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1.
油田抽油机的抽油杆幌动幅度过大,是引起抽油杆断裂的一个重要因素,检测这种幌动幅度是防止抽油杆断裂的一种有效手段。设计了一种基于面阵CCD和普通半导体激光器(LD)测量这种幌动的悬点投影测量方法,通过数字卷积滤波,达到了范围为0-40mm,误差<0.2mm的技术检测指标。 相似文献
2.
Roles of Biogeochemical Processes in the Oceanic Carbon Cycle Described with a Simple Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masahiko?FujiiEmail author Motoyoshi?Ikeda Yasuhiro?Yamanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):803-815
To evaluate the contribution of biogeochemical processes to the oceanic carbon cycle and to calculate the ratio of calcium
carbonate to organic carbon downward export, we have incorporated biological and alkalinity pumps in the yoked high-latitude
exchange/interior diffusion-advection (YOLDA) model. The biogeochemical processes are represented by four parameters. The
values of the parameters are tuned so that the model can reproduce the observed phosphate and alkalinity distributions in
each oceanic region. The sensitivity of the model to the biogeochemical parameters shows that biological production rates
in the euphotic zone and decomposition depths of particulate matters significantly influence horizontal and vertical distributions
of biogeochemical substances. The modeled vertical fluxes of particulate organic phosphorus and calcium carbonate are converted
to vertical carbon fluxes by the biological pump and the alkalinity pump, respectively. The downward carbon flux from the
surface layer to the deep layer in the entire region is estimated to be 3.36 PgC/yr, which consists of 2.93 PgC/yr from the
biological pump and 0.43 PgC/yr from the alkalinity pump, which is consistent with previous studies. The modeled rain ratio
is higher with depth and higher in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. The global rain ratio at the
surface layer is calculated to be 0.14 to 0.15. This value lies between the lower and higher ends of the previous estimates,
which range widely from 0.05 to 0.25. This study indicates that the rain ratio is unlikely to be higher than 0.15, at least
in the surface waters. 相似文献
3.
Toshiro Saino Alexander Bychkov Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Paul J. Harrison 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(1):1-4
This special issue is comprised of 13 papers, including this overview, and focuses on the synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean
Flux Study (JGOFS) in the North Pacific which took place from 1997 through 2003. The effort was led by the JGOFS North Pacific
Synthesis Group, with the aim of quantifying CO2 drawdown by physical and biological pumps in the North Pacific by identifying and studying the regional, seasonal to inter-annual
variations in the key processes, and understanding their regulating mechanisms. Emphasis was placed on the similarities and
differences of the biogeochemical regimes in the eastern and western subarctic Pacific. Effort was also made to address the
future research directions which arose from the scientific findings during the North Pacific JGOFS process study. A brief
overview of the papers from view points of CO2 drawdown by physical and biological pumps, spatial variability, and temporal variability from seasonal to decadal scales
is made, followed by suggestions for the directions of future research.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Intense studies of upper and deep ocean processes were carried out in the Northwestern Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea) within the framework of JGOFS and related projects in order to improve our understanding of the marine carbon cycle and the ocean’s role as a reservoir for atmospheric CO2. The results show a pronounced monsoon-driven seasonality with enhanced organic carbon fluxes into the deep-sea during the SW Monsoon and during the early and late NE Monsoon north of 10°N. The productivity is mainly regulated by inputs of nutrients from subsurface waters into the euphotic zone via upwelling and mixed layer-deepening. Deep mixing introduces light limitation by carrying photoautotrophic organisms below the euphotic zone during the peak of the NE Monsoon. Nevertheless, deep mixing and strong upwelling during the SW Monsoon provide an ecological advantage for diatoms over other photoautotrophic organisms by increasing the silica concentrations in the euphotic zone. When silica concentrations fall below 2 μmol l−1, diatoms lose their dominance in the plankton community. During diatom-dominated blooms, the biological pathway of uptake of CO2 (the biological pump) appears to be more efficient than during blooms of other organisms, as indicated by organic carbon to carbonate carbon (rain) ratios. Due to the seasonal alternation of diatom and non-diatom dominated exports, spatial variations of the annual mean rain ratios are hardly discernible along the main JGOFS transect.Data-based estimates of the annual mean impact of the biological pump on the fCO2 in the surface water suggest that the biological pump reduces the increase of fCO2 in the surface water caused by intrusion of CO2-enriched subsurface water by 50–70%. The remaining 30 to 50% are attributed to CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Rain ratios up to 60% higher in river-influenced areas off Pakistan and in the Bay of Bengal than in the open Arabian Sea imply that riverine silica inputs can further enhance the impact of the biological pump on the fCO2 in the surface water by supporting diatom blooms. Consequently, it is assumed that reduced river discharges caused by the damming of major rivers increase CO2 emission by lowering silica inputs to the Arabian Sea; this mechanism probably operates in other regions of the world ocean also. 相似文献
6.
双作用水泵泡沫增压装置应用及前景分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双作用水泵泡沫增压装置是利用双缸双作用水泵的高压能力将低压空气和泡沫液二次增压至水泵的额定压力,并混合产生泡沫.采用BWZ-1200双作用水泵泡沫增压装置在北京地区深度为1 000 m以下的地热井钻探中,成功地克服了地热井钻进中井内漏失和洗井的难题;在极度缺水的宁夏南部地区水井钻探中,采用BWZ-1100双作用水泵泡沫增压装置解决了水井孔内严重漏失和施工用水的难题.该装置可代替价格昂贵的高压空压机实现气举反循环钻探,应用于深地热井、深水井和油气井钻探. 相似文献
7.
广州航空邮件处理中心位于岩溶发育地区,场区内存在大量土洞、溶洞等不良地质现象。该建筑物拟采用静压桩基础。为保证建筑物及场道安全,须对场区土洞进行处理。结合场地具体情况和施工工期要求,首先对大体积土洞进行泵注细石砼骨料充填处理,以消除地面大面积塌陷的危险,消灭压桩机械施工安全隐患,然后开始进行静压桩基础施工,同时在场地允许区域对中小体积土洞、桩端软土层等分别进行泵注砂浆骨料和袖阀注浆处理.以确保洞体密实和保证桩基承载力。通过对处理工艺、处理范围的比较筛选和对质量控制要点、施工技术要点的分析提炼.达到了施工简便、造价合理、安全高效的目的,并采用骨料取芯检测、土体标贯试验和压缩试验、洞体物探等多种检测手段,完全达到了设计要求,取得了良好的工程效果和经济效益。 相似文献
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国家地下水监测工程建设由国土资源部和水利部联合立项申报,历经10余年的可行性研究和评估论证,最终由国家发展和改革委员会批准实施。项目财政投资20多亿元,覆盖全国31个省、区、市及新疆建设兵团,涵盖了全国7大流域和16个重要水文地质单元,共布设20401个地下水监测站点。项目的组织实施意义重大,事关地质环境、饮水安全和经济社会的可持续发展等民生问题。其中,钻探工程决定着国家地下水监测工程建设的质量、运行效果及使用寿命。本文针对项目“地域分布广、施工战线长、地质条件复杂”等特点,从组织管理、钻井结构设计、成井管材和钻进工艺选择等方面的关键问题进行了分析研究,并提出了具体建议。 相似文献