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二氧化碳洗井方法具有设备简单、用时少,效果好的特点,但随着钻孔深度和孔径加大,井管材料的更新换代,有时也会难以出现壮观的井喷场面,达不到理想的洗井效果,使用范围受到限制的问题。总结多年的洗井经验,依据二氧化碳洗井原理,运用洗井过程中起动压力和用气量的计算公式,进而对洗井深度和影响用气量的因素进行了分析,结果表明:1该方法比较适用于井深300m左右、孔径Φ325mm以内、泥浆相对密度小于1.1g/cm3的新打水井,对大于300m的深井,可采用分层洗井法或压风机引喷法进行洗井。2井喷形成时的二氧化碳气体用量,与瓶内气体的压力、钻杆的下入深度、环空体积、地面管路的长度与直径、钻杆内径、钻井液的密度等成正比,而与水温、气温等成反比;当井的含水层的水柱高度低于70m时,一般不易形成井喷。3二氧化碳洗井适用于井内下入钢管、铸铁管等抗压强度较高的井。对水泥管、塑料管等强度较低的井管则要视情况具体分析。 相似文献
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油气井发生溢流或井喷后，立即关闭防喷器，关井期间防喷器需经受关井产生的水击压力作用。本文在对井喷关井水击的传播物理特征分析的基础上，推导直接关井水击压力计算公式，综合考虑井筒流体含气率、气液两相流型、固相类型等对水击波速的影响，推导水击波在气、液、固三相混合流体中传播速度计算公式，并通过算例对水击波速影响因素进行分析。计算表明水击波速对含气率变化非常敏感，钻井液含气率在0～0.001的时候，水击波速几乎是发生了突变，水击波速在含气率为0.001时仅为385 m/s，相比纯钻井液情况下降了67%，而钻井液固相含量、套管的内径和壁厚对水击波传播速度影响较小。 相似文献
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The influence of topography and approach angles on local deflections of airflow within a coastal blowout 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The spatial variability of air flow through complex topography is an important, but not fully understood, component of dune development and dynamics. This study examines the spatial variability of the wind field in a linear blowout in coastal dunes at Jockey's Ridge State Park, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. A spatial array of single‐height anemometers and wind vanes were placed within the blowout. Topography exerted a significant steering effect when onshore winds approached from directions within 50° of the blowout axis. Under those conditions wind flow in the blowout aligned to the axis regardless of approach angle, maximizing the potential for erosion and transport in the trough. In other locations aspect variations caused deflection both proportional and disproportional to changes in the approaching wind. When prevailing winds approached from directions more oblique than 50° to the blowout axis, topographic steering through the blowout trough was reduced and secondary flow generated by flow separation over the trough became more prominent. During those approach angles, wind directions and speeds within the upper blowout trough became erratic as vortices and turbulence dominated the flow, minimizing transport potential. The changing characteristics of airflow in the blowout relative to differing approach angles has implications on dune development and variations in transport potential under changing conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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沙质草地碟形风蚀坑形态气流相互作用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
呼伦贝尔沙质草地碟形风蚀坑长轴走向呈WNW-ESE。野外观测结果表明,风向与碟形风蚀坑长轴走向关系决定了风蚀坑内部的气流模式,右斜交与垂直气流促使风蚀坑横向扩展与深挖,平行与左斜交气流有利于侵蚀区内部沙物质的向外输送并导致风蚀坑沿长轴向延伸。右斜交及垂向气流在碟形坑南缘产生顺时针向的垂直轴涡流,而平行与左斜交向气流在西北缘产生逆时针向的垂直轴涡流。沿长轴向,气流进入风蚀坑边缘发生分离减速,在风蚀坑底部重新附着,沿出风段坡面开始加速上升至坑后沙丘顶部,在坑后沙丘背风坡气流发生扩散减速。在横断面或弧形断面气流以单增或单减的形式存在。观测期间风蚀坑总体上以堆积作用为主,区域风能大小决定了蚀积作用强弱,而输沙方向与风蚀坑长轴向夹角决定蚀积空间分布格局。 相似文献
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Landscape pattern change and driving force of blowout distribution in the Hulun Buir Sandy Grassland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The land coverage pattern changes for the past 50 years in a typical region of the Hulun Buir Sandy Grassland were interpreted and analyzed based on a series of remote sensing images in 1959, 2002, 2004 and 2009. The temporal and spatial changes of landscape patterns were revealed and the driving forces were analyzed. The results show that all land coverage types had large variable amplitudes. The grassland area decreased, whereas other areas increased. Owing to implementation of artificial sand fixation from 2004 to 2009, the areas of flowing blowouts and depositional area decreased by 71,369 and 128,835 m2, respectively. The average patch area reduced, but the number of blowouts increased, fractal dimension increased, and blowout structure became complex. The fragmentation index increased, whereas contagion index decreased. Driving force analysis shows that human factors such as overgrazing are slightly larger than natural factors of increased temperature and decreased precipitation. 相似文献
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Following the Yogyakarta earthquake on May 27th, 2006, the subsequent eruption of a mud volcano has been closely observed and analyzed by the geological community. The mud volcano, known as LUSI, began erupting near the Banjarpanji-1 exploration well in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. LUSI offers a unique opportunity to study the genesis and development of a mud volcano. 相似文献
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