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1.
Subaqueous sand dunes are common bedforms on continental shelves dominated by tidal and geostrophic currents. However, much less is known about sand dunes in deep‐marine settings that are affected by strong bottom currents. In this study, dune fields were identified on drowned isolated carbonate platforms in the Mozambique Channel (south‐west Indian Ocean). The acquired data include multibeam bathymetry, multi‐channel high‐resolution seismic reflection data, sea floor imagery, a sediment sample and current measurements from a moored current meter and hull‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler. The dunes are located at water depths ranging from 200 to 600 m on the slope terraces of a modern atoll (Bassas da India Atoll) and within small depressions formed during tectonic deformation of drowned carbonate platforms (Sakalaves Seamount and Jaguar Bank). Dunes are composed of bioclastic medium size sand, and are large to very large, with wavelengths of 40 to 350 m and heights of 0·9 to 9·0 m. Dune migration seems to be unidirectional in each dune field, suggesting a continuous import and export of bioclastic sand, with little sand being recycled. Oceanic currents are very intense in the Mozambique Channel and may be able to erode submerged carbonates, generating carbonate sand at great depths. A mooring located at 463 m water depth on the Hall Bank (30 km west of the Jaguar Bank) showed vigorous bottom currents, with mean speeds of 14 cm sec?1 and maximum speeds of 57 cm sec?1, compatible with sand dune formation. The intensity of currents is highly variable and is related to tidal processes (high‐frequency variability) and to anticyclonic eddies near the seamounts (low‐frequency variability). This study contributes to a better understanding of the formation of dunes in deep‐marine settings and provides valuable information about carbonate preservation after drowning, and the impact of bottom currents on sediment distribution and sea floor morphology.  相似文献   
2.
通过野外剖面实测和详细描述,沅古坪地区下奥陶统盘家咀组为一套以灰色泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩和生物屑灰岩为主的深水碳酸盐岩沉积,主要发育垂向降落沉积、重力流沉积和等深流沉积3种沉积类型.根据岩性特征可将该等深流沉积划分为灰泥等深岩、砂屑等深岩和生物屑等深岩3种类型,其中灰泥等深岩尤为发育,砂屑等深岩、生物屑等深岩次之,并对其发育特征以及垂向层序进行了归纳总结.研究表明,研究区主要存在由单一灰泥等深岩、砂屑等深岩与灰泥等深岩、生物屑等深岩与灰泥等深岩组成的3种不完整等深岩层序.在剖面上,根据等深岩发育类型及程度,将盘家咀组划分为三部分,从第Ⅰ部分至第Ⅲ部分,等深岩沉积厚度所占比例呈增大趋势;结合区域沉积背景,认为该地区早奥陶世盘家咀组沉积期等深流活动的强度总体上呈由弱到强的变化规律,为此等深岩丘的成熟期,这对该等深岩丘的形成机理研究及其展布范围的界定具有重大意义.  相似文献   
3.
陕西富平地区上奥陶统赵老峪组发育等深流沉积。以实测剖面、岩石光面、薄片资料以及地球化学资料为基础,结合前人研究成果,对赵老峪组等深积岩类型、层序以及等深流沉积发育的影响因素进行了分析。研究认为: (1)赵老峪组发育灰泥等深积岩和粉屑等深积岩2种类型,识别出由单一的灰泥等深积岩以及灰泥等深积岩与粉屑等深积岩组成的2种等深积岩层序;(2)等深流水团温度越低,盐度越高,则等深流强度越大;(3)等深流水团水温由高变低、再变高,盐度由低变高、再变低,可能造成了等深积岩层序由细变粗、再变细;(4)古水深变大、古气候变干热、古盐度变低有利于等深流和等深流沉积的发育。  相似文献   
4.
陕西富平地区中奥陶统等深流沉积的特征及其地质意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陕西富平赵老峪地区中奥陶统赵老峪组发育一套与深水碳酸盐岩重力流沉积、放射虫硅质岩、火山凝灰岩伴生的等深流沉积。根据岩性特征可以将该等深流沉积划分为砾屑等深积岩、砂屑等深积岩、粉屑等深积岩和灰泥等深积岩4种类型,识别出较完整的、由单一灰泥或粉屑或砂屑等深积岩叠置组成的4种等深积岩层序。等深流的流向从东北向西南方向,说明中奥陶世富平地区可能是秦岭北侧弧后盆地伸进浅水台地的一个北东向的深海前槽。富平赵老峪地区下奥陶统马家沟组和华北地块其他地区一样都发育浅水台地相碳酸盐岩,中奥陶统突变为深水斜坡-盆地边缘相的碳酸盐岩重力流及等深流沉积,而同期华北地块主体隆升为陆,反映了在扬子板块向华北板块俯冲的背景下,秦岭北侧早古生代弧后盆地北测的陷落下沉作用。  相似文献   
5.
贺兰拗拉谷北段奥陶系等深流沉积研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
笔者采用野外观察和室内分析相结合的研究方法,分析了贺兰拗拉谷北段桌子山剖面奥陶纪地层的沉积相特征及沉积环境的垂向变化和横向迁移规律。以桌子山剖面奥陶系沉积相研究为基础,采用Fischer图解法,求取了其可容空间的变化曲线。在此基础上,结合沉积相模式,识别出了典型的碳酸盐等深流沉积,建立了贺兰拗拉谷北段奥陶系层序地层学模式,为拗拉谷的存在提供了有力的证据。各层序的水进体系域,应列为该区油气勘探的重要目标层段。  相似文献   
6.
Four drift accumulations have been identified on the continental margin of northern Norway; the Lofoten Drift, the Vesterålen Drift, the Nyk Drift and the Sklinnadjupet Drift. Based on seismic character these drifts were found to belong to two main groups; (1) mounded, elongated, upslope accretion drifts (Lofoten Drift, Vesterålen Drift and Nyk Drift), and (2) infilling drifts (Sklinnadjupet Drift). The drifts are located on the continental slope. Mainly surface and intermediate water circulation, contrary to many North Atlantic and Antarctic drifts that are related to bottom water circulation, and sediment availability have controlled their growth. Sediments were derived both from winnowing of the shelf and upper slope and from ice sheets when present on the shelf. The main source area was the Vøring margin. This explains the high maximum average sedimentation rate of the nearby Nyk (1.2 m/ka) and Sklinnadjupet (0.5 m/ka) Drifts compared with the distal Lofoten (0.036 m/ka) and Vesterålen (0.060 m/ka) Drifts. The high sedimentation rate of the Nyk Drift, deposited during the period between the late Saalian and the late Weichselian is of the same order of magnitude as previously reported for glacigenic slope sediments deposited during glacial maximum periods only. The Sklinnadjupet Drift is infilling a paleo-slide scar. The development of the infilling drift was possible due to the available accommodation space, a slide scar acting as a sediment trap. Based on the formation of diapirs originating from the Sklinnadjupet Drift sediments we infer these sediments to have a muddy composition with relatively high water content and low density, more easily liquefied and mobilised compared with the glacigenic diamictons.  相似文献   
7.
High resolution, single-channel seismic sparker profiles across the Akademichesky Ridge, an intra-basin structural high in Lake Baikal (Russia), reveal the presence of small sediment mounds and intervening moats in the upper part of the sedimentary cover. Such features interrupt the generally uniform and even acoustic facies and are not consistent with the hemipelagic sedimentation, which is expected on such an isolated high and which would produce a uniform sediment drape over bottom irregularities. The influence of turbidity currents is excluded since the ridge is an isolated high elevated more than 600-1000 m above adjacent basins. The mounded seismic facies, including migrating sediment waves and non-depositional/erosional incisions, strongly suggest that sediment accumulation was controlled by bottom-current activity. We interpret the mounds as small-scale (< few tens of km2 in area) lacustrine drifts. Four basic types of geometry are identified: 1) slope-plastered patch sheets; 2) patch drifts; 3) confined drifts; 4) fault-controlled drifts. The general asymmetry in the sedimentary cover of the ridge, showing thicker deposits on the NW flank, and the common location of patch drifts on the northeast side of small basement knolls indicate that deposition took preferentially place at the lee sides of obstacles in a current flowing northward or sub-parallel to the main contours. Deep-water circulation in the ridge area is not known in detail, but there are indications that relatively cold saline water masses are presently flowing out of the Central Basin and plunging into the deep parts of the North Basin across the ridge, a process that appears to be driven mainly by small differences in salinity. We infer that the process responsible for the observed bottom-current-controlled sedimentary features has to be sought in these large-scale water-mass movements and their past equivalents. The age of the onset of the bottom-current-controlled sedimentation, based on an average sedimentation rate of 4.0 cm/ky, is roughly estimated to be as least as old as 3.5 Ma, which is generally regarded as the age of the onset of the last major tectonic pulse of rift basin development in the Baikal region.  相似文献   
8.
等深流沉积特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据国内外等深流沉积的研究成果,从产状、成分、结构、沉积构造、垂向层序和与海平面变化的关系等方面总结了等深流沉积特征以及与其他类型深水沉积的区别。等深流沉积是深水牵引流沉积中的一种重要类型,蕴含有重要的古海洋学和古气候信息,对其进行解析是近年国际海洋学、气候学研究的热点。等深流沉积最明显的特征包括对称递变层序以及强烈的生物扰动,其储集性能优于浊流沉积,具有非常重要的含油气潜能。南海是中国具有深海环境的唯一边缘海盆,在南海北部深水陆坡环境已确认等深流沉积普遍存在,是等深流研究的理想场所,但南海的等深流沉积类型、形态特征以及控制其发育的主要因素等问题有待进一步研究。  相似文献   
9.
从桌子山剖面看贺兰坳拉谷北段奥陶系等深流沉积   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用野外观察描述和室内分析相结合的方法,综合分析了贺兰坳拉谷北段桌子山剖面奥陶系各组地层沉积相特征,得到了沉积环境的垂向变化和横向迁移规律。以桌子山剖面奥陶系沉积相研究为基础,结合沉积相模式,识别出了典型的碳酸盐等深流沉积,建立了贺兰坳拉谷北段奥陶系层序地层学模式,从而为验证坳拉谷的存在提供了有力的证据。  相似文献   
10.
多金属结核海底照片图象处理结果的地质解释   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海底照片微机处理系统(NIRS)是多金属结核海底照片的处理系统,该系统可高效率地处理大量的海底照片,提高了照片的清晰度,获取了更多的地质信息,根据DY8501及DY85-3航次照片处理结果,划盼出五咱照片类型,讨论照片处理质量的评价方法,在海氏分布状态,用照片估算丰度评价校正抓斗采样丰度的方法。DY85-3航次全部单次照片的处理结果表明,在抓斗采样丰度中,埋藏型结核所占的比例很小;抓斗采样丰度受诸  相似文献   
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