Lead isotope evolution of the Central European upper mantle:Constraints from the Bohemian Massif     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):925-942

The Pb isotope composition of the upper mantle beneath Central Europe is heterogeneous due to the subduction of regionally contrasting material during the Variscan and Alpine orogenies.Late Variscan to Cenozoic mantlederived melts allow mapping this heterogeneity on a regional scale for the last ca.340 Myr.Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic anorogenic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif(lamprophyres,volcanic rocks of basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series) concentrate mostly in the Eger Rift.Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres yielded the most radiogenic Pb isotope signatures reflecting a maximum contribution from metasomatised lithospheric mantle,whereas Tertiary alkaline lamprophyres originated from mantle with less radiogenic ~(206)Pb/~(204)b ratios suggesting a more substantial modification of lithospheric source by interaction with asthenosphericderived melts.Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the basanite/tephrite and trachyte/phonolite series define a linear mixing trend between these components,indicating dilution of the initial lithospheric mantle signature by upwelling asthenosphere during rifting.The Pb isotope composition of Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic rocks of the Bohemian Massif follows the same Pb growth curve as Variscan orogenic lamprophyres and lamproites that formed during the collision between Laurussia,Gondwana,and associated terranes.This implies that the crustal Pb signature in the post-Variscan mantle is repeatedly sampled by younger anorogenic melts.Most Cenozoic mantle-derived rocks of Central Europe show similar Pb isotope ranges as the Bohemian Massif.  相似文献   

华北板块南缘中段中上三叠统软沉积变形构造的发现及其地质意义     

全晓园  刘池洋  张龙  张东东  王建强  马奂奂  冯琦  翟光麾 《现代地质》2020,34(2):333-344

豫西地区中上三叠统主要出露在济源、义马、伊川和南召一带。印支期秦岭造山运动控制和影响着邻区中上三叠统盆地属性和沉积地层展布。通过观察研究区野外露头剖面,发现中上三叠统发育一系列典型的软沉积变形构造,包括液化底辟、枕状构造、液化柱、液化卷曲变形、负载、球-枕、火焰状构造、液化角砾岩。这些软沉积变形在垂向上表现出明显的复现性,在侧向上表现为沿地层连续展布,表明该时期研究区内地层受到频繁强烈的地震影响。通过对这些软沉积现象的识别和形成机制解释,判定其触发因素为秦岭造山过程中伴生的地震。区内地层中震积岩的存在即是对秦岭造山过程中构造活动的响应。  相似文献   

Mantle plumes,triple junctions and transforms:A reinterpretation of Pacific Cretaceous-Tertiary LIPs and the Laramide connection     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(4):1133-1144

The Shatsky and Hess Rises,the Mid-Pacific Mountains and the Line Islands large igneous provinces(LIPs) present different challenges to conventional plume models.Resolving the genesis of these LIPs is important not only for a more complete understanding of mantle plumes and plume-generated magmatism,but also for establishing the role of subducted LIP conjugates in the evolution of the Laramide orogeny and other circum-Pacific orogenic events,which are related to the development of large porphyry systems.Given past difficulties in developing consistent geodynamic models for these LIPs,it is useful to consider whether viable alternative geodynamic scenarios may be provided by recent concepts such as melt channel networks and channel-associated lineaments,along with the "two mode"model of melt generation,where a deeply-sourced channel network is superimposed on the plume,evolving and adapting over millions of years.A plume may also interact with transform faults in close proximity to a mid ocean ridge,with the resultant bathymetric character strongly affected by the relative age difference of lithosphere across the fault.Our results suggest that the new two-mode melt models resolve key persistent issues associated with the Shatsky Rise and other LIPs and provide evidence for the existence of a conduit system within plumes that feed deeply-sourced material to the plume head,with flow maintained over considerable distances.The conduit system eventually breaks down during plume-ridge separation and may do so prior to the plume head being freed from the triple junction or spreading ridge.There is evidence for not only plume head capture by a triple junction but also for substantial deformation of the plume stem as the distance between the stem and anchored plume head increases.The evidence suggests that young transforms can serve as pathways for plume material migration,at least in certain plume head-transform configurations.A fortuitous similarity between the path of the Shatsky and Sio plumes,with respect to young spreading ridges and transforms,helps to clarify previously problematic bathymetric features that were not readily ascribed to fixed plumes alone.The Line Island Chain,which has been the subject of a vast number of models,is related mainly to several plumes that passed beneath the same region of oceanic crust,a relatively rare event that has resulted in LIP formation rather than a regular seamount track.Our findings have important implications for the timing and mechanism for the Laramide Orogeny in North America,demonstrating that the Hess Rise conjugate may be much smaller than traditionally thought.The Mid Pacific Mountains conjugate may not exist at all,given large parts of these LIPs were formed at an ‘off-ridge' site.This needs to be taken into account while considering the effects of conjugate collision on mineralization and orogenic events.  相似文献   

Rhyacian and Neoproterozoic magmatic associations of the Gurupi Belt,Brazil: Implications for the tectonic evolution,and regional correlations     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(6):2243-2269

The Gurupi Belt, in north-northeastern Brazil, is a mobile belt developed in the south-southwestern margin of the São Luís cratonic fragment and crops out as a tectonic and erosional window within the Phanerozoic cover. Field, petrographic, geochemical, geochronological, and Nd isotopic information (new and published) constrain the timing and types of magmatic associations present in the belt and the tectonic settings in which they formed. The Rhyacian was the main period of magmatic activity, which can be grouped into two main stages. (1) ~2185–2130 ​Ma: pre-collisional, juvenile, calc-alkaline magnesian and calcic ferroan granitoid suites, and minor calc-alkaline and tholeiitic mafic plutonism (now amphibolites), formed in intra-oceanic to transitional/continental arcs; and intra- or back-arc volcano-sedimentary basin. (2) ~2125–2070 ​Ma: syn- (two-mica granites) to late-collisional (potassic to shoshonitic granites and quartz-syenite) plutonic suites produced after crustal thickening and melting, with localized migmatization, that intruded during the compressive D₁ deformational phase and concomitantly with greenschist to amphibolite metamorphism. There is a zonation of the Rhyacian episodes, with intra-oceanic stages occurring to the northeast, and the continental arc and collisional phases occurring to the southwest, indicating the presence of an active continental margin to the southwest, and subduction from NE to SW (present-day configuration). This magmatic framework is a continuation to the south of what is described for the São Luís cratonic fragment to the north, and the orogenic scenario is identical to what is observed for the same period in the West African Craton (Eburnean/Birrimian orogen), which additionally supports previous geological correlations. In the Neoproterozoic, a few magmatic occurrences are recognized. An extensional event allowed the intrusion of an anorogenic, nepheline syenite at ca. 730 Ma, which was followed by the intrusion of a crustal, calc-alkaline microtonalite, of uncertain tectonic setting, at 624 ​Ma. Both intrusions underwent greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism between 580 Ma and 529 ​Ma. This metamorphic event is probably related to crustal thickening, which produced crustal melting and intrusion of two-mica granites between 595 Ma and 549 ​Ma. The absence of oceanic and arc-related assemblages, along with geophysical information about the basement of the Phanerozoic cover indicates an intracontinental setting for the Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian evolution of the Gurupi Belt, with rifting and posterior closure of the basin, without oceanization. Rifting and closure correlate in time with the onset of Rodinia breakup and West Gondwana assembly, respectively, but we interpret the events in the Gurupi Belt as having no direct role in these two global supercontinent-related events, but, instead, as being related to orogenic events occurring in the periphery of the West African and Amazonian cratons at that time.  相似文献   

Isotope Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints on the Magmatic Associations of the Collisional Orogenic Zone in the West Kunlun Orogen,China     

WANG Chan  LIU Hao  DENG Jianghong  LIU Xianfan  ZHAO Fufeng  WANG Chun  TIAN Xin 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):482-498

The Jiajiwaxi pluton in the southern portion of the West Kunlun Range can be divided into two collision–related intrusive rock series, i.e., a gabbro–quartz diorite–granodiorite series that formed at 224±2.0 Ma and a monzonitic granite–syenogranite series that formed at 222±2.0 Ma. The systematic analysis of zircon U-Pb geochronology and bulk geochemistry is used to discuss the magmatic origin(material source and thermal source), tectonic setting, genesis and geotectonic implications of these rocks. The results of this analysis indicate that the parent magma of the first series, representing a transition from I-type to S-type granites, formed from thermally triggered partial melting of deep crustal components in an early island–arc–type igneous complex, similar to an I-type granite, during the continental collision orogenic stage. The parent magma of the second series, corresponding to an S-type granite, formed from the partial melting of forearc accretionary wedge sediments in a subduction zone in the late Palaeozoic–Triassic. During continued collision, the second series magma was emplaced into the first series pluton along a central fault zone in the original island arc region, forming an immiscible puncture-type complex. The deep tectonothermal events associated with the continent–continent collision during the orogenic cycle are constrained by the compositions and origins of the two series. The new information provided by this paper will aid in future research into the dynamic mechanisms affecting magmatic evolution in the West Kunlun orogenic belt.  相似文献   

河北柳江盆地柳江村上石盒子组露头研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘梦瀛  胡光明  左宇  范一鸣  王旭阳 《沉积与特提斯地质》2018,38(4):104-110

目前资料对柳江盆地上石盒子组沉积特征的描述比较简略,针对这种情况,本团队详细考察了柳江村小北山露头,以期揭示上石盒子组更多的沉积特征。通过对3条剖面进行分层,并详细描述岩层的岩性特征和沉积构造,认为该露头发育有侧积体和典型的牛轭湖,为曲流河沉积体系。根据河相经验公式算出其弯曲度大于1. 7,为高弯度曲流河。在演化过程中,曲流河的规模逐渐变小,同时经历了频繁改道和迁移。此项研究对于实习教学和河流构型研究均有参考价值。  相似文献   

云南滇西地区早古生代增生杂岩的厘定及其洋壳俯冲消减作用——基于1∶5万文东幅地质调查的新认识          下载免费PDF全文

彭智敏  王保弟  胡金锋  付于真  王国芝  张辑  刘云鹤  张璋  关俊雷  韩文文 《中国地质》2022,49(5):1656-1672

【研究目的】 澜沧岩群一直存在较大争议,查明澜沧岩群的物质组成、构造属性、时代及变质变形特征具有重要的意义,为进一步重建特提斯的时空格架提供重要的基础资料。【研究方法】 在1∶5万详细野外调查的基础上,系统开展LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学等综合研究。【研究结果】 查明了澜沧岩群的物质组成及变质变形特征,具有基质+块体的构造混杂岩特征,经历了3期变质变形,整体表现为逆冲推覆-增生造山的构造变形样式。通过碎屑锆石、变酸性岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结合已有的研究资料,厘定其形成时代为早古生代。澜沧岩群中高压变质岩的原岩具有岩浆弧、OIB和E-MORB的特征,说明澜沧岩群经历了深俯冲、增生造山作用过程。【结论】 结合区域已有的研究资料及本文研究成果,认为澜沧岩群不是基底岩系,而是昌宁—孟连原-古特提斯洋俯冲消减形成的早古生代增生杂岩。  相似文献   

阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世赞岐质闪长岩的发现及其地质意义     

曾忠诚  洪增林  边小卫  陈宁  张若愚  李琦 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):345-357

本文以阿尔金造山带南缘出露的高镁赞岐质闪长岩为研究对象,通过系统的野外地质工作、显微岩相学、年代学和全岩地球化学分析,探讨其成因类型和源区性质,限定了阿尔金造山带构造演化格架。闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明其形成年龄为(445±3) Ma,属晚奥陶世。地球化学数据显示:闪长岩Al₂O₃含量为15.11%~16.19%,且具有高MgO(3.93%~5.29%)和K₂O(1.68%~2.67%)含量的特征,属于高镁钙碱性准铝质岩石;闪长岩具有较高的Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)、Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)、Ba(606×10^-6~936×10^-6)、Sr(513×10^-6~734×10^-6)和Y(26.4×10^-6~31.1×10^-6)含量,与典型的高镁赞岐岩类地球化学特征一致;稀土配分图和微量元素蛛网图显示闪长岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如Rb和K),而亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ti和Zr),表现出与俯冲带环境岩浆岩相似的性质;高Ti/Zr比值(48~60)与Mg^#(46.74~53.06)、高Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)与高Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)含量等暗示闪长岩岩浆源区来自遭受俯冲组分交代过的富集岩石圈地幔。岩石成因分析表明,阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世高镁赞岐质闪长岩是后碰撞构造环境下俯冲板片断离诱发地幔楔发生减压熔融而形成,代表了早古生代最强烈的区域性幔源基性岩浆侵入事件。  相似文献   

大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架重建:来自俯冲增生杂岩研究进展     

杨晓平  钟辉  杨雅军  江斌  钱程  马永非  张超 《地学前缘》2022,29(2):94-114

大兴安岭地区古生代处于古亚洲洋闭合阶段,其间发育众多的弧盆系和蛇绿岩带,笔者等在大兴安岭地区1: 1 000 000地质编图和野外地质调研基础上,应用“洋板块地质”学术思想在大兴安岭地区元古宙、古生代地质体中划分出一系列“俯冲增生杂岩”、地块基底残块、岛弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地等构造单元,结合陆(地)块和岩浆弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地和“俯冲增生杂岩”的时空展布,划分出9条俯冲增生杂岩带,其中新识别出3条俯冲增生杂岩带。俯冲增生杂岩带主要分布于兴蒙造山带内部各地块之间和地块与大型岛弧带之间,相当于地块间及地块与岛弧带间的缝合带。依据俯冲增生杂岩带两侧对应的陆(地)块、岛弧带等构造级别,归并出5条结合带。俯冲增生杂岩带的展布方向以北东向为主,时代自北向南依次变新,从早奥陶世演化到中—晚二叠世,暗示古亚洲洋洋盆向大兴安岭地区陆(地)块俯冲作用最早发生在北部额尔古纳一带,逐渐向南后撤,不断形成新的洋壳和产生俯冲增生作用,相应的活动陆缘从北部额尔古纳地块向南逐渐增生,配套弧盆系时代也逐渐向南变新。早—中三叠世至西拉木伦一带发生陆-陆拼贴,完成华北板块与西伯利亚板块的对接。通过对大兴安岭地区古生代“俯冲增生杂岩”的研究,重建了大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架,提高了古亚洲洋东段洋-陆转换的研究程度。  相似文献   

年轻造山带洋板块地层^*          下载免费PDF全文

马慧磊  许淑梅  李三忠  舒鹏程  崔慧琪  孔家豪 《古地理学报》2022,24(1):11-32

重点分析和总结了由显生宙增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的年轻造山带洋板块地层--太平洋洋板块地层,也简要介绍了东古印度洋(东新特提斯洋)和古亚洲洋洋板块地层的重建情况。通过对阿拉斯加南部中生代增生地体、俄罗斯远东和中国东北侏罗纪-早白垩世增生复合体、日本二叠纪-侏罗纪-白垩纪等不同时期的增生复合体、菲律宾侏罗纪增生复合体和美国加州海岸山脉中侏罗世-古新世弗朗西斯卡杂岩体等不同单元的岩石学特征、古生物地层学、年代地层学、因逆冲导致的构造叠置和混杂失序特征及演化阶段的分析,重建了太平洋洋板块地层。其中加州海岸山脉中侏罗世-古新世弗朗西斯卡杂岩体的研究比较深入,对该区俯冲带上叠蛇绿岩(大峡谷群弧前盆地蛇绿岩)和弗朗西斯卡北部马林海岬杂岩体(原岩为洋中脊玄武岩)进行了有效区分,不仅还原了太平洋板块的俯冲碰撞过程,还厘清了与之伴生的弧前盆地裂陷和扩张过程。另外,板块俯冲的滞留和幕式增生在活动时间较短的板块俯冲体系中可能不容易识别。  相似文献