CG-6型重力仪零漂特性研究     

郝洪涛  刘少明  韦进  胡敏章 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(10):1086-1090

对中国地震局地震研究所最新引进的4台CG-6型相对重力仪的零漂特性进行测试研究，结果表明，4台重力仪的静态零漂率、混合零漂率和动态零漂率均小于8 μGal/h，满足厂家给出的技术指标。在较长观测时间内，各台仪器的零漂均存在不同程度的非线性特征，因此在进行较长时间的野外观测以及后续数据处理中，不宜将零漂率作为常数进行解算和零漂改正。  相似文献   

Undrained lower bound solutions for end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clays     

Boonchai Ukritchon  Suraparb Keawsawasvong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(5):596-632

The undrained bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clay is investigated by the lower bound (LB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) under two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric condition using second-order cone programming, and the new solution of the problem is presented. Modified from the isotropic von Mises yield criterion, a cross-anisotropic undrained strength criterion of clays under the axisymmetric state of stress requiring three input shear strengths in triaxial compression, direct simple shear, and triaxial extension is employed in the 2D axisymmetric LB FELA. Parametric studies on the effects of pile embedment ratio, dimensionless strength gradient, anisotropic strength ratio, and pile roughness are investigated extensively, while the predicted failure mechanisms associated with these parameters are discussed and compared. Numerical results of undrained end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles are summarized in the form of design tables that are useful for design practice and represent a new contribution to the field of pile capacity considering the combined effects of undrained strength non-homogeneity and anisotropy.  相似文献   

水平低周往复位移下单桩-土相互作用试验研究     

黄福云  陈汉伦  董锐  单玉麟 《岩土力学》2020,41(5):1625-1634

整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥梁（以下简称整体桥）桩基应设计为柔性桩，以保证较好的抗水平变形能力。但是，我国相关规范中判别柔性桩的算法主要应用于单向水平受荷桩，可否沿用至整体桥桩基还有待验证。为此，根据一种特殊设计的桩身变形测量方法，对3根埋深不同的混凝土模型桩进行了低周水平往复位移下的拟静力试验，研究单桩-土体系的抗震性能和相互作用机制。研究表明，水平往复位移下混凝土桩在埋深为3D～6D（D为桩径）范围内开裂；桩的埋深越大，桩身挠曲程度越大、变形特征点位置也越深、桩-土体系的抗弯刚度也越大、水平极限承载力也越高、抗震性能也越强。研究还表明，桩-土体系进入弹塑性阶段后，柔性桩的水平工作性状将逐渐向刚性桩退化。另外，在判别整体桥桩基的水平工作性状时，我国相关规范中的规定偏不安全。实际工程中，建议以Broms方法进行参考计算。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐大气混合层厚度和稳定度与大气污染的关系          下载免费PDF全文

李振杰  金莉莉  何清  缪启龙  买买提艾力·买买提依明 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):478-491

利用乌鲁木齐市4座10层100 m梯度气象塔2013年6月~2014年4月气象观测资料和7个环境监测站[WTBX]AQI[WTBZ]资料，计算并分析了大气混合层厚度和稳定度特征，探讨了大气混合层厚度和稳定度与污染的关系。结果表明：乌鲁木齐市混合层厚度夏季郊区高、城区低，冬季从南郊—城区—北郊随地势降低依次降低；夏季和冬季分别在1 559～1 772 m和526～1 156 m之间。地面至2 km以上每500 m高度间隔统计混合层厚度，500～1 000 m出现频率最多；月变化为6～9月基本在500 m以上，且每个高度区间其概率均超过10%，10月～次年2月1 500 m以上区间概率明显减小；日变化为中午13:00～16:00达到最高值，下午和傍晚迅速下降。白天较大的感热输送提供充足的热力条件，这也体现出白天以不稳定层结为主，夜间则以稳定层结为主。大气稳定度分类结果，夏季郊区和城区不稳定（A～C类）所占比例差不多，冬季北郊稳定（E、F类）所占比较最大、城区最弱。[WTBX]AQI指数冬季最大，从南郊—城区—北郊依次增大，这与采暖期污染物多、南郊比北郊地势高有利于扩散输送有关。总体来看，乌鲁木齐大气混合层厚度空间分布与气象要素、大气稳定度、地形等密切相关，对AQI[WTBZ]指数分布有重要影响，这对近地层大气污染状况预报有着重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Soil resistances for laterally loaded rigid piles in multi-layered elastic soil     

Bipin K. Gupta 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(1):10-28

ABSTRACT

Short stubby piles like monopiles and large diameter drilled shafts undergo rigid body translation and rotation when subjected to a lateral force and/or a moment at the head. A method of analysis for these piles embedded in multi-layered elastic soil is developed using the variational principles of mechanics. Using this analysis, the soil resistance against pile movement can be rigorously related to the soil elastic constants, and the pile head displacement and rotation can be quickly calculated. The equilibrium equations for pile and soil displacements are obtained using the principle of virtual work and solved using an iterative algorithm. Pile responses obtained from the analysis match well with those obtained from three-dimensional finite element analyses in which the same inputs of loads, geometry, and material properties are given. Based on the new analysis, fitted equations for soil resistance parameters are developed, which can be used to directly calculate the pile head displacement and rotation without the use of the iterative algorithm. Numerical examples are provided that demonstrate how the method can be used to analyse practical problems.  相似文献   

Development of the cyclic p–y curve for a single pile in sandy soil     

Sung-Ha Baek  Joonyoung Kim  Seung-Hwan Lee 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):351-359

Pile foundations that support transmission towers or offshore structures are dominantly subjected to cyclic lateral load induced by wind and waves. For a successful design, it is crucial to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile behavior that is loaded laterally. Although the p–y curve method is generally utilized to design the cyclic laterally loaded pile foundations, the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile has not been properly implemented with the p–y curve. This reflects a lack of consideration of the overall stiffness change in soil–pile interaction. To address this, a series of model pile tests were conducted in this study on a preinstalled aluminum flexible pile under various sandy soil conditions. The test results were used to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the p–y behavior. The cyclic p–y curve, which properly takes into account this effect, was developed as a hyperbolic function. Pseudo-static analysis was also conducted with the proposed cyclic p–y curve, which showed that it was able to properly simulate cyclic laterally loaded pile behavior in sandy soil.  相似文献   

Sharks caught in the KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme,South Africa. 14. The smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus)     

ML Dicken  H Winker  MJ Smale  G Cliff 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):157-174

The current study provides long-term catch-rate, biological and feeding data for smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, caught in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal bather protection programme. In total, 2 512 S. zygaena were caught in net installations between 1978 and 2014, and 72 S. zygaena were caught on drumlines between 2007 and 2014. There was no significant log-linear year trend in the net catch rate over time (slope = 0.0054, t = 1.808, p = 0.07). However, there was a significant temporal increase in mean size of the captured sharks (slope = 0.0012, t = 3.502, p < 0.001). A quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model showed that increasing latitude, winter months, colder sea temperatures and the deployment of drumlines all had a significant positive effect on the catch rate of sharks in nets. The size frequency of the catch was unimodal, with significantly more females caught in the nets and more males on the drumlines. The majority (93.1%) of all sharks caught were immature and measured between 80 and 120 cm precaudal length. Teleosts and cephalopods dominated the sharks’ diet in terms of all dietary indices. The prey species consumed indicate that immature S. zygaena are feeding primarily within the pelagic zone of shallow coastal habitats.  相似文献   

Influence of seismic motions on behavior of piles in liquefied soils          下载免费PDF全文

Kaustav Chatterjee  Deepankar Choudhury 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(3):516-541

In the present study an analytical procedure based on finite element technique is proposed to investigate the influence of vertical load on deflection and bending moment of a laterally loaded pile embedded in liquefiable soil, subjected to permanent ground displacement. The degradation of subgrade modulus due to soil liquefaction and effect of nonlinearity are also considered. A free headed vertical concrete elastic nonyielding pile with a floating tip subjected to vertical compressive loading, lateral load, and permanent ground displacement due to earthquake motions, in liquefiable soil underlain by nonliquefiable stratum, is considered. The input seismic motions, having varying range of ground motion parameters, considered here include 1989 Loma Gilroy, 1995 Kobe, 2001 Bhuj, and 2011 Sikkim motions. It is calculated that maximum bending moment occurred at the interface of liquefiable and nonliquefiable soil layers and when thickness of liquefiable soil layer is around 60% of total pile length. Maximum bending moment of 1210 kNm and pile head deflection of 110 cm is observed because of 1995 Kobe motion, while 2001 Bhuj and 2011 Sikkim motions amplify the pile head deflection by 14.2 and 14.4 times and bending moment approximately by 4 times, when compared to nonliquefiable soil. Further, the presence of inertial load at the pile head increases bending moment and deflection by approximately 52% when subjected to 1995 Kobe motion. Thus, it is necessary to have a proper assessment of both kinematic and inertial interactions due to free field seismic motions and vertical loads for evaluating pile response in liquefiable soil.  相似文献   

流塑淤泥地层深基坑钢板桩围堰位移突变原因分析及处理          下载免费PDF全文

杨勇  詹元林 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):69-74

广东省珠海市洪鹤大桥主墩承台位于珠江西江流域的流塑状淤泥地层，采用钢板桩围堰进行基坑支护，基坑开挖过程中，钢板桩围堰发生较大的变形。经详细分析，发现导致事故的主要原因有地下水位持续升高导致土体力学性能显著下降、边跨侧钢板桩长度不足、基坑边缘集中荷载过大、施工控制不严、内支撑体系施工精度不足等。为了确保深基坑支护的安全，在全面分析总结了钢板桩围堰变形原因的基础上，结合实际情况，采取了增设穿透淤泥质土层的钢管桩围堰、加强内支撑体系等加固处理措施，并在实施过程中进行持续监测，最终安全地完成了基坑工程的施工。  相似文献   

加权混合估计中权值的确定方法     

宋迎春  宋采薇  左廷英 《测绘学报》2020,49(1):34-41

综合了大地测量中各种异方差多源观测模型和联合平差方法,说明了混合估计方法可以用于测量数据融合,平衡附加信息和样本信息对参数估计的影响。通过求取权值使参数估计的协方差阵的迹最小的方法,给出了一个权的最优选择方法。本文扩展了已有的加权混合估计方法,使得新方法中的权不受验前单位权方差的限制,能有效应用于大地测量数据处理。  相似文献