温监测数据等信息，论证并探讨了TEM应用于浅基岩埋深时对多年冻土的探测效果。结果表明：马衔山多年冻土分布受构造断裂形成的低阻带控制，下部为负温岩层，实际分布面积为0.11 km²；TEM应用于浅基岩埋深的多年冻土勘探时更多的对地下岩层做出响应，可结合地质、地貌、水文、植被等信息，利用多年冻土的特点和电阻率的变化情况来判断多年冻土的分布范围；当基岩埋深特别浅时可以与探地雷达、钻孔等其他手段联合反演，从而准确地识别多年冻土与下伏基岩。  相似文献   

阿尔金山前下—中侏罗统页岩气成藏地质条件分析     

陈夷  杜治利  康志宏  田亚 《中国地质调查》2019,6(4):40-50

阿尔金山前侏罗系出露大套厚层的暗色泥页岩,生烃潜力优越,具备陆相页岩气形成条件,是有利的勘探接替区。通过野外地质调查、样品采集和测试分析,研究下—中侏罗统泥页岩的沉积展布、有机地球化学特征及储集性能,并探讨了该区页岩气的勘探潜力。研究表明: 富有机质泥页岩主要处于滨浅湖—半深湖相、沼泽相沉积环境中,其在平面上呈NE向展布,单层厚度和累计厚度均较大; 泥页岩的有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₁、Ⅱ₂型干酪根; TOC含量为0.55%~10%,平均为2.28%; 镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.0%~1.6%,平均为1.269%,处于成熟—高成熟阶段,为页岩气藏形成提供良好的生烃条件; 其矿物特征表现为脆性矿物含量高,大于51%,有利于后期的水力压裂改造和页岩气开采; 通过扫描电镜观察,泥页岩储层发育微孔隙及微裂缝,为页岩气提供了良好的储集空间和运移通道。初步预测,后期改造相对较弱的月牙山地区为页岩气勘探的有利目标区。  相似文献   

北山造山带中部(甘肃段)花岗岩成因及构造背景   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

白荣龙  刘显凡  周慧玲 《岩石学报》2020,36(6):1731-1754

北山造山带中部花岗岩体以陶勒努图洪岩体和跃进山南岩体为代表,本文对这两个岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和原位锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析,结果表明:岩体成岩年龄分别为410±2. 8Ma、427±2. 5Ma;主量元素呈现高硅、高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质特征;微量元素表现为富集Th、Zr、Hf等及大离子亲石元素(Rb、U、K等),亏损Ba、Sr、Eu及高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等);球粒陨石标准化稀土元素曲线呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾模式。综合分析认为跃进山南岩体属A型花岗岩,陶勒努图洪岩体属S型花岗岩。陶勒努图洪和跃进山岩体锆石ε_(Hf)(t)分别为-2. 90～-0. 12(平均值为-1. 53)、-1. 99～2. 82(平均值为0. 26),t_(DM2)分别为1. 41～1. 58Ga、1. 23～1. 54Ga。研究表明:陶勒努图洪黑云母花岗闪长岩岩浆源区主要为由元古界北山杂岩组成的以变质杂砂岩为主的古老地壳物质(含中基性岩石)部分熔融的产物,跃进山南二长花岗岩体可能在元古界北山杂岩组成的以变质杂砂岩为主的古老地壳物质重熔过程中有幔源岩浆的参与。在中志留世(427Ma)明水-小黄山洋已向南侧马鬃山-公婆泉弧之下俯冲至后期,板块后撤引发明水-旱山地体南缘弧后形成裂解环境导致幔源岩浆底侵,诱发地壳物质重熔形成花岗质岩浆,岩浆侵位形成跃进山南二长花岗岩体;至早泥盆世(410Ma),俯冲结束发生弧-陆碰撞造山导致地壳增厚,引发下地壳发生部分熔融产生的花岗质岩浆侵位形成陶勒努图洪岩体;两岩体是在早、晚古生代交接时段同一俯冲-碰撞构造背景下不同部位、不同亚构造环境下的产物。  相似文献   

基于旅游开发影响的五台山植被景观特征分析     

牛莉芹  程占红 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1162-1174

以往旅游对植被影响的评价成果较多,但是旅游影响下植被景观与地理因子之间的关系报道较少。本文利用多种数量生态学方法探讨了五台山旅游开发与植被景观之间的生态关系。结果表明：① 旅游开发影响下五台山植被景观可分为单优乔木区、草本区、差级乔草区、中级乔草区、中级灌草区、良级灌草区、良级乔灌草区、优级乔灌草区、以及寺庙区、商业区或居民区9种类型。② 在除趋势对应分析中,第一轴与所有因子的相关性都较大,第二轴与旅游干扰度和海拔呈显著的负相关性。各植被景观类型的空间分布在一定程度上取决于关键性指标的空间格局。③ 除趋势典范对应分析方法能够大大提高植被景观特征与地理因子间的相关性,并将其直观地表达于排序图中。在植被景观特征与地理因子的关系上,第一轴上的相关系数是0.858_DCCA>0.828_DCA,第二轴上的相关系数是0.583_DCCA>0.501_DCA,这说明除趋势典范对应分析方法更优。  相似文献   

Stormflow threshold behaviour in a subtropical mountainous headwater catchment during forest recovery period     

Lezhang Wei  Zhijun Qiu  Guangyi Zhou  Tsuyoshi Kinouchi  Yu Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1728-1740

Forest ecohydrological feedbacks complicate the threshold behaviour of stormflow response to precipitation or wetting conditions on a long-term scale (e.g. several years). In this study, the threshold behaviours in an evergreen-deciduous mixed forested headwater catchment in southern China were examined during 2009–2015, when damaged vegetation was recovering after the great 2008 Chinese ice and snowstorm. The non-uniqueness of the thresholds and the slow and rapid responses of stormflow at the outlet of the catchment in different hydro-climate datasets with different maximum values of gross precipitation (P) and sums of precipitation and antecedent soil moisture index (P + ASI) were assessed. The thresholds of P and P + ASI required to trigger stormflows (i.e. ‘generation thresholds’) and the transition from slow to rapid responses of stormflow (i.e. ‘rise thresholds’) were compared both seasonally and annually. The results indicated significant differences in the analysed datasets, highlighting the need to compare thresholds with care to avoid misinterpretation. Seasonal variations in threshold behaviours in the catchment suggested that vegetation canopy interception contributed to higher rise thresholds, and wetter conditions resulted in higher runoff sensitivity to precipitation during the growing and rainy seasons. Furthermore, the generation thresholds were higher in the dormant season, possibly due to drier soil moisture conditions in the near-channel areas. During the vegetation recovery period, the annual generation thresholds increased, however the rise thresholds did not exhibit a similar trend. The rapid stormflow response above the threshold decreased, possibly due to transpiration and interception of the recovered vegetation. However, the slow stormflow response to small rainfall events below the thresholds was higher in wetter years but lower in drier years, suggesting that the total water input dominated the stormflow response during small rainfall events. In conclusion, the seasonal and annual variations in threshold behaviours highlight that vegetation recovery and hydro-climatic conditions had a notable impact on the stormflow response.  相似文献   

Microseism Variations in Response to Antarctic Seasonal Changes in Sea Ice Extent     

XU Xiaoqing  LIN Jianmin  FANG Sunke 《中国地震研究》2020,34(2):264-284

The temporal and spatial distributions of Antarctic sea ice play important roles in both the generation mechanisms and the signal characteristics of microseisms. This link paves the way for seismological investigations of Antarctic sea ice. Here we present an overview of the current state of seismological research about microseisms on Antarctic sea ice. We first briefly review satellite remote-sensing observations of Antarctic sea ice over the past 50 years. We then systematically expound upon the generation mechanisms and source distribution of microseisms in relation to seismic noise investigations of sea ice, and the characteristics of Antarctic microseisms and relationship with sea ice variations are further analyzed. We also analyze the continuous data recorded at seismic station BEAR in West Antarctica from 2011 to 2018 and compare the microseism observations with the corresponding satellite remote-sensing observations of Antarctic sea ice. Our results show that:(1) the microseisms from the coastal regions of West Antarctica exhibit clear seasonal variations, SFM with maximum intensities every April-May and minimum intensities around every October-November; while DFM intensities peak every February-March, and reach the minimum around every October. Comparatively, the strong seasonal periodicity of Antarctic sea ice in better agreement with the observed DFM; and (2) microseism decay is not synchronous with sea ice expansion since the microseism intensity is also linked to the source location, source intensity (e.g., ocean storms, ocean wave field), and other factors. Finally, we discuss the effect of Southern Annular Mode on Antarctic sea ice and microseisms, as well as the current limitations and potential of employing seismological investigations to elucidate Antarctic sea ice variations and climate change.  相似文献   

甘肃北山老金厂金矿床载金矿物特征、原位硫同位素组成及其对成矿的指示意义     

黄式庭  于晓飞  吕志成  刘家军  李永胜  杜泽忠  吕鑫  孙海瑞  杜轶伦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1387-1403

老金厂金矿床是北山成矿南带最具代表性的中低温岩浆热液型金矿床之一，其规模为中型。依据脉体穿插、矿物共生组合和矿石结构构造等特征，将矿床矿化作用过程划分为石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ）、石英-含砷黄铁矿-毒砂阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-黄铁矿-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-方解石阶段（Ⅳ）。利用电子探针研究了不同成矿阶段载金矿物的元素组成及其分布规律。Ⅰ阶段：黄铁矿以粗粒自形立方体为主，粒度为0.50~1.50 mm，贫As、Au；毒砂含量极少，呈细粒他形。Ⅱ阶段：含砷黄铁矿周围常有大量毒砂产出，含砷黄铁矿多为立方体、五角十二面体，粒度为0.30~1.00 mm，富As、Au；该阶段矿化最为强烈，毒砂主要形成于此时期，多呈棱柱状、柱状、放射状集合体，显示富S亏As特征。Ⅲ阶段：多以黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿共生组合脉的形式产出，黄铁矿多呈长条状，以富S、Cu、Zn、Au和贫Fe、As为特征。Ⅳ阶段：矿化作用极弱，毒砂、黄铁矿含量极少，为细粒他形。原位硫同位素组成显示：Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-3.8‰~-2.9‰，均值为-3.3‰；Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-4.7‰~2.6‰，均值为-3.3‰；Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿和闪锌矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT值主要分布于-1.9‰~1.0‰之间，均值为0.1‰。此3个阶段硫同位素组成反映了成矿期硫主要来源于幔源岩浆，混入了部分地层硫。综合前人研究成果，认为成矿早期至晚期，成矿流体总体上由富S贫As向富As贫S演化。Ⅰ阶段体系处于中性稳定的环境，硫源充足；Ⅱ阶段为贫S富As的高氧逸度环境，由于大气降水对地层的淋滤渗透，混入富As流体，Au可能与As结合形成Au-As络合物，在成矿有利部位富集沉淀；Ⅲ阶段成矿元素种类丰富，体系为富S贫As的弱还原环境，Au很可能与HS^-、S^-形成络合物进入黄铁矿晶格。  相似文献   

北大巴山早古生代辉绿岩地球化学特征及其地质意义     

张方毅  赖绍聪  秦江锋  朱韧之  杨航  朱毓 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(1):35-46

对南秦岭北大巴山地区广泛分布的一套基性岩墙群中的辉绿岩进行采样,并进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学分析。结果显示,岩石形成年龄为435~433 Ma,为早志留世晚期岩浆活动产物。这些辉绿岩具低硅、高碱、高钛的碱性岩特征。岩石微量及稀土元素具板内玄武岩特征,轻稀土元素相对富集,轻重稀土元素分异明显,富集不相容元素Ba、Nb、Ta,而K、Y、Yb相对亏损;K及Rb的负异常表明岩石源区残留角闪石或金云母,部分熔融模拟结果显示岩石起源于尖晶石角闪石岩高程度部分熔融。综合地球化学特征及前人研究结果,认为北大巴山地区在早古生代处于大规模伸展裂陷背景下,岩石圈的拉张诱发了低熔点的交代岩石圈地幔熔融,进而形成了这条碱性岩浆带。  相似文献   

熊耳山上宫金矿稀土元素特征及对金矿物质来源的指示意义     

张苏坤  刘耀文  汪江河  冯绍平  常嘉毅  张争辉  毛宁 《地球学报》2020,41(6):938-948

上宫金矿矿化样品与熊耳群安山岩、燕山期花岗岩有着相似的稀土元素特征, 其物源关系更为密切。不同类型矿石的稀土总质量分数存在较大差别, 总体呈现出矿化程度越强稀土总量越低的特征。大部分金矿石与铅锌(银金)矿石均表现出弱的Eu、Ce异常, 其中δEu金矿石(均值0.84)＞δEu铅锌矿石(均值0.75), δCe金矿石(均值0.88)＞δCe铅锌矿石(均值0.96), 造成这种现象的原因可能是热液交代或成矿热液为富Cl–的还原性流体。 (Sm/Eu)样品/(Sm/Eu)球粒陨石-(Sm/Eu)样品图解显示, 上宫金矿各类样品能近似拟合成一条直线, 说明了岩浆热液为成矿提供了最初的热源和物源, 而安山岩和片麻岩的接触交代可能对成矿提供了部分物源。矿石样品和蚀变岩样品中均出现不同程度的Tb、Tm元素正异常, 说明成矿物质来源可能受到了地壳岩石的影响。上宫金矿田δEu-Au相关图解显示, 成矿过程中, 随着Au元素的富集, Eu元素也出现相对富集。  相似文献   

The timing of salt structure growth in the Southern Permian Basin (Central Europe) and implications for basin dynamics     

Michael Warsitzka  Fabian Jhne‐Klingberg  Jonas Kley  Nina Kukowski 《Basin Research》2019,31(2):337-360

In this paper, a literature‐based compilation of the timing and history of salt tectonics in the Southern Permian Basin (Central Europe) is presented. The tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the Southern Permian Basin is influenced by salt movement and the structural development of various types of salt structures. The compilation presented here was used to characterize the following syndepositional growth stages of the salt structures: (a) “phase of initiation”; (b) phase of fastest growth (“main activity”); and (c) phase of burial’. We have also mapped the spatial pattern of potential mechanisms that triggered the initiation of salt structures over the area studied and summarized them for distinct regions (sub‐basins, platforms, etc.). The data base compiled and the set of maps produced from it provide a detailed overview of the spatial and temporal distribution of salt tectonic activity enabling the correlation of tectonic phases between specific regions of the entire Southern Permian Basin. Accordingly, salt movements were initiated in deeply subsided graben structures and fault zones during the Early and Middle Triassic. In these areas, salt structures reached their phase of main activity already during the Late Triassic or the Jurassic and were mostly buried during the Early Cretaceous. Salt structures in less subsided sub‐basins and platform regions of the Southern Permian Basin mostly started to grow during the Late Triassic. The subsequent phase of main activity of these salt structures took place from the Late Cretaceous to the Cenozoic. The analysis of the trigger mechanisms revealed that most salt structures were initiated by large‐offset normal faults in the sub‐salt basement in the large graben structures and minor normal faulting associated with thin‐skinned extension in the less subsided basin parts.  相似文献