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21世纪地球科学已经发展成为结合与联系了生物科学、社会科学、计算机科学、物质科学和工程科学等许多学科在内的真正跨学科科学。地球科学面临新的挑战和发展机遇,为了更深入地理解地球及其内部的相互作用,要求地球科学必须应用整体系统性分析方法,探索应用来自所有科学与工程学科的最新知识和技术。美国科学基金会(NSF)地球科学咨询委员会(AC-GEO)针对地球科学面临的新挑战,指导"地球科学远景工作组"(GEO Vision Working Group)制订了地球科学未来发展的新的规划:《地球科学远景(GEOVISION)——通过地球科学揭示未被拆散的地球的复杂性》,强调从整体系统角度来迎接地球科学未来面临的挑战。主要介绍《地球科学远景报告》的主要观点,AC-GEO提出的地球科学面临的3大挑战、5个重大科学问题,以及迎接挑战的3个措施与10个建议。 相似文献
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Improvements in communication and processing technologies have opened the doors to exploit on-board cameras to compute objects’ spatial attitude using only the visual information from sequences of remote sensed images. The strategies and the algorithmic approach used to extract such information affect the estimation accuracy of the three-axis orientation of the object.This work presents a method for analyzing the most relevant error sources, including numerical ones, possible drift effects and their influence on the overall accuracy, referring to vision-based approaches. The method in particular focuses on the analysis of the image registration algorithm, carried out through on-purpose simulations. The overall accuracy has been assessed on a challenging case study, for which accuracy represents the fundamental requirement. In particular, attitude determination has been analyzed for small satellites, by comparing theoretical findings to metric results from simulations on realistic ground-truth data. Significant laboratory experiments, using a numerical control unit, have further confirmed the outcome.We believe that our analysis approach, as well as our findings in terms of error characterization, can be useful at proof-of-concept design and planning levels, since they emphasize the main sources of error for visual based approaches employed for satellite attitude estimation. Nevertheless, the approach we present is also of general interest for all the affine applicative domains which require an accurate estimation of three-dimensional orientation parameters (i.e., robotics, airborne stabilization). 相似文献
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蒙特利海湾研究所(Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute,MBARI)作为一家私营、非赢利性的研究机构,由于其独特的办所理念和运作机制,在短短20多年的时间里即跻身于世界海洋科学与技术的领先地位.MBARI最重要的基本原则是科学家和工程师之间的平等关系,MBARI所有的研究项目... 相似文献
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遥感影像智能图解及其地学认知问题探索 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
本文提出遥感地学智能图解模型 (RSIGIM)概念 ,主要内容是如何模拟地学专家对遥感影像的综合解译和分析过程 ,对遥感影像中包含的地物目标进行描述、识别、分类和解释 ,提取遥感影像中地物目标所属的类别 ,判别其大小、结构、相互关系等地学属性及遥感成像机理、内部特征 ,进一步融合地学分析模型 ,预测地理现象和地理过程的发展趋势 ,作出决策性规划。 RSIGIM的核心问题——遥感地学智能图解中的认知模型 ,具有层次结构 ,从低到高包括基于数理统计的影像基本处理和分析模型、基于神经计算模型影像视觉生理认知模型和基于符号知识逻辑心理认知模型等三个层次的分析认知模型。 相似文献
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Underwater robot positioning and navigation achieve autonomous underwater robot movement based on the premise that positioning obtains the coordinates of the relative position of the underwater robot using a sensor, and navigation yields a known location to the destination path planning. Due to the location of an underwater robot and the complex and changing environment in which it operates, it is difficult to achieve precise positioning using the traditional positioning method. This paper systematically analyzes and summarizes several typical localization and navigation methods of underwater robots, such as multisensor information fusion technology, underwater acoustic localization and navigation methods, GPS buoy, underwater vision, SLAM and coordinate localization and navigation of multiple underwater robots. Multisensory information fusion technology integrates the advantages of the above methods, enhances the system stability and robustness, overcomes the disadvantages of traditional positioning and navigation, and enables the autonomous navigation and positioning of underwater robots. Underwater acoustics enable flexible and convenient positioning, whereas GPS can achieve high-precision and high-positioning navigation information, and visual positioning effectively overcomes the problem of error accumulation. Multirobot cooperative positioning resolves the problem of positioning failure caused by the collapse of a single system and completes complex tasks that cannot be completed by a single robot, thus enhancing the stability and robustness of the system. This paper systematically describes the realization of these methods, presents an actual analysis of their respective advantages and problems, and discusses the development of the field of research prospects and application prospects. 相似文献
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自动成像协会(AutomatedImagingAssociation,AIA)在2013年初发布了用于高速图像数据传输的USB3Vision标准。首先简要介绍了基于该标准的EMCCD相机高速数据传输系统的设计方案,重点介绍了传输系统的构建和图像采集软件的设计。其中,传输系统的构建主要是在QUARTUSII的开发环境下,移植EMCCD相机数字控制器,使用VHDL语言编程设计一个控制器,产生USB3.0芯片USB3014的读写时序以及相关的逻辑信号,并且完成模拟图像产生和针对USB3Vision标准的数据传输格式转换的功能;图像采集软件的编写是在VS2010开发环境下利用CYPRESS公司提供的应用程序接151(API),采用c++语言实现。最后进行了模拟图像的采集实验,并且进行了误码率估算。 相似文献