东昆仑夏日哈木地区二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

郭峰  王盘喜  卞孝东  冯乃琦 《中国地质调查》2020,7(6):51-60

东昆仑夏日哈木地区首次发现了早泥盆世二长花岗岩,对其开展年代学和地球化学特征研究,进一步探讨其岩石成因和构造地质背景。二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(412.1±5.7) Ma(MSWD=0.95),形成于早泥盆世早期; 岩石为过弱铝质亚碱性花岗岩,富SiO₂(含量为71.41%~72.46%)、K₂O(含量为5.27%~6.16%),贫Fe₂O₃(含量为1.86%~2.05%)、P₂O₅(含量为0.08%~0.12%),富集轻稀土元素,具明显的负Eu异常; 在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上可以看出,岩石明显富集Rb、Th、Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Ba。夏日哈木地区二长花岗岩属于I型花岗岩,其源岩可能由幔源岩浆底侵加热下地壳岩石致其部分熔融而形成,处于由同碰撞向后碰撞转换的构造环境,说明东昆仑夏日哈木地区在早泥盆世早期已进入伸展阶段。  相似文献   

Genesis of S-type Granites in the Pengshan Sn-polymetallic Ore Field, Northern Jiangxi Province and its Implications     

YIN Qingqing  XIANG Xinkui  YU Zhendong  YANG Xiufeng  WANG Tianchen  ZHONG Bo  TAN Rong  LIAO Jianhai  ZHU Yuansong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1860-1873

The Pengshan Sn-polymetallic ore field is located in the southeastern part of the Yangtze block, spanning the southeast edge of the MLYDZ and the northern edge of the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift, and on one side of the MLYDZ. The studies of LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry for Early Cretaceous acid granites from the Pengshan ore field were carried out in this paper. We report zircon U–Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry for acid granites in the Pengshan ore field. The zircon U–Pb ages of the muscovite-granite, biotite adamellite and granite-porphyry are 127.6 ± 1.7 Ma, 126.9 ± 1.6 Ma and 126.6 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively. The granites in Pengshan are characterized by a high silicon content and are rich in alkali. They belong to high-potassium, calc-alkaline, peraluminous granite. The rocks have a relatively high Rb/Ba ratio, and the data points for muscovite-granite and biotite adamellite all fall within the clay-rich sources region, near the pelite-derived end-member, showing that the Pengshan muscovite-granite and biotite adamellite mainly originated from the partial melting of metapelites with high maturity. The transformation of the compressional and extensional tectonics in this region approximately 128 Ma obviously lags behind that in the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift (135 Ma), but occurred earlier than the MLYDZ (126 Ma). The Pengshan ore field extends from the mid-segment of the Jiangnan Uplift to the MLYDZ. Although the tectonic stress field is constrained by the combination of the two secondary tectonic units, the time of tectonic system transformation is closer to the MLYDZ because the spatial orientation of the area is enclosed in the MLYDZ. Relevant geophysical and drilling data confirm the rationality of Pengshan–Ao’xia as a multi-center vertical zoning ore field, and show the scientificity of the prospecting idea of abutting joint between the north-west of Pengshan area and the south-east of Ao’xia area.  相似文献   

天然裂缝影响下的花岗岩水力裂缝扩展数值模拟     

王璜  王贵玲  岳高凡  甘浩男 《地质学报》2020,94(7):2124-2130

水力压裂技术是成功实现干热岩资源开发利用的重要手段之一，数值模拟技术能够精准预测水力裂缝扩展。针对典型花岗岩，借助黏性单元法，分别模拟了致密花岗岩和天然裂缝存在情况下的水力裂缝扩展特征，得出以下结论：致密花岗岩的水力裂缝形态单一，天然裂缝的存在增加了压裂后裂缝的复杂性；致密花岗岩水力裂缝拓展主要分为憋压和拓展两个交替往复的阶段，当存在天然裂隙时，水力压裂过程会变得复杂；天然裂缝存在时，水力裂缝的缝长和缝宽分别为致密花岗岩的5. 7倍和1. 7倍；缝网的形成需要借助复杂的压裂工艺实现。研究结果可以为增强型地热系统(EGS)储层水力刺激工作提供理论支持。  相似文献   

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因     

贺根文  路思明  彭琳琳  于长琦  李伟  刘翠辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1491-1504

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床，伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素，成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期，为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系，本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征，属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩；轻重稀土元素分馏明显，均为右倾型，弱Eu负异常，以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb，亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征，属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类；锆石具较好晶形，具典型岩浆锆石特征，利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年，获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8），加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4），谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致，表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世；综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征，认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩；对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量，茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量，可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。  相似文献   

Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys in Central Iran:Evidence from petrology and age of the Nain-Ashin ophiolitic basalts     

Tahmineh Pirnia  Emilio Saccani  Ghodrat Torabi  Marco Chiari  Spela Gorican  Edoardo Barbero 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):57-81

The Nain and Ashin ophiolites consist of Mesozoic melange units that were emplaced in the Late Cretaceous onto the continental basement of the Central-East Iran microcontinent(CEIM).They largely consist of serpentinized peridotites slices;nonetheless,minor tectonic slices of sheeted dykes and pillow lavas-locally stratigraphically associated with radiolarian cherts-can be found in these ophiolitic melanges.Based on their whole rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry,these rocks can be divided into two geochemical groups.The sheeted dykes and most of the pillow lavas show island arc tholeiitic(IAT)affinity,whereas a few pillow lavas from the Nain ophiolites show calc-alkaline(CA)affinity.Petrogenetic modeling based on trace elements composition indicates that both IAT and CA rocks derived from partial melting of depleted mantle sources that underwent enrichment in subduction-derived components prior to melting.Petrogenetic modeling shows that these components were represented by pure aqueous fluids,or sediment melts,or a combination of both,suggesting that the studied rocks were formed in an arc-forearc tectonic setting.Our new biostratigraphic data indicate this arc-forearc setting was active in the Early Cretaceous.Previous tectonic interpretations suggested that the Nain ophiolites formed,in a Late Cretaceous backarc basin located in the south of the CEIM(the so-called Nain-Baft basin).However,recent studies showed that the CEIM underwent a counter-clockwise rotation in the Cenozoic,which displaced the Nain and Ashin ophiolites in their present day position from an original northeastward location.This evidence combined with our new data and a comparison of the chemical features of volcanic rocks from different ophiolites around the CEIM allow us to suggest that the Nain-Ashin volcanic rocks and dykes were formed in a volcanic arc that developed on the northern margin of the CEIM during the Early Cretaceous in association with the subduction,below the CEIM,of a Neo-Tethys oceanic branch that was existing between the CEIM and the southern margin of Eurasia.As a major conclusion of this paper,a new geodynamic model for the Cretaceous evolution of the CEIM and surrounding Neo-Tethyan oceanic basins is proposed.  相似文献   

硼的地球化学性质及其在俯冲带的循环与成矿初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

林秋婷  陈晨  刘海洋 《岩石学报》2020,36(1):5-12

硼是广泛应用于化工、农业、材料科学及核工业领域的重要元素。硼与氢的核聚变反应是未来具备运用潜力的清洁能源。硼作为典型的亲石元素,是高度不相容元素。硼元素容易富集于蚀变洋壳及蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩中。而在板块俯冲过程中,由于硼具有强的流体活动性,会优先赋存于流体中。因此,当蛇纹石化的大洋岩石圈及覆于其上的沉积物在俯冲过程中发生脱水,这使得弧前地幔楔发生大规模的蛇纹石化。此时大量硼元素很可能随俯冲流体释放并封存于弧前地幔楔中。目前已发现的超大型硼矿床主要位于聚合型板块边缘,尤其土耳其拥有世界上最大的硼酸盐储量。我们推测这些矿床的形成基础条件之一可能与弧前高度蛇纹石化的地幔楔有关。尤其是在洋 陆俯冲环境,弧前蛇纹岩或蛇绿混杂岩首先通过俯冲侵蚀再循环到火山弧岩浆中,使得岩浆更富集硼。随后弧火山喷发大量富硼的火山岩、岩浆热液及水气。在岩浆冷却过程中,硼元素析出、沉淀于火山表面,并伴随风化、侵蚀过程汇聚至碰撞造山带的封闭湖盆之中。此外,干冷的气候条件下也进一步促进了硼的成矿。我国具有形成大型、超大型硼矿的地质条件,应加大研究及探勘力度,并适当购买硼作为战略储备。  相似文献   

花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的SHPB试验研究     

刘新宇  张先伟  岳好真  孔令伟  徐超 《岩土力学》2020,41(6):2001-2008

为研究花岗岩残积土的动态冲击性能，开展了高速冲击下的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验，与常规应变率下的试验结果比较，分析了高应变率对花岗岩残积土的应力?应变特性和强度的影响。结果表明：低、高应变率下的花岗岩残积土的?-?a（轴向应力?轴向应变）曲线均呈现出软化型。随着应变率 增加，?-?a曲线向?a增大的方向移动，破坏应变?af增加。但高应变率下?af增加的程度更加明显。花岗岩残积土的峰值强度普遍具有应变率依赖性，二者可用直线关系拟合，但低、高应变率下的拟合关系并不一致。提出了率敏性因子m定量评价依赖性强弱。研究发现，随着应变率的提高，强度的应变率依赖性减弱，低应变率下的m为26.694，而高应变率下仅为0.013。相关试验结果指出，高速冲击荷载对土体总体有害。工程中应该采取合理措施控制冲击荷载的危害。该研究有助于深化花岗岩残积土动态冲击性能的理解，为相关工程的施工与设计提供技术参考。  相似文献   

内蒙古狼山地区早二叠世花岗闪长岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其构造背景     

田健  滕学建  刘洋  滕飞  郭硕  何鹏  王文龙 《中国地质》2020,47(3):767-781

内蒙古狼山山脉西侧分布有大面积的晚古生代岩浆岩,其时代集中在早石炭世—晚二叠世,不同时代岩浆岩岩石组合对于认识狼山地区晚古生代构造背景具有重要的意义。文章通过岩石学、岩相学、地球化学及Hf同位素等方法,对狼山地区查干乃呼都格一带花岗闪长岩体进行了研究。该岩体岩性为花岗闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄显示,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(299±1)～(293±2) Ma。岩石暗色矿物为角闪石及黑云母,富含闪长质包体,P_2O_5含量与SiO_2含量之间显示良好的负相关性,富钠(Na_2O含量为3.45%～4.96%),高钠钾比值(Na_2O/K_2O比值为1.33～2.52),岩石地球化学特征显示花岗岩成因类型为Ⅰ型花岗岩。岩石具有负的ε_(Hf)(t)值(-6.3～-2.0)及T_(DM2)为1437～1704 Ma(平均值为1606 Ma),显示了古—中元古代古老地壳熔融的特点,ε_(Hf)(t)-t及角闪石成因图解显示源区有幔源岩浆参与。花岗岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、Pb,不同程度的亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,弱的负Eu异常,显示了岩浆弧的地球化学特征。结合晚石炭世—早二叠世狼山地区侵入岩岩石组合为闪长岩+石英闪长岩+花岗闪长岩(英云闪长岩),早—中二叠世大石寨组火山岩岩石组合为玄武岩+玄武安山岩+安山岩+英安岩,总体反映了陆缘弧的岩石组合;狼山地区早二叠世处于大陆边缘弧的构造背景,与华北地块北缘中东部可以对比。  相似文献   

冻融循环下花岗岩剪切蠕变试验与模型研究     

张峰瑞  姜谙男  杨秀荣  申发义 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):509-519

为探讨冻融对寒区工程岩石剪切蠕变特性的影响，以吉林省辉白隧道花岗岩为研究对象，对经历不同冻融循环次数的试样开展细观特征分析和剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：（1）随着冻融次数的增加，试样裂隙、孔隙不断扩展，岩石表面损伤现象愈发明显；（2）试样主要以中小孔隙为主，孔隙度随着冻融次数的增加呈非线性增长趋势；（3）随着冻融循环次数增加，蠕变变形量和蠕变速率逐渐增大，而蠕变时长、破坏应力和长期强度均呈现明显降低趋势。根据试验结果，进行冻融岩石非定常蠕变参数的表达，提出了冻融岩石损伤黏性元件，构建了花岗岩冻融剪切蠕变本构模型。将蠕变试验曲线和理论模型拟合曲线进行对比，验证了模型的正确性和适用性。通过对蠕变参数进行敏感性分析，研究了其对花岗岩蠕变变形的影响，并给出了蠕变参数随冻融循环次数的变化规律。该研究结果对于寒区岩体工程长期稳定性评价具有指导意义。  相似文献   

Granite is an Effective Helium Source Rock: Insights from the Helium Generation and Release Characteristics in Granites from the North Qinling Orogen, China     

ZHANG Wen  LI Yuhong  ZHAO Fenghu  ZHOU Zheng  HAN Wei  ZHOU Junlin  ZHANG Qiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(1):114-125

Global helium(He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium-rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3 He/4 He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3 He/4 He of 1.4×10-6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix-sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U-and Th-rich minerals(27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths 400 m and totally released at the depths 7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement(or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures.  相似文献