Alteration and mineralization styles of the orogenic disseminated Zhenyuan gold deposit,southeastern Tibet: Contrast with carlin gold deposit   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Huajian Li  Qingfei Wang  Jun Deng  Lin Yang  Chaoyi Dong  Huazhi Yu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(5):1849-1862

Orogenic disseminated and Carlin gold deposits share much similarity in alteration and mineralization.The disseminated orogenic Zhenyuan Au deposit along the Ailaoshan shear zone,southeastern Tibet,was selected to clarify their difference.The alteration and mineralization from the different lithologies,including meta-quartz sandstone,carbonaceous slate,meta-(ultra)mafic rock,quartz porphyry and lamprophyre were researched.According to the mineral assemblage and replacement relationship in all types of host rocks,two reactions show general control on gold deposition:(1)replacement of earlier magnetite by pyrite and carbonaceous material;(2)alteration of biotite and phlogopite phenocrysts in quartz porphyry and lamprophyre into dolomite/ankerite and sericite.Despite the lamprophyre is volumetrically minor and much less fractured than other host rocks,it contains a large portion of Au reserve,indicating that the chemically active lithology has played a more important role in gold precipitation compared to structure.LA-ICP-MS analysis shows that Au mainly occurs as invisible gold in fine-grained pyrite disseminated in the host rocks,with Au content reaching to 258.95 ppm.The diagenetic core of pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone enriched in Co,Ni,Mo,Ag and Hg is wrapped by hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,As,Sb,Au,Tl,Pb and Bi.Different host rock lithology has much impact on the alteration and mineralization features.Carbonate and sericite in altered lamprophyre show they have higher Mg than those developed in other of host rocks denoting that the carbonate and sericite incorporated Mg from phlogopite phenocrysts in the primary lamprophyre during alteration.The ore fluid activated the diagenetic pyrite in meta-quartz sandstone leading the hydrothermal pyrite enriched in Cu,Mo,Ag,Sb,Te,Hg,Tl,Pb and Bi,but the hydrothermal pyrite in meta-(ultra)mafic rock is enriched in Co and Ni as the meta-(ultra)mafic rock host rock contain high content of Co and Ni.However,Au and As shear similar range in both types of host rocks indicating that these two elements most likely come from the deep source fluid rather than the host rocks.It was shown in the disseminated orogenic gold deposit that similar hydrothermal alteration with mineral assemblage of carbonate(mainly dolomite and ankerite),sericite,pyrite and arsenopyrite develops in all types of host rocks.This is different from the Nevada Carlin type,in which alteration is mainly dissolution and silicification of carbonate host rock.On the other hand,Au mainly occur as invisible gold in both disseminated orogenic and Carlin gold deposits.  相似文献   

蚀变岩帽的特征、成因以及在华南的分布探讨     

陈静  周涛发  张乐骏  孙艺  WHITE Noel C  李旋旋 《岩石学报》2020,36(11):3380-3396

Sillitoe（1995）蚀变岩帽（Lithocap）的定义为大范围富黄铁矿的硅化、高级泥化和泥化蚀变，在地质环境上位于古地表和浅成中-酸性岩浆侵入体之间。蚀变岩帽往往显示为突出的正地形，有助于寻找隐伏的斑岩矿化体。但蚀变岩帽在地表的范围往往多达几十个平方千米，又常常掩盖下覆斑岩矿床的蚀变矿化特征及其地球化学印记，因此大型的蚀变岩帽又给勘探工作带来一定的挑战。蚀变岩帽相关矿床的勘探需以地质填图为基础，结合近红外光谱分析（SWIR）进行蚀变填图，以及全岩地球化学以及矿物地球化学表现的元素或元素组合异常，来帮助定位热源或深部斑岩体。遥感和地球物理中的激电响应，也可以辅助定位岩体。华南地区的蚀变岩帽主要分布于长江中下游成矿带和东南沿海火山岩带。前人对安徽庐枞盆地中的矾山蚀变岩帽进行了系统研究，确定了矾山蚀变岩帽形成于白垩纪，与围岩砖桥组火山岩年龄一致。同位素和流体包裹体工作证明了形成矾山蚀变岩帽的流体主要为深部岩浆热液中的酸性气体与浅部大气降水的混合，在浅部高渗透率的火山岩及其岩性界面反应，广泛发育了一套硅化和高级泥化蚀变，指示与矾山相关可能存在斑岩和高硫型浅成低温热液铜金矿床。福建紫金山地区有中国最大的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床，主要赋存于紫金山蚀变岩帽中。紫金山蚀变岩帽的地质特征和蚀变分带已经研究的较为详细，但目前深部的侵入体还没有发现。浙江的蚀变岩帽是中国非金属矿产的重要来源，包括明矾石矿、地开石矿和红柱石矿等，这些蚀变岩帽与金属矿化的关系尚未有相关研究。根据目前的资料总结，有较多的蚀变岩帽分布在中国华南，这些蚀变岩帽特征典型，但目前的研究程度尚浅。现有的研究结果表明，华南的蚀变岩帽的成矿潜力巨大，可能存在一条巨型的斑岩-浅成低温矿床成矿带，具有广阔的找矿勘查前景，建议加强蚀变岩帽及相关矿床的找矿与研究工作。  相似文献   

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术研究牦牛坪矿床霓长岩化蚀变矿物微量元素特征     

郭东旭  刘琰  李自静  孙东询  王浩 《岩矿测试》2020,39(6):896-907

近年来全岩电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和原位激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）微量元素地球化学测试在地球科学领域的应用越来越广泛。霓长岩化是碳酸岩型稀土矿常见的蚀变类型，但其中的蚀变矿物微量元素特征与稀土矿化关系并不清楚。本文对川西牦牛坪矿床两期霓长岩化脉（无矿脉和含矿脉）中的霓辉石、钠铁闪石同时开展ICP-MS和LA-ICP-MS微量元素测试。结果表明：同期次的霓长岩化脉中，霓辉石、钠铁闪石全岩ΣREE含量远高于单矿物原位ΣREE含量，背散射图像显示霓辉石、钠铁闪石矿物中叠加了一些氟碳铈矿、重晶石微矿物。不同期次霓长岩化脉中霓辉石原位微量对比，含矿脉中的霓辉石具有更高的La/Nd值（0.19~0.23）、LREE/HREE值（6.58~7.79）、Ce/Nd值（0.95~1.11）、La_N/Yb_N值（2.07~2.33）。对比全岩微量组成，含矿脉中高含量的La、Ce、LREE、ΣREE，强烈的轻重稀土分异，可能代表了高稀土通量的霓长岩化流体。霓长岩化脉的出现以及脉体中霓辉石、钠铁闪石这些全岩微量、原位微量地球化学指标，可为碳酸岩型稀土矿床找矿勘查提供参考。  相似文献   

辽宁岫岩中沟地区不整合关联型铀矿地质特征及成因探讨     

李宏宇  李研 《地质与资源》2019,28(1):25-29

辽宁岫岩中沟地区位于华北克拉通北缘东段，辽吉古元古代裂谷带的南段，处于营口－凤城－长甸铀矿构造成矿亚带内.中沟地区古生界挫草沟组与古元古界里尔峪组间古风化壳发育，铀矿化分布于古生界与古元古界不整合接触面附近，与切割不整合面的断裂构造关系密切.矿化与黏土化、硅化等低温热液蚀变关系密切.古风化壳及其附近岩石含U较高，特征元素组合相关性较好，发现有高品位的铀及多金属矿体存在.其主要成矿期有：不整合面发育期、主要造陆期及断块运动期.在初步总结分析中沟地区铀矿地质特征的基础上，认为中沟地区具有形成不整合关联型铀及多金属矿良好的成矿条件和找矿前景.  相似文献   

钾稳定同位素研究综述     

王昆  李伟强  李石磊 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):104-122

钾稳定同位素是重要的非传统稳定同位素体系,也是近年来迅速发展的热门研究课题。对钾同位素研究历史和现状进行综述,具体包括以下内容:(1)总结了钾元素的地球化学和宇宙化学性质,包括钾在主要地质储库(地幔、地壳、海洋)中的丰度及其分配,钾在岩浆演化中的不相容大离子亲石性,常见含钾火成岩/沉积岩矿物以及钾在表生过程中的循环,也包括主要行星物质(球粒陨石、非球粒陨石、火星和灶神星陨石以及月球样品)中钾的含量、赋存状态、主要矿物,钾在太阳星云冷凝、行星积聚以及岩浆海过程中的中等挥发性质;(2)介绍了钾同位素的研究历史,从1922年Dempster利用最早的质谱仪测量钾同位素在自然界的丰度,到Taylor和Urey在1938发表的经典的钾同位素分馏实验,再到Humayun和Clayton在1995年发表的钾同位素领域的经典研究,最后到近几年的进展;(3)介绍了对钾的前处理(离子交换柱法)以及钾同位素的主要测量方法,包括早期热电离质谱仪法(TIMS),二次离子质谱仪法(SIMS)和近十几年以来高速发展的多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法(MC-ICP-MS)及其不同的技术路线;(4)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在低温地球化学和生物地球化学中的应用,包括钾同位素在地表的风化过程中、海水洋壳的反向风化作用中的分馏及其在示踪全球钾元素循环和洋壳俯冲等过程中的应用;(5)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在高温地球化学中的应用,包括钾同位素在岩浆分异和矿物结晶过程中的分馏;(6)介绍了高精度钾同位素比值在宇宙化学中的应用,包括在太阳星云冷凝、行星凝聚、月球形成大碰撞、岩浆海、火山喷发去气过程中的分馏作用。  相似文献   

Bound and mobile soil water isotope ratios are affected by soil texture and mineralogy,whereas extraction method influences their measurement     

Rachel E. Adams  Ayumi Hyodo  Toby SantaMaria  Cynthia L. Wright  Thomas W. Boutton  Jason B. West 《水文研究》2020,34(4):991-1003

Questions persist about interpreting isotope ratios of bound and mobile soil water pools, particularly relative to clay content and extraction conditions. Interactions between pools and resulting extracted water isotope composition are presumably related to soil texture, yet few studies have manipulated the bound pool to understand its influence on soil water processes. Using a series of drying and spiking experiments, we effectively labelled bound and mobile water pools in soils with varying clay content. Soils were first vacuum dried to remove residual water, which was then replaced with heavy isotope-enriched water prior to oven drying and spiking with heavy isotope-depleted water. Water was extracted via centrifugation or cryogenic vacuum distillation (at four temperatures) and analysed for oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios via isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Water from centrifuged samples fell along a mixing line between the two added waters but was more enriched in heavy isotopes than the depleted label, demonstrating that despite oven drying, a residual pool remains and mixes with the mobile water. Soils with higher clay + silt content appeared to have a larger bound pool. Water from vacuum distillation samples have a significant temperature effect, with high temperature extractions yielding progressively more heavy isotope-enriched values, suggesting that Rayleigh fractionation occurred at low temperatures in the vacuum line. By distinctly labelling bound and mobile soil water pools, we detected interactions between the two that were dependent on soil texture. Although neither extraction method appeared to completely extract the combined bound and mobile (total water) pool, centrifugation and high temperature cryogenic vacuum distillations were comparable for both δ²H and δ¹⁸O of soil water isotope ratios.  相似文献   

The Yamato-type (CY) carbonaceous chondrite group: Analogues for the surface of asteroid Ryugu?     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2019,79(4):125531

We report new mineralogical, petrographic and noble gas analyses of the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites Y-82162 (C1/2_ung), Y-980115 (CI1), Y-86029 (CI1), Y-86720 (C2_ung), Y-86789 (C2_ung), and B-7904 (C2_ung). Combining our results with literature data we show that these meteorites experienced varying degrees of aqueous alteration followed by short-lived thermal metamorphism at temperatures of >500 °C. These meteorites have similar mineralogy, textures and chemical characteristics suggesting that they are genetically related, and we strongly support the conclusion of Ikeda (1992) that they form a distinct group, the CYs (“Yamato-type”). The CY chondrites have the heaviest oxygen isotopic compositions (δ¹⁷O ˜12‰, δ¹⁸O ˜22‰) of any meteorite group, high abundances of Fe-sulphides (˜10 ‒ 30 vol%) and phosphates, and contain large grains of periclase and unusual objects of secondary minerals not reported in other carbonaceous chondrites. These features cannot be attributed to parent body processes alone, and indicate that the CYs had a different starting mineralogy and/or alteration history to other chondrite groups, perhaps because they formed in a different region of the protoplanetary disk. The short cosmic-ray exposure ages (≤1.3 Ma) of the CY chondrites suggest that they are derived from a near-Earth source, with recent observations by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft highlighting a possible link to the rubble-pile asteroid Ryugu.  相似文献   

超慢速扩张环境下超镁铁质岩系统的热液硫化物成矿机理以及启示     

曹红  孙治雷  刘昌岭  姜学钧  何拥军  黄威  尚鲁宁  王利波  张喜林  耿威  施美娟  李东义 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):61-75

西南印度洋63.5°E热液区是在超慢速扩张洋脊发现的首个超镁铁质岩热液系统。对取自该区的热液硫化物样品进行了系统的矿物学和地球化学分析，矿物学分析结果表明:该热液区硫化物为富Fe型高温硫化物，且经历了较深程度的氧化蚀变，大量中间态的Fe氧化物充填在硫化物矿物间的孔隙及内部解理中；这些硫化物相以白铁矿为主，其次是等轴古巴矿和少量铜蓝，缺乏黄铁矿、闪锌矿。据推断，该区的热液成矿作用分为4个阶段:低温白铁矿阶段→高温等轴古巴矿阶段→自形白铁矿阶段→后期海底风化阶段（少量铜蓝以及大量的Fe的羟氧化物）。与之相对应，地球化学分析结果表明这些硫化物的Fe含量较高（31.57%~44.59%），Cu含量次之（0.16%~7.24%），而Zn含量普遍较低（0.01%~0.11%）；微量元素较为富集Co（328×10-6~2 400×10-6）和Mn（48.5×10-6~1 730×10-6）。该区硫化物中较高含量的Fe、Co与超镁铁质岩热液系统相似，明显高于镁铁质岩热液系统。独特的热液硫化物矿物学特征和元素组成可能与该区普遍出露的地幔岩、橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用以及拆离断层的广泛发育的环境有关。  相似文献   

甘肃省席芨水地区遥感蚀变信息提取及找矿远景分析          下载免费PDF全文

周永刚 《山东国土资源》2018,34(8)

在地质工作程度较低、基岩出露较好的地区,充分重视遥感数据的使用,可有效地缩小工作靶区,提高找矿效率。该文以甘肃省席芨水地区为研究区,基于ETM+遥感数据,利用多元数据分析、准归一化、掩膜分析、主成分分析、密度分割等方法,从Landsat7ETM+数据中提取金矿化蚀变信息。在遥感地质解译的基础上,充分分析提取的羟基异常和铁染异常,结合区域地质特征、区域成控矿条件及区域物化探异常特征等,尽可能去掉假、弱异常。结果表明:该方法能有效消除植被、水系、阴影等干扰信息的影响,从遥感数据载体中提取微弱的金矿化蚀变信息。提取的矿化蚀变信息与断裂构造具有较好的相关性,主要分布于断裂构造交会处、断裂与岩体交会处等成矿优势部位,对今后的找矿工作具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Riparian responses to reduced flood flows: comparing and contrasting narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwoods     

Thomas K. Wilding  David M. Merritt  Stewart B. Rood  N. LeRoy Poff 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(3-4):605-617

Abstract

To enable assessment of risks of water management to riparian ecosystems at a regional scale, we developed a quantile-regression model of abundance of broadleaf cottonwoods (Populus deltoides and P. fremontii) as a function of flood flow attenuation. To test whether this model was transferrable to narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), we measured narrowleaf abundance along 39 river reaches in northwestern Colorado, USA. The model performed well for narrowleaf in all 32 reaches where reservoir storage was <75% of mean annual flow. Field data did not fit the model at four of seven reaches where reservoir storage was >90% of mean annual flow. In these four reaches, narrowleaf was abundant despite peak flow attenuation of 45–61%. Poor model performance in these four reaches may be explained in part by a pulse of narrowleaf cottonwood expansion as a response to channel narrowing and in part by differences between narrowleaf and broadleaf cottonwood response to floods and drought.