准噶尔盆地乌夏前陆冲断带沉降史与沉积响应研究     

冯建伟  戴俊生  秦峰  宋永 《地质学报》2019,93(11):2729-2741

针对前陆冲断带的特殊构造位置及沉积特征的复杂性,本文在地层剥蚀厚度恢复和层序划分的基础上,通过对准噶尔盆地西缘乌夏前陆冲断带沉降史分析,在海西运动晚期准噶尔地块与西伯利亚板块发生碰撞挤压,形成一系列冲断推覆构造,前缘岩石圈挠曲下陷发育周缘前陆盆地,并夹杂大规模的短暂伸展火山喷发活动,接受了巨厚的二叠系沉积层序;随着板块俯冲在二叠纪末的逐渐消亡,三叠纪进入印支期陆内坳陷继承性挤压活动阶段,周边受南北向挤压和左旋构造应力场影响,前陆冲断带古断裂再次逆冲,哈拉阿拉特山急剧抬升,后缘和什托洛盖盆地形成;进入侏罗纪—白垩纪(燕山运动早中期),为陆内坳陷的填充消亡阶段,但有继承性活动,构造活动强度较二叠纪大为减弱,在燕山运动Ⅲ幕晚期最终被覆盖定型。整个过程受地体碰撞和板内挤压影响,冲断带发生幕式构造活动,从而导致盆地沉降也发生幕式变化,而且冲断带每次挤压逆冲均导致相应的沉降和沉积物充填,并直接控制前陆盆地和陆内坳陷的沉积充填特征。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘东段构造解析和构造解释模型建立          下载免费PDF全文

梁舒艺  吴孔友  裴仰文  张健  李天然 《古地理学报》2019,21(5):817-824

准噶尔盆地南缘山前带油气地质条件良好,但构造变形强烈、地震资料品质差且构造解释多解性强。通过南缘东段野外露头典型构造解析、“地质戴帽”、室内构造物理模拟实验、电法勘探中建场测深线的深度—电阻率反演剖面和地震资料解释,结合钻探结果,构建了南缘东段山前复杂带的构造—地层格架和叠瓦状冲断、多层次逆冲推覆的构造模型,探讨了山前复杂构造区低成像品质地震资料的构造解释模型建立的方法;明确逆冲断裂下盘的掩伏构造是下步勘探首选的目标类型。为南缘山前复杂构造带构造解释提供构造样式和断裂类型的参考,进一步为盆地南缘山前带的油气勘探和井位部署提供依据。该构造模型建立的方法在南缘西段山前复杂构造区的勘探目标评价中取得了良好的应用效果。  相似文献   

村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的参数敏感性分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙敏  王锦燕  孙光林 《世界地震工程》2020,(3):100-108

给出了村镇滑移隔震建筑瞬时摩擦耗能的概念，并以此概念为响应指标。通过极差大小的对比，分析了该响应指标对刚度比、第二阶段刚度系数、隔震层屈服位移、隔震层摩擦系数、系统质量比和上部结构自振周期六个参数变化的敏感程度，阐述了上述系统参数对瞬时摩擦耗能这一响应指标的影响规律。研究表明:场地条件和地震动幅值大小对瞬时摩擦耗能均有显著影响；在所考虑的参数范围内，上部结构自振周期总是对瞬时摩擦耗能有较为显著的影响，摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响跟场地条件有关，Ⅰ类场地条件中摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著，而Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件中，摩擦系数对瞬时摩擦耗能的影响则非常显著；隔震层屈服位移、刚度比和第二阶段刚度系数总得来讲对瞬时摩擦耗能影响不显著，质量比对瞬时摩擦耗能影响居中。  相似文献   

港珠澳大桥沉管隧道基槽异常回淤分析与数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

何杰  辛文杰 《水科学进展》2019,30(6):823-833

港珠澳大桥沉管隧道E15管节基槽发生异常回淤，海底隧道沉管安装被迫中止。为查明E15管节基槽发生异常回淤的原因，先后开展了现场水文泥沙观测、遥感影像资料分析和数值模拟等多种技术手段。采用水沙数学模型反演了内伶仃岛上游采砂活动形成的浑水团在潮流作用下的扩散输移过程，沙源在数学模型中以面源形式模拟。模拟结果表明，采砂活动形成的浑水团在一个大潮期间的落潮过程中可输移扩散至基槽水域，其中E15—E27管节基槽日淤厚在采砂活动影响下将增加43.8%。数值模拟结果为查明E15管节基槽异常回淤的泥沙来源提供了佐证。E15管节以东基槽水域水沙环境复杂，天然淤积已经接近临界回淤允许值，基槽上游水域的采砂活动对沉管基槽回淤将带来不可控因素，采砂活动对周边水域产生的泥沙回淤影响应引起足够重视。  相似文献   

Estuarine biofilm patterns: Modern analogues for Precambrian self-organization     

Roeland C. van de Vijsel  Jim van Belzen  Tjeerd J. Bouma  Daphne van der Wal  Valentina Cusseddu  Sam J. Purkis  Max Rietkerk  Johan van de Koppel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1141-1154

This field and laboratory study examines whether regularly patterned biofilms on present-day intertidal flats are equivalent to microbially induced bedforms found in geological records dating back to the onset of life on Earth. Algal mats of filamentous Vaucheria species, functionally similar to microbial biofilms, cover the topographic highs of regularly spaced ridge–runnel bedforms. As regular patterning is typically associated with self-organization processes, indicators of self-organization are tested and found to support this hypothesis. The measurements suggest that biofilm-induced sediment trapping and biostabilization enhance bedform relief, strength and multi-year persistence. This demonstrates the importance of primitive organisms for sedimentary landscape development. Algal-covered ridges consist of wavy-crinkly laminated sedimentary deposits that resemble the layered structure of fossil stromatolites and microbially induced sedimentary structures. In addition to layering, both the morphological pattern and the suggested formation mechanism of the recent bedforms are strikingly similar to microbialite strata found in rock records from the Precambrian onwards. This implies that self-organization was an important morphological process in times when biofilms were the predominant sessile ecosystem. These findings furthermore emphasize that self-organization dynamics, such as critical transitions invoking ecosystem emergence or collapse, might have been captured in fossil microbialites, influencing their laminae. This notion may be important for paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on such strata. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

招平断裂带中段深部结构构造——来自地震剖面的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

单伟  于学峰  李洪奎  郭宝奎  耿科  李大鹏  禚传源 《山东国土资源》2018,34(5)

玲珑花岗岩岩基东侧的招平断裂带是胶西北矿集区的主要控矿构造之一。布设于招平断裂带中段大尹格庄矿区的地震剖面,揭示了招平断裂带中段深部的结构构造特征,地震剖面显示,玲珑岩基内部有多个类似"拱弧构造"的岩浆侵入形成的弧形界面,由此推测存在2~3期的岩浆活动。剖面显示了3期构造组合样式,第1期为以招平断裂带和宋家河断裂为组合倾向SE的铲式断裂,底部似汇入统一的构造滑脱带;第2期为倾向NW的错断了招平断裂带的反倾伸展断裂;第3期为NE向延伸以花状构造为特征的走滑断裂。前两期反映构造发育处于伸展环境,第3期显示为左行走滑。招平断裂带深部延伸存在分支复合现象,形成由2个主裂面夹持的透镜状岩片。地震反射剖面数据的获得对深刻理解该区域中生代岩浆构造演化过程和深部找矿具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Detection thresholds in structural health monitoring     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

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Development and validation of nonlinear computational models of dispersed structures under strong earthquake excitation          下载免费PDF全文

Armen Derkevorkian  Sami F. Masri  Yozo Fujino  Dionysius M. Siringoringo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(7):1089-1105

Structural health monitoring of large multispan flexible bridges is particularly important because of their important role in civil infrastructure and transportation systems. In this study, the response of the Yokohama Bay Bridge (YBB), a three‐span cable‐stayed bridge, to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake is used to perform multi‐input multi‐output system identification studies. The extensive multicomponent measurements are also used to develop and validate data‐driven nonlinear mathematical models that can predict the response of YBB to various earthquake records and can accurately estimate its damping characteristics when the system is driven into the nonlinear response range. A combination of least‐square (parametric) and neural network (nonparametric) approaches is used to develop the mathematical models, along with time‐marching techniques for dynamic response calculations. It is shown that the nonlinear mathematical models perform better than the equivalent linear models, both for response prediction and damping estimation. The importance of having an accurate approach for quantifying the damping due to the variety of nonlinear features in the YBB response is shown. This study demonstrates the significance of constructing robust mathematical models that can capture the correct physics of the underlying system and that can be used for computational purposes to augment experimental studies. Given the lack of suitable data sets for full‐scale structures under extreme loads, the availability of the long‐duration measurements from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and its many strong aftershocks provides an excellent opportunity to perform the analyses presented in this study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Plio-Quaternary paleostresses in the Atlantic passive margin of the Moroccan Meseta: Influence of the Central Rif escape tectonics related to Eurasian-African plate convergence     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

The Atlantic Moroccan Meseta margin is affected by far field recent tectonic stresses. The basement belongs to the variscan orogen and was deformed by hercynian folding and metamorphism followed by a post-Permian erosional stage, producing the flat paleorelief of the region. Tabular Mesozoic and Mio-Plio-Quaternary deposits locally cover the Meseta, which has undergone recent uplift, while north of Rabat the subsidence continues in the Gharb basin, constituting the foreland basin of the Rif Cordillera.The Plio-Quaternary sedimentary cover of the Moroccan Meseta, mainly formed by aeolian and marine terraces deposits, is affected by brittle deformations (joints and small-scale faults) that evidence that this region – considered up to date as stable – is affected by the far field stresses. Striated faults are recognized in the oldest Plio-Quaternary deposits and show strike-slip and normal kinematics, while joints affect up to the most recent sediments.Paleostress may be sorted into extensional, only affecting Rabat sector, and three main compressive groups deforming whole the region: (1) ENE–WSW to ESE–WNW compression; (2) NNW–SSE to NE–SW compression and (3) NNE–SSW compression. These stresses can be attributed mainly to the NW–SE oriented Eurasian-African plate convergence in the western Mediterranean and the escape toward the SW of the Rif Cordillera. Local paleostress deviations may be related to basement fault reactivation. These new results reveal the tectonic instability during Plio-Quaternary of the Moroccan Meseta margin in contrast to the standard passive margins, generally considered stable.  相似文献   

Analytical solution of seismic response of base-isolated structure with supplemental inerter     

Kun Ye  Shuai Shu  Liang Hu  Hongping Zhu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(9):1083-1090

Closed-form solutions are derived for the modal characteristics and seismic response of a base-isolated structure equipped with additional inerters. By simplifying the structure-isolator-inerter system in terms of the two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model, the modal frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and participation factors of the system are derived. Consequently, analytical seismic response solutions are formulated by the modal superposition method. Utilizing these analytical solutions, an extensive parametric study has been carried out to investigate the effect of supplement inerters on both the modal characteristics and seismic response of the structure-isolator-inerter system. There is a critical inertance leading to the zero second modal participation factor (ie, the disappearance of the second modal response). The associated critical inertance ratio is derived in closed form as well. Moreover, it is observed that the reduction of deformation of isolators by increasing the inertance may be offset by the increase in relative displacements of the superstructure. To circumvent this adverse effect, an optimal range of inertance is identified whereby both the deformation of isolators and the relative displacement of the superstructure are mitigated concurrently.  相似文献