Effectiveness of post-fire salvage logging stream buffer management for hillslope erosion in the U.S. Inland Northwest Mountains     

Peter R. Robichaud  Edwin D. Bone  Sarah A. Lewis  Erin S. Brooks  Robert E. Brown 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13943

Active wildfire seasons in the western U.S. warrant the evaluation of post-fire forest management strategies. Ground-based salvage logging is often used to recover economic loss of burned timber. In unburned forests, ground-based logging often follows best management practices by leaving undisturbed areas near streams called stream buffers. However, the effectiveness of these buffers has not been tested in a post-wildfire setting. This experiment tested buffer width effectiveness with a novel field-simulated rill experiment using sediment-laden runoff (25 g/L) released over 40 min at evenly timed flow rates (50, 100 and 150 L/min) to measure surface runoff travel length and sediment concentration under unburned and high and low soil burn severity conditions at 2-, 10- and 22-month post-fire. High severity areas 2-month post-fire had rill lengths of up to 100 m. Rill length significantly decreased over time as vegetation regrowth provided ground cover. Sediment concentration and sediment dropout rate also varied significantly by soil burn severity. Sediment concentrations were 19 g/L for the highest flow 2-month post-fire and reduced to 6.9–14 g/L 10-month post-fire due to abundant vegetation recovery. The amount of sediment dropping out of the flow consistently increased over the study period with the low burn severity rate of 1.15 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ approaching the unburned rate of 1.29 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ by 2-year post-fire. These results suggest that an often-used standard, 15 m buffer, was sufficient to contain surface runoff and reduce sediment concentration on unburned sites, however buffers on high burn severity sites need to be eight times greater (120 m) immediately after wildfire and four times greater (60 m) 1-year post-fire. Low burn severity areas 1-year post-fire may need to be only twice the width of an unburned buffer (30 m), and 2-year post-fire these could return to unburned widths.  相似文献   

An iterative technique to delineate protection buffers for wetlands in regions subject to intensive groundwater pumping     

H.F. Aristizábal 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(8):885-899

Wetlands are vulnerable to groundwater extraction, which has proven detrimental to aquatic ecosystems around the planet. As wetlands rank among the world’s most endangered ecosystems, versatile strategies are required to protect them. This paper provides a modelling-based method to delineate protection buffers in wetlands subject to groundwater extraction. The technique is sufficiently flexible to cater to a wide variety of conditions, and simple enough to underpin management decisions on a daily basis. A numerical model is used to obtain a map of the critical rate of groundwater abstraction, based on the distance between wetlands and suitable discharge thresholds. The outcomes determine the allowed pumping rate at any point under steady and transient-state conditions. A new iteration is developed every time a new pumping allowance is made. This procedure is demonstrated by means of hypothetical scenarios, as well as by a case study application in the Valle del Cauca region, Colombia.  相似文献   

基于点云投影线探测的高墩位姿自动检测方法     

韩富庆  郭国和  杨承昆  吴勇生  王伟力  李彩林 《测绘通报》2021,(9):130-135,150

针对目前超高桥墩垂直度检测方法存在危险系数较高、精度难以保证或自动化程度与工作效率较低的情况,本文提出一种基于三维激光扫描技术的点云数据超高桥墩位姿自动检测方法。该方法首先将海量墩面点云双向分层;然后依条件选择分层文件探测点云投影线并划分桥墩面缓冲区;最后根据缓冲区自动提取墩面点云并进行位姿检测。本文以某山区高速桥梁高墩位姿检测为例进行试验,试验结果,表明该方法具有无接触测量、高自动化、高工作效率及检测范围全面的优势。  相似文献   

MAPGIS环境下实现证据权法确定最佳缓冲区     

李鲲  陈建国 《物探化探计算技术》2011,33(4):462-466,350

断裂和某些特殊的岩体等地质要素通常与成矿作用密切相关,寻找其空间位置与成矿的关系是一项值得研究的内容,但目前尚缺乏定量分析的有力工具。这里利用证据法和MAP-GIS的空间分析功能,实现了线缓冲区与矿点分布的空间关系的定量分析,介绍了应用原理和实现的技术流程,讨论了实现的关键技术,并以云南维西为例展示了应用效果。  相似文献   

不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吴建强 《水科学进展》2011,22(1):112-117

利用构建的东风港缓冲带现场试验基地和设计的径流流量测定装置,模拟上海地区农业面源污染物浓度和典型单次降雨历时及降雨量,对不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流和农田氮磷污染物去除能力开展定量化试验研究。结果表明:相同植被缓冲带,坡度越小,其滞缓径流和土壤水力渗透的能力越强,19 m长的2%坡度缓冲带径流初始出水时间比5%坡度缓冲带延长了7.3 min,两者的渗流水量比值达到1.74;不同坡度缓冲带渗流氮磷污染物去除量显著高于径流,2%、3%、4%和5%坡度缓冲带对于氮磷污染物的渗流去除量与径流去除量的比值分别为2.32、2.15、1.82和1.64;坡度的变化对缓冲带净化面源氮磷污染物效果的影响显著,坡度越小,缓冲带渗流水量越大,其氮磷污染物的总去除率和单位面积去除负荷也越高,2%坡度缓冲带对氮磷污染的总去除率和单位面积污染去除负荷分别是5%坡度的1.56倍和1.66倍,2%坡度缓冲带对TN、NH₃--N、TP的单位面积去除负荷均最高,分别达到0.661 g/m2、0.672 g/m2和0.044 g/m2。  相似文献   

Appraisal of storm beach buffer width for cyclonic waves     

F.-C. Lee  John R.-C. Hsu  W.-H. Lin 《Coastal Engineering》2011

The loss of beach sand from berm and dune due to high waves and surge is a universal phenomenon associated with sporadic storm activities. To protect the development in a coastal hazard zone, hard structures or coastal setback have been established in many countries around the world. In this paper, the requirement of a storm beach buffer, being a lesser extent landward comparing with the coastal setback to ensure the safety of infrastructures, is numerically assessed using the SBEACH model for three categories of wave conditions in terms of storm return period, median sand grain size, berm width, and design water level. Two of the key outputs from the numerical calculations, berm retreat and bar formation offshore, are then analysed, as well as beach profile change. After having performed a series of numerical studies on selected large wave tank (LWT) test results with monochromatic waves using SBEACH, we may conclude that: (1) Berm erosion increases and submerged bar develops further offshore as the storm return period increases for beach with a specific sand grain size, or as the sand grain reduces on a beach under the action of identical wave condition; (2) Higher storm waves yield a large bar to form quicker and subsequently cause wave breaking on the bar crest, which can reduce the wave energy and limit the extent of the eroding berm; (3) A larger buffer width is required for a beach comprising small sand grain, in order to effectively absorb storm wave energy; and (4) Empirical relationships can be tentatively proposed to estimate the storm beach buffer width, from the input of wave conditions and sediment grain size. These results would benefit a beach nourishment project for shore protection or design of a recreational beach.  相似文献   

一种基于空间对象的缓冲区分析算法     

崔爽  苏鸿  叶良松  李景文 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(1)

在传统缓冲区分析基本思想的基础上,提出基于空间对象缓冲区分析定义,区别在于邻域半径:前者为常量,后者为变量。设计实现基于空间对象缓冲区分析算法,该算法以空间对象为计算粒度,分为计算缓冲区边界点、生成缓冲区多边形、筛选缓冲区多边形内空间对象3个步骤,并从算法执行机理的角度对其做定性与定量评估。结果表明,该算法解决了传统缓冲区分析难以处理图层内以空间实体为分析粒度的问题,时间和空间复杂度亦优于传统缓冲区分析算法。  相似文献   

导航数字地图的快速显示技术研究     

高扬  杨志强  乌萌 《测绘科学》2011,36(3):236-238,229

针对车辆导航系统中地图显示问题,本文设计了"LOD层+多层四叉树+R树"三级索引结构,对现有的四叉树分块方式进行了改进,提出了基于多层四叉树空间分块和块内根据R树分包的数据组织方案,有效解决了覆盖多个网格的要素存放问题;提出了多层和多块的数据缓冲区结构,以及相应的数据后台预取和更新策略,提高了教据提取效率.试验结果表明...  相似文献   

线实体候选匹配集的优化方法研究     

胡天硕  毛政元 《测绘科学》2011,36(2):132-135

地图数据合并是地理空间数据集成的基本途径,同名实体匹配是其中的重点与难点。本文根据线实体的形状将其分为简单线实体与复杂线实体,提出针对前者以线实体端点与中点为发生元生成的Voronoi图所得到的邻近对应关系为依据、针对后者以基于线实体缓冲区重叠度构造的相似性测度指标为依据优化候选匹配集的思路,并设计与实现了相关算法。实证研究表明,该算法能够适应不同比例尺与不同时相的城市道路网地图数据同名实体匹配。  相似文献   

基于四种水产病原弧菌的简型芯片检测体系的优化          下载免费PDF全文

朱鹏飞  李壹  王宗灵  曲凌云 《海洋科学进展》2015,33(2):257-269

基因芯片技术在病原菌检测领域展现出良好的前景,本文依托水产病原菌基因检测芯片的检测体系,以水产常见病原弧菌的hsp60、toxR基因检测探针为研究对象,系统研究不同点样液配方、寡核苷酸探针浓度、荧光标记物质浓度、杂交温度、杂交时长对芯片杂交效果的影响,并进行相应优化。结果表明,杂交温度为60℃、杂交时长为2h、探针浓度为1μmol/L、Cy3标记的随机引物的用量为150pmol时,芯片的经济性、灵敏度、检测效率达到均衡;以0.1mol/L磷酸氢二钠和25%二甲基亚砜混合溶液作为点样液,效果较好。优化后的芯片对4种弧菌的检测没有出现交叉杂交现象,探针特异性达到100%;对溶藻弧菌全基因组DNA检测灵敏度为10fg,高出PCR方法约2个数量级。  相似文献