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AK Mishra D. Bhattacharya 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(1):47-59
The mineral industry is leading towards a technology driven optimization process. Drilling and blasting are such unit operations in a mine, which can alter the balance sheet of the mine if not planned properly. The development, improvement and utilization of innovative technologies in terms of blast monitoring instruments and explosives technology are important for cost effectiveness and safety of mineral industries.
The ever-growing demand for minerals has compelled the industry to adopt large opencast projects using heavy equipment. This has necessitated use of a few hundred tonnes of explosives in each blast. The bulk delivered fourth generation explosives have solved the problem of explosive loading to a large extent as it provides improved safety in manufacturing, transportation and handling. Bulk delivered emulsion is non-explosive until gasification is complete and a large quantity of explosive can be transported and loaded into blast holes efficiently and with safety. The priming of bulk delivered explosives in Indian mines uses the conventional PETN/TNT-based boosters. The conventional booster possesses safety problems in terms of handling and use, so Indian Explosives Ltd has developed an emulsion-based booster (Powergel Boost).
This paper explores the potential of an emulsion-based booster used as a primer to initiate bulk delivered emulsion explosives used in mines. An attempt has been made at a comparative study between the conventional booster and the emulsion-based booster in terms of the initiation process developed and their capability of developing and maintaining a stable detonation process in the column explosives. The study has been conducted using a continuous velocity of detonation (VOD) measuring instrument, the VODMate two channel system manufactured by Instantel Inc. of Canada. During this study three blasts were monitored. In each blast two holes were selected for study, the first hole was initiated using a conventional booster while the other one used an emulsion-based booster. The findings of the study advocates that the emulsion-based booster is capable of the efficient priming of bulk delivered column explosive with a stable detonation process in the column. 相似文献
The ever-growing demand for minerals has compelled the industry to adopt large opencast projects using heavy equipment. This has necessitated use of a few hundred tonnes of explosives in each blast. The bulk delivered fourth generation explosives have solved the problem of explosive loading to a large extent as it provides improved safety in manufacturing, transportation and handling. Bulk delivered emulsion is non-explosive until gasification is complete and a large quantity of explosive can be transported and loaded into blast holes efficiently and with safety. The priming of bulk delivered explosives in Indian mines uses the conventional PETN/TNT-based boosters. The conventional booster possesses safety problems in terms of handling and use, so Indian Explosives Ltd has developed an emulsion-based booster (Powergel Boost).
This paper explores the potential of an emulsion-based booster used as a primer to initiate bulk delivered emulsion explosives used in mines. An attempt has been made at a comparative study between the conventional booster and the emulsion-based booster in terms of the initiation process developed and their capability of developing and maintaining a stable detonation process in the column explosives. The study has been conducted using a continuous velocity of detonation (VOD) measuring instrument, the VODMate two channel system manufactured by Instantel Inc. of Canada. During this study three blasts were monitored. In each blast two holes were selected for study, the first hole was initiated using a conventional booster while the other one used an emulsion-based booster. The findings of the study advocates that the emulsion-based booster is capable of the efficient priming of bulk delivered column explosive with a stable detonation process in the column. 相似文献
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Vic Wing-Hang Tsang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(10):1462-156
A mild, low-temperature analytical approach based on sonication assisted extraction coupled with HPLC electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of the four Irgarol-related s-triazine species, namely Irgarol-1051, M1, M2 and M3, in coastal sediments and Green-lipped mussel samples. Mild extraction conditions were necessary for the preservation of the thermally unstable M2. The Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode of detection by ESI-MS/MS enabled reliable qualitative identification and sensitive quantitative determination of those s-triazines. This determination method was applied to evaluate the degree of Irgarol-1051 contamination in the sediments and biota of the coastal environment of Hong Kong - one of the busiest maritime ports in the world. All the four s-triazine species were observed in all of the samples. This is the first time that the newly identified M2 and M3 are detected in coastal sediments and biota tissues. 相似文献
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Shanwei Ke Peng Wang Xueyue Geng Jun Hai Jinqiang Jin 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(8):970-979
AbstractCompared with traditional vacuum preloading, air booster vacuum preloading is more effective at strengthening dredged slurry and improving the consolidation process. Although many engineering practices have shown that the pressurized duration has a significant effect on the reinforcement effect, there is no standard available for determining the pressurized duration. In this study, five dredged slurry samples were tested to examine the effect of different pressurized durations on the consolidation. An extensive monitoring system was used to measure the vacuum pressure, pore water pressure, settlement, and water discharge during the test, while the water content and shear strength were measured after the test. The collected monitoring data were comprehensively analyzed to evaluate the reinforcement effect. The results revealed that the pressurization system can be used to reinforce deep dredged slurry and make the whole soil layer more homogeneous. If the pressurized duration is too short, the dissipation of pore water pressure is too little to achieve the pressurization effect. If the pressurized duration is too long, too much gas will be in the soil and enter the vacuum system, which will significantly reduce the vacuum pressure and thus the reinforcement effect. Based on these findings, the optimal pressurized duration was obtained. 相似文献
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综述了生活饮用水水质处理技术如饮用水水质标准、水源水水质处理标准、饮用水出厂水质处理、管网水质研究、末梢水质净化研究的进展,并指出今后应加强的改进建议。 相似文献
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Zhiwei Xie Jun Wang Yuanqiang Cai Hu Xiuqing Yin Cai 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(1):122-131
AbstractAir booster vacuum preloading method is a useful method for strengthening dredged slurry. Though this method is improved effectively with the rapidly developed technology, the problem of inadequate reinforcement in deep layers of soil is still in existence. In view of the fact that the pressurizing system can effectively enhance the reinforcement effect. Therefore, this paper discusses the reinforcement effect of a new pressurizing system that put the booster pipeline at the bottom of soil. Meanwhile, another problem is found that the booster pipeline type was single at present, the action effect of different kind of booster pipeline is still uncertain. In this paper, laboratory experiments are performed to investigate the influence of two kinds of pressurization position and two types of booster pipeline on the treatment of five dredged slurry samples. The test results showed that though the vertical pressurizing system can be good to reinforce the middle soil layers, but the bottom pressurizing system can make the whole soil layer more homogeneous. Furthermore, the difference of the two kinds of booster pipeline on the reinforcement effect of soil is not significant. These results provide good guidance for practical application of air booster vacuum preloading in land reclamation project. 相似文献
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Surface water samples from marinas, commercial ports and open bay areas collected from Biscayne Bay and the Miami River, Florida, USA, were analyzed for the occurrence of IRGAROL 1051 by GC/MS. The anifouling boosting herbicide was found in 80% (46/57) of the samples collected between March 1999 and September 2000. Concentrations within the bay range between non-detected (<1 ppt) and 61 ppt (ng/L) and were generally low compared with levels reported in European or Japanese waters. Aside from the elevated concentrations observed along the Miami River South Fork (61 ppt), the highest concentrations observed in the bay corresponded to marinas with high density of pleasure craft and restricted water circulation. In contrast, occurrence of IRGAROL 1051 along the commercial port or the cruise line terminal was generally lower (<1-2.2 ppt). Concentrations around Coconut Grove Marina were consistently higher (5-12 ppt) than the rest of the bay waters during the whole period of time surveyed. 相似文献
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The kinetics of the photoinduced degradation and transformation of the antifouling booster biocide, Irgarol-1051, in natural coastal seawater was studied. The measured first-order rate constant for the degradation of Irgarol-1051 was 4.02 ± 0.1 × 10−4 h−1, while the rate constant for the formation of 2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-amino-s-triazine (M1), the most dominant degradation product of Irgarol-1051, was 4.6 ± 0.1 × 10−5 h−1. This considerably slower rate suggested that the transformation of Irgarol-1051 to M1 may not be the predominant pathway of the photodegradation process. During the photodegradation study, a new s-triazine species was observed in the degradation mixtures which, together with M1, appeared immediately upon photolysis and continued to accumulate in the degradation mixture throughout the entire study duration. This is in contrast to the behaviour of the recently identified degradation product of Irgarol-1051, 3-[4-tert-butylamino-6-methylthiol-s-triazin-2-ylamino]- propionaldehyde (M2), which was only detected in the degradation mixture after a long induction period. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometric analysis hinted that the new degradation product (M4) may possess a terminal alcohol and is likely to be an N-allylic alcohol derivative of M1. This suggests that M4 may, indeed, be a precursor of M2 via redox transformation at its N-allylic alcohol functionality. 相似文献