Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest     

Haixia Zhang  Congsheng Fu  Aimin Liao  Can Zhang  Jiufu Liu  Niu Wang  Bin He 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14091

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.  相似文献   

How soil texture,channel shape and cross-sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels     

Zhifan Mu  Tianxiao Li  Dong Liu  Qiang Fu  Renjie Hou  Qinglin Li  Yi Ji  Song Cui  Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155

To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R² values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.  相似文献   

内蒙古碾子沟钼矿床成矿流体来源、演化及成矿机理     

孙丰月  王睿  王一存  李顺达  王可勇  石开拓  孙清飞  王文元 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(3):768-780

内蒙古自治区碾子沟钼矿床地处华北地台北缘西拉木伦钼成矿带西段，为一典型的中型石英脉型钼矿床。该钼矿床矿脉（体）主要产于燕山早期二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩内NNW、NW向断裂构造体系之中，成矿作用过程经历了黄铁矿±辉钼矿＋石英（Ⅰ）、辉钼矿＋黄铁矿±黄铜矿＋石英（Ⅱ）、黄铜矿＋黄铁矿±闪锌矿＋石英（Ⅲ）及石英±方解石（Ⅳ）4个阶段。系统的流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体组分析、包裹体显微测温研究表明，矿床初始成矿流体为高温、中低盐度（490~550℃，盐度（w（NaC1））2%~10%，50~62 MPa）均匀的NaCl-H₂O体系热液，δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW（2.21‰）及δD_H2O-SMOW（-68.9‰）表明其主要来源于岩浆热液；成矿流体上升并不断汇聚于容矿断裂空间，伴随温度、压力降低（380~460℃，26~40 MPa→360~420℃，25~30 MPa）而进入两相不混溶区，流体开始发生沸腾→强烈沸腾作用，导致成矿元素Mo大量沉淀富集成矿，成矿晚期残余流体与大气降水混合（δ¹⁸O_H2O-SMOW为-2.41‰~2.51‰，δD_H2O-SMOW为-110.1‰~-105.5‰），矿床属燕山早期中高温岩浆热液型钼矿床。  相似文献   

浅析四川省金矿床资源储量概况及成矿类型     

宋元宝  杨怀超  白富政  张伟  牟昀屹  侯从强  杨志军  王丹 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):56-59,63

四川省岩金矿主要分布于阿坝州北部-东部及甘孜州和凉山州-盆地西部地区,其次是广元市-绵阳市西北部的"金三角"地区的分布特征。通过研究和归纳,本文将矿床类型归纳为11个三级亚类,并根据该11个类型对矿床规模进行统计,得出了数量上四川省以岩浆热液型金矿为主,其次为砂矿性金矿为主,再次为海相火山岩型金矿的结论。在此基础上,对四川省的金矿勘查工作程度、开发利用情况进行了评述,希望能够起到抛砖引玉作用,为省内金矿的勘查开发利用及找矿提供一定思路。  相似文献   

北京区域成矿规律综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方同明  高学泉  刘林生  刘旭东  李莉  程新彬  何付兵  张晓亮  董静  林天懿  郭高轩 《地质学报》2020,94(1):36-49

2013～2019年开展的"中国矿产地质志·北京卷"项目是全面总结北京地区现代地质矿产工作,特别是新中国成立以来北京地区矿产勘查与研究成果,旨在全面反映北京市矿产全貌及重要成矿规律。本文是对该项工作部分成果的概括总结。系统收集了北京市铁、金、煤、石灰岩等各类矿产资料,划分了矿种矿床类型,重点对铁、金、煤、石灰岩等矿种成矿地质特征进行了阐述。在全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ级成矿区带划分基础上,结合北京市地质构造演化和成矿特点,提出北京市区域成矿区带划分方案,划分了怀柔北金萤石成矿区、八达岭金铜钼铅锌成矿区、京西煤石灰岩成矿区、密云-怀柔铁金成矿区、密云-平谷金石灰岩成矿区5个Ⅴ级成矿区,总结了不同区带各矿种规律特征。从矿产时空演化、岩浆岩控矿、构造控矿角度进行了区域成矿规律总结,提升了北京地区矿产地质研究水平,填补了北京区域成矿规律多矿种综合性研究的空白。  相似文献   

四川米易海塔地区混合岩型铀矿流体包裹体特征     

郭锐  陈友良  刘凯鹏  郑玉文  胡漾 《矿物学报》2020,40(2):137-148

混合岩型铀矿是康滇地轴上最有希望取得找矿突破的铀矿类型,海塔地区的铀矿化即是该类型铀矿的典型代表。本文针对区内的长英质脉矿石、富晶质铀矿石英脉矿石和含矿热液石英脉中的石英流体包裹体进行了研究。结果表明,海塔地区混合岩型铀矿的成矿作用可分为2个阶段:早期混合岩化热液成矿阶段为高温、中低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在380~540℃,盐度变化范围为16.15%~23.18%NaCl eqv,是区内铀成矿的主要阶段;晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段为中低温、低盐度流体,流体包裹体均一温度集中在140~220℃,盐度变化范围为5.56%~23.18%NaCleqv,是区内富铀矿的形成阶段。流体包裹体的气相成分测试表明,长英质脉矿石石英包裹体中以CH4、CO2为主,其次为H2O和N2;而富晶质铀矿石英脉及含矿热液石英脉石英包裹体中以H2为主,部分含有CO2、CH4、H2O。氢、氧同位素研究表明,早期混合岩化成矿阶段的成矿流体可能为岩浆水与变质水的混合,而晚期热液叠加改造成矿阶段成矿流体中可能有大气降水的加入。  相似文献   

北京十三陵地区青白口系长龙山组含铁建造的发育特征及成因^*          下载免费PDF全文

张琴  王柏寒  周琛  孙祖宇  梅啸寒  原成帅  王凯 《古地理学报》2020,22(3):570-586

含铁建造在整个前寒武纪的地质记录中分布广泛,但针对华北地区青白口系长龙山组出露的含铁建造目前还没有报道。文中通过野外观察及室内XRD、SEM、ICP-MS等手段,对北京十三陵地区出露的长龙山组含铁建造的分布规律、矿物组成、成矿物质来源等开展研究,并探讨含铁建造的成因机制。结果表明,含铁建造的铁质主要为赤铁矿,与石英、海绿石等矿物伴生。含铁建造存在2种分布模式: Ⅰ型含铁建造,与海绿石伴生,产出厚度变化大(1~50 cm),偏光显微镜下海绿石砂岩和铁质条带呈互层状产出,赤铁矿具近球形结构;Ⅱ型含铁建造,无海绿石伴生,产出厚度相对较大(一般大于10 cm),镜下见黑色的富铁层夹碎屑石英透镜体,赤铁矿常发育针状或雪花状结构。依据构造演化和微量元素分析,认为含铁建造的铁质来源主要为下马岭组顶部的铁质风化壳。Ⅰ型含铁建造为化学胶体沉淀与海绿石风化的混合成因;Ⅱ型含铁建造主要属于胶体化学沉积成因,后期可能经受了糜棱化改造作用。这一结论为华北地区前寒武纪含铁建造的找矿提供了沉积地质依据,对于完善含铁建造成矿机理及华北地区元古代构造演化具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Morphodynamic assessment of side channel systems using a simple one‐dimensional bifurcation model and a comparison with aerial images          下载免费PDF全文

R. Pepijn van Denderen  Ralph M. J. Schielen  Astrid Blom  Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher  Maarten G. Kleinhans 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(6):1169-1182

Side channel construction is a common intervention applied to increase a river's conveyance capacity and to increase its ecological value. Past modelling efforts suggest two mechanisms affecting the morphodynamic change of a side channel: (1) a difference in channel slope between the side channel and the main channel and (2) bend flow just upstream of the bifurcation. The objective of this paper was to assess the conditions under which side channels generally aggrade or degrade and to assess the characteristic timescales of the associated morphological change. We use a one‐dimensional bifurcation model to predict the development of side channel systems and the characteristic timescale for a wide range of conditions. We then compare these results to multitemporal aerial images of four side channel systems. We consider the following mechanisms at the bifurcation to be important for side channel development: sediment diversion due to the bifurcation angle, sediment diversion due to the transverse bed slope, partitioning of suspended load, mixed sediment processes such as sorting at the bifurcation, bank erosion, deposition due to vegetation, and floodplain sedimentation. There are limitations to using a one‐dimensional numerical model as it can only account for these mechanisms in a parametrized manner, but the model reproduces general behaviour of the natural side channels until floodplain‐forming processes become important. The main result is a set of stability diagrams with key model parameters that can be used to assess the development of a side channel system and the associated timescale, which will aid in the future design and maintenance of side channel systems. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

基于地学信息图谱的河道、海岸线演变对黄河三角洲景观格局影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丹  王庆  徐洋  战超  刘现彬  王龙升  崔步礼  于祥  孙晓  王秋贤 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1220-1229

本文利用1988、1998、2009和2016年四期遥感影像,运用GIS技术,将地学信息图谱的图形思维与景观生态学的定量思维相结合,以距今不同时期的亚三角洲和滨海湿地为研究区,从景观结构和景观演替两个方面探究黄河三角洲河道、海岸线演变对景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)距今不同时间的河道对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度不同,距今时间越长的亚三角洲研究区内耕地占总面积的比例越大且耕地是亚三角洲研究区中的第一优势景观类型。在1855—1889亚三角洲研究区内,除耕地和建筑用地外,其他各类景观占总面积的比例都较小且随时间变化不明显;在1929—1934亚三角洲研究区内,盐田、养殖池占总面积的比例从2009年到2016年增加了近40%,涨幅明显;在1964—1976亚三角洲研究区内,各类景观占总面积的比例趋于平均;在2017至今的亚三角洲研究区内,耕地和光滩占总面积的比例较高,达到24%左右。(2)距今不同时间的海岸线对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度也不同,在1855滨海湿地研究区内,耕地占总面积比例为60%左右,而海域占总面积比例接近于0,极差较大;在1934和1974滨海湿地研究区内,光滩、柽柳、碱蓬群落、芦苇、白茅群落占总面积比例随时间变化几乎呈逐渐下降趋势,而建筑用地和盐田、养殖池则呈逐渐上升趋势;2009滨海湿地研究区,河流、人工水域占总面积比例在2009年和2016年均达到32%以上。(3)根据景观类型重心变化特征,分析河道、海岸线演变对景观演替的影响程度,将不同时期亚三角洲和滨海湿地研究区景观演替分为如下几类:亚三角洲人类活动主导型、废弃河道主导型、行水河道主导型、滨海湿地人类活动主导型、废弃海岸主导型、新海岸主导型。  相似文献   

新疆库车县盐水沟北铜矿床地质特征及成因探讨          下载免费PDF全文

刘传朋 《山东国土资源》2018,34(4)

盐水沟北铜矿区位于新疆库车县北部,其大地构造位置处于塔吉克-塔里木陆块区、塔里木陆块、塔里木北缘隆起、库车前陆盆地,区内构造活动强烈。铜矿床赋存于新近纪中新统康村组第一岩性段,矿体呈层状,严格受地层控制。区内共圈定10个铜矿体,矿石矿物主要为孔雀石、赤铜矿、水胆矾、自然铜等,矿体内无夹石,顶、底板围岩均为褐红色及浅红色粉质泥岩。该矿床为砂岩型铜矿床。  相似文献