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陆地表层水分的盈缺直接关系到局地气候变化.本文利用黄土高原塬区初夏至盛夏期两次陆面过程野外试验(LOess Plateau land surface process field EXperiment 2005,LOPEX05和LOPEX06)的野外试验观测资料,分析了试验期间黄土高原白庙塬区不同下垫面的水分蒸散和表层土壤水分盈缺状况.结果表明:在土壤水分比较充足的条件下,植被蒸腾增加量在正午时的峰值为0.05 mm·h-1,而较大降水发生后的首个晴日.冬小麦地和裸地的蒸散分别可达4.60 mm·d-和3.70 mm·d-1.局地降水是影响陆面蒸散量变化的主要因素,而植被冠层的存在增加了陆面蒸散发量中的植物蒸腾量值.2006年4月下旬到7月中旬,裸地的水分缺失为16.3 mm·m2,冬小麦地的水分缺失为39.9mm·m2.其中缺失最严重的时间段为5月下旬到6月上旬,最大旬缺失量达16.5 mm·m2,7月上旬和中旬,由于降水季节来临,土壤水分有少量盈余.在2005年7月中旬至8月下旬,玉米地和裸地的水分盈余分别为17.9 mm·m2和25.3 mm·m2.不同时间尺度的统计均表明,降水不仅是影响陆面蒸散量的主要因素,而且也是表层土壤水分盈缺的决定性因子. 相似文献
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A geochemical survey of trace elements in agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil in Dexing area,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In China, soil pollution is very serious, which has jeopardized the ecology, food safety, the people's health, and even the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to investigate the soil pollution situation, a total of 874 agricultural and non-agricultural topsoil samples were collected from Dexing area, northeast of Jiangxi Province, China. The total elemental concentrations of 17 elements (As, Hg, Mo, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ti, Pb, Fe, Ca, K, Si, Al, Mg, and Na) were determined. The geochemical background and threshold was predicted with the method of the median ± median absolute deviation (MAD). The agricultural soil median concentration of trace elements was similar to that of the non-agricultural soil. In contrast to Jiangxi soil background of trace elements, the geochemical background of the study area was obviously higher. The maps of the pollution indices for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Ti and Zn of non-agricultural soil and agricultural soils in the study area, showed that the highest level of pollution is distributed near and along the Lean River, especially in the neighboring and surrounding Dexing and Leping mining area. 相似文献
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Major element compositions of 36 bulk samples and 41 clay samples, which were obtained from 47 topsoils collected in monsoonal eastern China, were investigated with conventional wet chemistry and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, respectively. Based on major element analyses, the mobility of major elements and latitudinal distributions of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and weathering index of Parker (WIP) were analyzed. Meanwhile, the suitability of these chemical weathering indices to topsoils in monsoonal eastern China and its controls were discussed.These investigations indicate that Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si are relatively depleted, while Mn, P, Fe and Ti are relatively enriched in topsoils of the study area by comparison with their contents in the upper continent crust (UCC), and that alkali metal (Na, K) and alkaline earth metal (Ca, Mg) elements are generally easier to be depleted from their parent materials than other major elements during chemical weathering. The latitudinal distributions of CIA, CIW and WIP show that they are suitable to both bulk and clay samples, but SiO2/Al2O3 is only suitable to clay samples, not suitable in bulk ones. All these investigations indicate a significant dependence of grain-size in major element abundance and latitudinal distributions of SiO2/Al2O3, CIA, CIW and WIP, but parent rock type has little effect on them, except its impact on the latitudinal distribution of WIP in clay samples. The significant grain-size dependence probably indicates the presence of unaltered minerals in bulk samples, thus we suggest that clay samples are more suitable to investigating chemical weathering of sediments on continents than bulk samples. The trivial effect of parent rock type probably indicates a relatively uniform chemical weathering on various parent rocks. Correlation analyses indicate that climate is the dominant control of chemical weathering of topsoils in the study area, and the significant latitude effect indicated by the spatial distributions of chemical weathering indices actually reflect the climate control on chemical weathering of topsoils.Chemical weathering indices actually reflect the integrated weathering history in the study area. Besides the dominant control of climate, other factors like tectonics, parent rock, biology, landform and soil depth and age might also have some effect on the chemical weathering of topsoils in the study area, which needs further research. 相似文献
4.
The effect of climate warming and permafrost thaw on desertification in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Four sets of remote sensing images from 1987, 1994, 2000, and 2006, 50 years of meteorological and soil moisture data corresponding to different desertified lands were combined with populations and livestock data to analyze the process and cause of desertification in a portion of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It showed that surface soil temperature in the region has increased at an average rate of 0.6 °C per decade between 1980 and 2005, the thawing days on the surface have increased by 60 days from 1983 to 2001, and the depth of the seasonal thawing layer has increased by 54 cm, 102 cm and 77 cm in April, May and June, respectively, from 1983 to 2003. As a result, the upper soil layer has become drier due to the thickening active layer and soil water infiltration. These changes, in turn, have inhibited the growth of alpine meadow vegetation that has shallow root systems. It is concluded that climate warming and permafrost thawing have caused desertification in grazing regions of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). 相似文献
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以2004～2006年间野外采样数据，采用土壤类型法对川中丘陵区（内江、资阳和遂宁三市）紫色土表层土壤有机碳密度及储量进行估算，分析了土壤有机碳密度的分布差异。据统计研究区紫色土面积为9070．19km^2，研究结果：表层土壤有机碳密度介于3．32kgC／m^2～1．71kgC／m^2间，具有高度的变异性，表层土壤有机碳储量为1．84Tg。并对影响紫色土有机碳分布的母质、地形和土地利用方式等因素进行了分析：不同成土母质上发育的表层土壤有机碳密度有差异，但均与母岩及其风化物有较强的相关性；主要土属从丘顶到丘脚土壤有机碳密度均逐渐增高；不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳密度不同，但基本遵循疏林地〉荒草地〉坡耕地的规律。 相似文献
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Biological soil crust development and its topsoil properties in the process of dune stabilization, Inner Mongolia, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This study was undertaken at Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Field samples of biological soil crusts (BSCs)
and underlying topsoil (0–5 cm under BSC) were taken in areas of different dune stabilization stages, and their physicochemical
properties were analyzed, including particle size distribution, bulk density, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, electrical
conductivity (EC), pH, and CaCO3 content. The results revealed that semi-mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes and fixed dunes had developed a physical crust, algae
crust and moss crust, respectively. The thickness, hardness, water content, fine fraction and nutrient contents of BSCs were
gradually increasing along the dune stabilization gradient. Meanwhile, BSC establishment and development enhanced the bulk
density, silt and clay content, and nutrients of the topsoil under it, in an increasing tend from semi-mobile dune to fixed
dune. Organic matter concentrations and other nutrients in the 0–5 cm topsoil layer under BSCs were significantly higher compared
to unconsolidated soil (control). Moreover, there were strong significant positive correlations between topsoil and BSCs’
organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, CaCO3, and <0.05 mm particle content, suggesting that BSCs have an influence on some of the properties of the underlying topsoil. 相似文献
9.
Concentrations of rare earth elements in topsoil from East China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Fifty topsoil samples collected from 12 different regions of East China have been analyzed for rare earth elements (REEs).
The average REE concentrations of the 50 topsoil samples are much higher than world average and are characterized by LREE-enrichment,
HREE-depletion, Eu-depletion and Ce-enrichment. However, the REE concentration is not strongly affected by the climate of
the sampling site; it is controlled mainly by parent materials. The plot of Ce/Eu against Eu/Sm is proved to be useful to
distinguish different parent materials of topsoil. Each element in the 50 topsoil has a good correlation with its neighboring
element. Seven of the 13 values are above 0.987. 相似文献
10.
Influence of topsoil of pyroclastic origin on microbial contamination of groundwater in fractured carbonate aquifers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gino Naclerio Emma Petrella Valentina Nerone Vincenzo Allocca Pantaleone De Vita Fulvio Celico 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(6):1057-1064
The aim of the research was to analyse the influence of a topsoil of pyroclastic origin on microbial contamination of groundwater in a carbonate aquifer and verify the reliability of thermotolerant coliforms and fecal enterococci as bacterial indicators. The research was carried out through hydrogeological and microbiological monitoring at an experimental field site in Italy during two hydrologic years and through column tests in a laboratory. The taxonomic classification of fecal indicators detected in spring water samples was performed using API20 galleries. Fecal enterococci were also identified by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The topsoil of pyroclastic origin significantly retains both thermotolerant coliforms and fecal enterococci. Results of column tests carried out in soil blocks collected randomly within the test site suggest that Escherichia coli was more retained than Enterococcus faecalis, even though this difference is statistically significant in only two out of six soil samples. Thus, a non-uniform difference in retention is expected at field scale. This suggestion is in agreement with the results of the microbiological monitoring. In fact, fecal enterococci were a more reliable indicator than thermotolerant coliforms for detecting contamination at both seasonal springs of the aquifer system, while no significant differences were observed at the perennial spring. 相似文献