Growing season evapotranspiration in boreal fens in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region: Variability and environmental controls     

Olena Volik  Eric Kessel  Adam Green  Richard Petrone  Jonathan Price 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14020

Current efforts to assess changes to the wetland hydrology caused by growing anthropogenic pressures in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) require well-founded spatial and temporal estimates of actual evapotranspiration (ET), which is the dominant component of the water budget in this region. This study assessed growing season (May–September) and peak growing season (July) ET variability at a treed moderate-rich fen and treed poor fen (in 2013–2018), open poor fen (in 2011–2014), and saline fen (in 2015–2018) using eddy covariance technique and a set of complementary environmental data. Seasonal fluctuations in ET were positively related to net radiation, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit and followed trends typical for the Boreal Plains (BP) and AOSR with highest rates in June–July. However, no strong effect of water table position on ET was found. Strong surface control on ET is evident from lower ET values than potential evapotranspiration (PET); the lowest ET/PET was observed at saline fen, followed by open fen, moderately treed fen, and heavily treed fen, suggesting a strong influence of vegetation on water loss. In most years PET exceeded precipitation (P), and positive relations between P/PET and ET were observed with the highest July ET rates occurring under P/PET ~1. However, during months with P/PET > 1, increased P/PET was associated with decreased July ET. With respect to 30-year mean values of air temperature and P in the area, both dry and wet, cool and warm growing seasons (GS) were observed. No clear trends between ET values and GS wetness/coldness were found, but all wet GS were characterized by peak growing seasons with high daily ET variability.  相似文献   

Access routes to high mountain huts facing climate-induced environmental changes and adaptive strategies in the Western Alps since the 1990s     

Jacques Mourey  Ludovic Ravanel  Christophe Lambiel  Joël Strecker  Mattia Piccardi 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(4):215-228

ABSTRACT

In the European Alps, high mountain environments are subject to major impacts resulting from climate change, which strongly affect human activities such as mountaineering. The purpose of the study was to examine changes in access routes to 30 high mountain huts in the Western Alps since the 1990s. Data were derived from the use of two different methods, geo-historical studies and a questionnaire, and were used to identify both the climate-related processes affecting the climbing routes and the strategies implemented by public entities, Alpine clubs, guide companies, and hut keepers to maintain acceptable safety and technical conditions. The case studies revealed issues affecting three access routes and the results from the questionnaire showed that the main processes affecting access routes were loss of ice thickness and retreat from the front of the glaciated areas. Commonly, in situ equipment was installed to facilitate access for mountaineers and/or a part of a route was relocated to a safer area. The authors conclude that in most cases, the measures were effective but they were limited by financial, ethical and legal issues, especially in protected or classified areas that could jeopardise their durability and effectiveness.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地块—扬子地块深部电性结构特征及其动力学意义     

吕宏斌  叶高峰  金胜  魏文博  董浩  张乐天  谢成良  尹曜田 《地质论评》2020,66(4):813-828

位于青藏高原东北缘的秦岭造山带在大地构造上南接扬子地块、北接华北地块,是特提斯构造域和古亚洲洋构造域的转换带。本文基于对一条起始于扬子地块,穿过秦岭造山带和鄂尔多斯地块,到达河套地堑的南北向大地电磁测深剖面的研究,探讨秦岭造山带和其北侧的鄂尔多斯地块、南侧的扬子地块之间的接触关系,以及青藏高原物质东北向逃逸等地学问题。对实测数据进行了张量阻抗分解和维性分析等工作,并对剖面进行了二维反演,获得岩石圈电性结构模型。根据电阻率模型认为:在秦岭造山带北部发现大规模"瓶颈状"分布的低阻异常体(C2),可能为华北、华南地块双向俯冲前缘地幔物质的上涌通道,或者是青藏高原中、下地壳物质沿秦岭造山带中构造薄弱位置向东逃逸的通道;在秦岭造山带和大巴山弧形带边界处发现南倾的低阻异常(C1),解释为大巴山弧形带北缘的逆冲断裂在电性上的反映;电性结构模型中,扬子地块高阻异常体(R2、R3和R4)向北倾斜至秦岭造山带下方,而北部鄂尔多斯地块的高阻异常体(R5和R6)向南倾斜至秦岭造山带下方;高阻异常通常被认为是稳定岩石圈的反映,据此推断这两组相向俯冲至秦岭造山带下方的高阻异常是华北地块和扬子地块向秦岭造山带下方汇聚的电性结构探测依据;鄂尔多斯地块南、北电性差异较大,北部中、下地壳大规模分布电阻率值在3～100Ω·m之间的低阻异常体,可能为地幔上涌导致的局部熔融或含盐流体共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Tropical cyclones and multiscale climate variability: The active western North Pacific Typhoon season of 2018     

Wu  Liang  Zhang  Hongjie  Feng  Tao  Tang  Yulian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(1):1-11

The 2018 typhoon season in the western North Pacific(WNP) was highly active, with 26 named tropical cyclones(TCs) from June to November, which exceeded the climatological mean(22) and was the second busiest season over the past twenty years. More TCs formed in the eastern region of the WNP and the northern region of the South China Sea(SCS). More TCs took the northeast quadrant in the WNP, recurving from northwestward to northward and causing heavy damages in China's Mainland(69.73 billion yuan) in 2018. Multiscale climate variability is conducive to an active season via an enhanced monsoon trough and a weakened subtropical high in the WNP. The large-scale backgrounds in 2018 showed a favorable environment for TCs established by a developing central Pacific(CP) El Ni?o and positive Pacific meridional mode(PMM)episode on interannual timescales. The tropical central Pacific(TCP) SST forcing exhibits primary control on TCs in the WNP and large-scale circulations, which are insensitive to the PMM. During CP El Ni?o years, anomalous convection associated with the TCP warming leads to significantly increased anomalous cyclonic circulation in the WNP because of a Gill-type Rossby wave response. As a result, the weakened subtropical high and enhanced monsoon trough shift eastward and northward, which favor TC genesis and development. Although such increased TC activity in 2018 might be slightly suppressed by interdecadal climate variability, it was mostly attributed to the favorable interannual background. In addition, high-frequency climate signals,such as intraseasonal oscillations(ISOs) and synoptic-scale disturbances(SSDs), interacted with the enhanced monsoon trough and strongly modulated regional TC genesis and development in 2018.  相似文献   

西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应     

马骏  宋金明  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁  段丽琴  王启栋 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):322-331

作为大洋典型地貌特征的海山,其邻近的海洋生境并不被人熟知。依据2014年冬季对热带西太平洋Y3海山及其邻近海域的综合调查,首次探讨了该海山区海水中营养盐的分布特征及其与生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明Y3海山区是典型的热带寡营养海域。在50~125 m的深度,温跃层和高盐区双重作用对底部高浓度营养盐向上输送的阻碍,是导致真光层上部营养盐浓度较低的重要原因;同时,浮游植物和异养细菌的消耗也加剧了该区域营养盐的缺乏。Y3海山突出的地形地貌对营养盐的分布产生重要的影响,海山对流经的海流产生阻碍,形成上升流,使底部高浓度的营养盐突破温跃层和高盐区的阻碍向上输送,从而使海山周围营养盐的平均浓度高于远离海山的海域。相关性分析显示,Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和异养细菌丰度分别呈负相关、正相关、负相关(除NO₂-N外)和负相关关系。海山区特殊的营养盐分布及其与生态环境的耦合是其成为一种独特的大洋生态系统的重要因素。  相似文献   

Redox evolution of western Tianshan subduction zone and its effect on deep carbon cycle     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):915-924

Knowing the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases at high-pressure(HP) and high-temperature(HT) condition is essential for understanding the deep carbon cycle in the subduction zones.In particular,the phase relation of carbon-bearing phases is also strongly influenced by redox condition of subduction zones,which is poorly explored.Here we summarized the phase relations of carbon-bearing phases(calcite,aragonite,dolomite,magnesite,graphite,hydrocarbon) in HP metamorphic rocks(marble,metapelite,eclogite) from the Western Tianshan subduction zone and high-pressure experiments.During prograde progress of subduction,carbonates in altered oceanic crust change from Ca-carbonate(calcite) to Ca,Mg-carbonate(dolomite),then finally to Mgcarbonate(magnesite) via Mg-Ca cation exchange reaction between silicate and carbonate,while calcite in sedimentary calcareous ooze on oceanic crust directly transfers to high-pressure aragonite in marble or amorphous CaCO3 in subduction zones.Redox evolution also plays a significant effect on the carbon speciation in the Western Tianshan subduction zone.The prograde oxygen fugacity of the Western Tianshan subduction zone was constrained by mineral assemblage of garnet-omphacite from FMQ-1.9 to FMQ-2.5 at its metamorphic peak(maximum P-T) conditions.In comparison with redox conditions of other subduction zones,Western Tianshan has the lowest oxygen fugacity.Graphite and light hydrocarbon inclusions were ubiqutously identified in Western Tianshan HP metamorphic rocks and speculated to be formed from reduction of Fe-carbonate at low redox condition,which is also confirmed by high-pressure experimental simulation.Based on petrological observation and high-pressure simulation,a polarized redox model of reducing slab but oxidizing mantle wedge in subduction zone is proposed,and its effect on deep carbon cycle in subduction zones is further discussed.  相似文献   

微量元素分析在判别沉积环境中的应用——以柴达木盆地西部锶矿区富锶地层为例          下载免费PDF全文

年秀清  韩凤清  韩继龙  毛庆飞  马喆 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1):66-72

沉积岩中的微量元素对沉积环境水介质的变化较为敏感,是研究沉积物沉积时古气候、古环境的有效手段。选取了对沉积环境介质较为敏感的锶(Sr)、钡(Ba)、铜(Cu)、铀(U)、钒(V)、镍(Ni)、钍(Th)等元素作为判别指标,对柴达木盆地西部上新统油砂山组、狮子沟组和更新统七个泉组三套富锶岩层的古气候和古沉积环境特征进行了研究。结果表明,柴达木盆地西部从油砂山组到七个泉组沉积时总体上为干旱的气候环境;湖盆水体的盐度较高,表现为咸水环境,且从油砂山组到七个泉组随着地层变新,盐度有逐渐增大的趋势;油砂山组、狮子沟组和七个泉组沉积时湖盆水体均表现为中等分层、湖水循环较为顺畅的氧化环境。  相似文献   

Location and probability of shoal margin collapses in a sandy estuary          下载免费PDF全文

Wout M. van Dijk  Dick R. Mastbergen  Geeralt A. van den Ham  Jasper R. F. W. Leuven  Maarten G. Kleinhans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(11):2342-2357

Channel bank failure, and collapses of shoal margins and beaches due to flow slides, have been recorded in Dutch estuaries for the past 200 years but have hardly been recognized elsewhere. Current predictions lack forecasting capabilities, because they were validated and calibrated for historic data of cross‐sections in specific systems, allowing local hindcast rather than location and probability forecasting. The objectives of this study were to investigate where on shoal margins collapses typically occur and what shoal margin collapse geometries and volumes are, such that we can predict their occurrence. We identified shoal margin collapses, generally completely submerged, from bathymetry data by analyzing digital elevation models of difference of the Western Scheldt for the period 1959–2015. We used the bathymetry data to determine the conditions for occurrence, specifically to obtain slope height and angle, and applied these variables in a shoal margin collapse predictor. We found 299 collapses along 300 km of shoal margin boundaries over 56 years, meaning that more than five collapses occur on average per year. The average shoal margin collapse body is well approximated by a 1/3 ellipsoid shape, covers on average an area of 34 000 m² and has an average volume of 100 000 m³. Shoal margin collapses occur mainly at locations where shoals take up a proportionally larger area than average in the cross‐section of the entire estuary, and occur most frequently where lateral shoal margin displacement is low. A receiver operating characteristic curve shows that the forecasting method predicts the shoal margin collapse location well. We conclude that the locations of the shoal margin collapses are well predicted by the variation in conditions of the relative slope height and angle within the Western Scheldt, and likely locations are at laterally relatively stable shoal margins. This provides hypotheses aiding the recognition of these features in sandy estuaries worldwide. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Assessment of soil erosion in a monsoon-dominated mountain river basin in India using RUSLE-SDR and AHP   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jobin Thomas  Sabu Joseph  K. P. Thrivikramji 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(4):542-560

The long-term average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) in a tropical monsoon-dominated river basin in the southern Western Ghats, India (Muthirapuzha River Basin, MRB; area: 271.75 km²), were predicted by coupling the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) models. Moreover, the study also delineated soil erosion risk zones based on the soil erosion potential index (SEPI) using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Mean A of the basin is 14.36 t ha^?1 year^?1, while mean SY is only 3.65 t ha^?1 year^?1. Although the land use/land cover types with human interference show relatively lower A compared to natural vegetation, their higher SDR values reflect the significance of anthropogenic activities in accelerated soil erosion. The soil erosion risk in the MRB is strongly controlled by slope, land use/land cover and relative relief, compared to geomorphology, drainage density, stream frequency and lineament frequency.  相似文献   

解郁安神法联合体外反搏对PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床疗效观察          下载免费PDF全文

王敏  徐新利  姜光萍 《应用海洋学学报》2020,36(12):1

目的：观察解郁安神法联合体外反搏（EECP）对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床疗效。方法：将80例冠心病PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组采用PCI术后规范化治疗,同时联合EECP治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加服解郁安神方治疗,随访观察7周,比较2组临床证候疗效、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、西雅图心绞痛调查量表（SAQ）评分。结果：总有效率治疗组为82.5%（33/40）,高于对照组的60.0%（24/40）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组SAS、SDS、SAQ评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：解郁安神法联合EECP治疗可明显改善PCI术后气滞血瘀型胸痹患者的临床症状,缓解焦虑抑郁程度,提高患者生活质量,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献