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在中国东部赣东北朱溪矿集区枣林地段发现两条新生代碧玄岩岩脉。地球化学研究表明该碧玄岩具有低SiO2（41.08%~42.94%），高Mg#（0.61~0.65），高TiO2（2.19%~2.43%），高Na2O+K2O（4.95%~6.30%）的特点。∑REE为299.16×10-6~375.00×10-6，LREE/HREE比值为5.45~6.71，表明轻稀土富集，δEu为0.88~0.94，具微弱Eu负异常。微量元素特征表现出较高Ni、Cr、Sc含量，蛛网图显示明显富集Nb、Ta、Th、Zr等元素，亏损Ba、Ti、K、P等。主量元素相关图解和不相容元素比值显示岩石在演化过程中未遭受地壳混染。综合分析岩石微量元素数据及相关图解，文章认为由于太平洋板块俯冲，导致软流圈地幔携带碳酸盐熔体上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用，使得0.2%~0.5%石榴石相二辉橄榄岩与0.5%~1%尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩发生部分熔融，生成碧玄岩原始岩浆。 相似文献
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韭菜地和鸡笼山两地的玄武岩为新生代的火山锥体,主要岩石为碧玄岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩,其中含有较丰富的超镁铁岩包体。玄武质岩石属碱性系列的钾质亚系,SiO_2不饱和,Al_2O_3较低且富含K、Ti和P等不相容元素,具有Al_2O_3/CaO值较高、M值在60—70之间、固结指数近于40、熔融程度低(4％)等特征,表明玄武质岩石是地幔橄榄岩低度熔融的产物。超镁铁岩包体中易熔组分与不饱和型包体组分相近,其矿物化学特征为:橄榄石的Fo值和斜方辉石的En值较低,单斜辉石的Al_2O_3、TiO_2和Na_2O较高,表明包体相对地富集易熔组分,与原始地幔组分相似。估算包体的矿物平衡温度和压力分别为1050℃和21.6×10~3Pa。 相似文献
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Morphology and propagation styles of Miocene submarine basanite lavas at Stanley, northwestern Tasmania, Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Miocene submarine basanite pillows, lava lobes, megapillows and sheet lavas in the Stanley Peninsula, northwestern Tasmania, Australia, are well-preserved in three dimensions. The pillows have ropy wrinkles, transverse wrinkles, symmetrical wrinkles, contraction cracks and three types of spreading cracks on their surfaces, and concentric and radial joints in the interior. The lava lobes have ropy wrinkles and contraction cracks on their surfaces. The megapillows are cylindrical with a smoothly curved upper surface and steep sides, and are characterized by distinct radial columnar joints in the interior. They are connected to pillows that propagate radially from its basal margin. The sheet lavas are tabular and have vertical columnar joints in the interior. The largest sheet lava shows a remarkable gradation from a lower 5-m-thick pillow facies to an upper massive facies. The pillows, lava lobes, megapillows and sheet lavas are inferred to have been emplaced completely below sea level but in a shallow marine environment. Their morphological features suggest that the pillows grew by episodic rupture of a near-solid crust and emergence of hot lava, whereas the lava lobes propagated by continuous stretching of the outer skin at the flow front. The megapillows and sheet lavas were master feeder channels by which molten lava was conveyed to the advancing pillows. The sheet lavas propagated by repeated processes of pillow formation and overriding by an upper massive part. Alternating pillow and massive facies commonly found in ocean-floor drill cores and exposed in cross-section in many subaqueous volcanic successions may have formed by propagation of pillows from the basal margins of advancing sheet lavas. 相似文献
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云南马关地区碧玄岩中单辉橄榄岩包体的成因 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
云南马关地区分布有许多碧玄岩岩管，其中有些岩管含有地幔橄榄岩包体、笔者在该区工作时着重对含角闪石单辉橄榄岩包体进行了研究，并从地球化学和热力学角度探讨了此类包体的成因机制。 相似文献
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Experimental melting studies were conducted on a nepheline mugearitecomposition to pressures of 31 kbar in the presence of 0–30%added water. A temperature maximum in the near-liquidus stabilityof amphibole (with olivine) was found for a water content of3·5 wt % at a pressure of 14 kbar. This is interpretedto have petrogenetic significance for the derivation of nephelinemugearite magmas from nepheline hawaiite by amphibole-dominatedfractional crystallization at depth within the lithosphericmantle. Synthetic liquids at progressively lower temperaturesrange to nepheline benmoreite compositions very similar to thoseof natural xenolith-bearing high-pressure lavas elsewhere, andsupport the hypothesis that continued fractional crystallizationcould lead to high-pressure phonolite liquids. Independent experimentaldata for a basanite composition modeled on a lava from the sameigneous province (the Newer Basalts of Victoria) permit theinference that primary asthenospheric basanite magmas undergopolybaric fractional crystallization during ascent, and mayevolve to liquids ranging from nepheline hawaiite to phonoliteupon encountering cooler lithospheric mantle at depths of 42–50km. Such a model is consistent with the presence in some evolvedalkalic lavas of both lithospheric peridotite xenoliths indicativeof similar depths and of megacryst suites that probably representdisrupted pegmatitic segregations precipitated from precursoralkalic magmas in conduit systems within lithospheric mantle. KEY WORDS: experiment; high pressure; alkalic magmas; amphibole; nepheline mugearite; basanite; lithosphere 相似文献
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Jan Wijbrans Károly Németh Ulrike Martin Kadosa Balogh 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007
Neogene alkaline basaltic volcanic fields in the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary, including the Bakony–Balaton Highland and the Little Hungarian Plain volcanic fields are the erosional remnants of clusters of small-volume, possibly monogenetic volcanoes. Moderately to strongly eroded maars, tuff rings, scoria cones, and associated lava flows span an age range of ca. 6 Myr as previously determined by the K/Ar method. High resolution 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages on 18 samples have been obtained to determine the age range for the western Pannonian Basin Neogene intracontinental volcanic province. The new 40Ar/39Ar age determinations confirm the previously obtained K/Ar ages in the sense that no systematic biases were found between the two data sets. However, our study also serves to illustrate the inherent advantages of the 40Ar/39Ar technique: greater analytical precision, and internal tests for reliability of the obtained results provide more stringent constraints on reconstructions of the magmatic evolution of the volcanic field. Periods of increased activity with multiple eruptions occurred at ca. 7.95 Ma, 4.10 Ma, 3.80 Ma and 3.00 Ma. 相似文献
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青藏高原北部白榴碧玄岩年代学及地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在可可西里北部边缘银顶山地区首次发现含橄榄石的高镁高钾质超基性火山岩。火山岩在阿尼玛卿-昆仑-木孜塔格缝合带南侧呈熔岩残丘形式产出,分布面积约为0.2 km2,其形成时代为上新世(5～4 Ma),是岩浆的快速侵位-喷溢的结果。斑晶主要为橄榄石(10%～12%)+白榴石(21%～27%)+霞石(13%～16%)±透辉石(29%～31%),基质主要为透辉石+云母+Fe-Ti氧化物+玻璃,定名为白榴碧玄岩。对3个样品51个点的橄榄石电子探针数据计算显示,橄榄石牌号为Fo74-87Fa13-26,属贵橄榄石,岩石中的橄榄石均不存在扭折带,表明这些橄榄石很可能是岩浆结晶的产物,而非岩浆捕获体。通过计算,银顶山地区橄榄石的结晶温度大约在1 226 ℃～1 234 ℃左右。白榴碧玄岩的化学组分:SiO2<45%,MgO>10%, Na2O+K2O>8%,Mg#(68.84～70.80),而Cr(149×10-6～156×10-6)和Ni(138×10-6～151×10-6),87Sr/86Sr(约0.708 6)和143Nd/144 Nd(约0.512 4),处于EMII源区范围内。初步认为藏北地区上新世超基性火山岩来自于较深的源区,最有可能是软流圈顶部地幔的局部熔融,并受到俯冲地壳物质的交代。 相似文献
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《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):165-187
Xenoliths found in basaltic lavas provide useful information about the materials of the Earth crust and mantle sampled by the lava on its way to the surface, and they help to extend our interpretations based on geophysical data. A garnet-biotite-hornblende-gneiss xenolith (min. ca. 40 cm across) was drilled at a depth of ca. 18 m in a Tertiary basanite flow at Paszowice village near Jawor, in the easternmost part of the Kaczawa Mountains, central Sudetes (SW Poland). Based on petrography, geochemistry and thermobarometry, the xenolith is interpreted to have been formed at deep crustal levels from a metasedimentary rock. The maximum PT conditions recorded in the gneiss (T 700–740oC, P ca. 10 kbar) indicate that the main metamorphic event took place at a depth of 25–30 km, thus corresponding to the present-day lower crustal level defined on geophysical constraints. The gneiss xenolith contains four zircon populations, as revealed by U-Pb SHRIMP analyses: (1) 1.7 – 2.1 Ga, (2) 547 – 623 Ma, (3) 473 – 494 Ma, and (4) 354 – 437 Ma. The zircons of the youngest group (4) are interpreted to have originated during a metamorphic episode, at ca. 374±3 Ma, corresponding well with the HT-MP major metamorphic event in the neighboring Góry Sowie gneisses and migmatites. A range of features (e.g. the good preservation of the xenolith, lack of significant chemical and thermal interaction with the lava) suggest that the gneiss was sampled by the rising lava on the final path of the magma to the surface, probably from a depth of less than ca. 10 km. That means that the upper crust below this region (underlying the low-grade metamorphic Kaczawa Complex) contains gneisses originally derived from deep-crustal levels, and similar to those locally exposed in the neighborhood (e.g. in the Góry Sowie Massif to the south-east). This interpretation extends our knowledge about the structure and composition of the crust in the eastern part of the European Variscides, which otherwise is inferred only from geophysical data. 相似文献
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东海县境内仅有两个碱性玄武岩火山口(平明山和安峰山)形成于晚新生代，K-Ar同位素年龄测定，平明山为4．02～6．38Ma，安峰山为7．3～12．3Ma。岩石学和地球化学特征揭示包体寄主岩为碧玄岩，岩浆没有经历明显分异和同化混杂作用。平明山碧玄岩含有丰富幔源包体，包括尖晶石二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩和二辉岩。采用：Bertrand等(1985)和Kohler等(1990)的温度-压力计估算了包体平衡温度和压力分别为830～900℃和1．5～1．7GPa。根据温压资料构建的古地温曲线，对应于大陆热流值75mW／m^2和岩石圈厚度55km。氧化缀饰法揭示本区橄榄岩包体经历了高温低应变速率塑性流动变形，形成各种类型的位错构造。高温高压实验测定，二辉橄榄岩Vp速度为8．0～8．2km／s，Vs速度为4．50～4．77km／s。中国大陆科学钻(CCSD)附近幔源橄榄岩包体的发现对东海地区岩石圈厚度、物质组成、热结构和底侵作用动力过程提供了重要约束。 相似文献
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