开挖前降水引发基坑变形机制模型试验研究     

曾超峰  薛秀丽  宋伟炜  李淼坤  白宁 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2963-2972

现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形，认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而，一些工程实测表明，基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然，未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制，开展了室内模型试验，对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控，模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现，随着降水的进行，坑外降水漏斗不断扩展，围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外，降水导致墙前水压力明显减小，并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主），围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡，并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。  相似文献   

某地下空间承压含水层抽水试验及成果分析     

吴烨  谢世红 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):107-111

由于地下水突涌风险,地下空间在施工作业中有必要通过抽水试验确定承压含水层的水文地质参数。依据勘察报告的初步评价,基坑开挖15.5m时,场地内第⑦1层承压含水层有可能产生突涌,为确保工程安全施工,需开挖前进行承压含水层抽水试验,取得场地承压含水层水文地质参数及降水引起的沉降特征,为地下空间设计和施工提供可靠依据。本次布设抽水井、观测井、分层沉降标组、孔隙水压力观测孔及地面沉降观测点,依据抽水试验技术要求获取渗透系数、抽水影响半径等相关水文地质参数。最后,针对工程场地内承压水情况及特点进行分析,提出基坑开挖时的承压水降压建议方案。  相似文献   

不同厚度饱和砂土中群桩结构动力响应试验研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李雨润  强东峰  邹泽  刘荟达  王海 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):625-630

液化土中桩基础动力响应规律一直是工程抗震领域关注的热点问题。本文基于非液化砂土和不同厚度饱和砂土中的2×2群桩结构模型振动台试验,通过输入一定峰值加速度和频率的正弦波,对群桩在非液化土层和两种不同厚度饱和砂土层中的横向动力响应特性进行振动台试验研究。研究结果表明:在正弦波输入情况下,非液化砂土中群桩承台加速度和位移时程与台面输入时程相比,波形变化规律与峰值大小均相差不大;而对两种不同厚度饱和砂土中承台加速度和位移峰值放大较多,在相对较薄的饱和砂土中群桩承台加速度峰值较台面输入放大了1.83倍,较台面输出位移峰值放大了1.58倍;在相对较厚的饱和砂土中承台加速度和位移峰值则分别放大了2.18倍和1.91倍,说明在相同输入条件下,较厚的饱和砂土在发生液化后群桩承台的动力响应更加显著。  相似文献   

豫西南泥湖地区辉长岩地球化学特征及其与成矿关系          下载免费PDF全文

刘辉 《山东国土资源》2018,34(3)

豫西南泥湖钼矿集区是以花岗斑岩体为中心的钼多金属矿床系列,区内出露大面积加里东期变辉长岩和燕山期辉长岩。通过分析区内辉长岩的岩石学、年代学、地球化学和成矿元素等方面特征,研究其在成岩成矿过程中的作用。区内加里东期变辉长岩和燕山期辉长岩成矿元素总稀土含量低,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线右倾平缓,具有明显的Eu,Tm元素的异常;同比世界基性岩,自晚元古代上地幔主要成矿元素(除钨元素以外)基本没有明显的富集,主成矿元素钼含量呈明显的亏损,预示燕山期成矿花岗质岩浆没有从上地幔获得主要成矿物质。初步认为大规模的钼多金属成矿带的形成与基性岩浆的底垫作用相关,基性岩浆的底垫作用为下地壳部分熔融形成岩浆房提供了热源。  相似文献   

Towards Regional Synergy: Reconciling Rangeland Ecological Functioning with Forage Production of Cultivated Pasture     

SHI Peili  ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):247-252

Animal husbandry and crop farming are specialized for development in separate areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Such a pattern of isolation has led to current concerns of rangeland and farming system degradation due to intensive land use. The crop-livestock integration, however, has been proven to increase food and feed productivity thorough niche complementarity, and is thereby especially effective for promoting ecosystem resilience. Regional synergy has emerged as an integrated approach to reconcile rangeland livestock with forage crop production. It moves beyond the specialized sectors of animal husbandry and intensive agriculture to coordinate them through regional coupling. Therefore, crop-livestock integration (CLI) has been suggested as one of the effective solutions to forage deficit and livestock production in grazing systems. But it is imperative that CLI moves forward from the farm level to the regional scale, in order to secure regional synergism during agro-pastoral development. The national key R & D program, Technology and Demonstration of Recovery and Restoration of Degraded Alpine Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, aims to solve the problems of alpine grassland degradation by building up a grass-based animal husbandry technology system that includes synergizing forage production and ecological functioning, reconciling the relationship between ecology, forage production and animal husbandry, and achieving the win-win goals of curbing grassland degradation and changing the development mode of animal husbandry. It is imperative to call for regional synergy through integrating ecological functioning with ecosystem services, given the alarming threat of rangeland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The series of papers in this issue, together with those published previously, provide a collection of rangeland ecology and management studies in an effort to ensure the sustainable use and management of the alpine ecosystems.  相似文献   

小跨高比带楼板半通缝连梁抗震性能有限元分析          下载免费PDF全文

张超  陈向上  于德湖 《世界地震工程》2018,34(1):051-62

为了缓解联肢剪力墙中小跨高比连梁发生低延性的剪切破坏，增强连梁的变形和耗能能力，可在单连梁中轴线位置设置半通缝并配置交叉斜筋，形成半通缝连梁。本文完成了的对7种连梁的模拟，分析了在小跨高比、低周反复荷载作用条件下不同类型带楼板连梁的承载力、变形能力、刚度退化和耗能能力以及不同跨高比、不同开缝位置对带楼板半通缝连梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明:楼板会使半通缝连梁的剪压比增大，延性下降；但相比于普通连梁和双连梁，半通缝连梁具有较好的变形能力和承载力，可在实际中推广。  相似文献   

基于弹性拉索的超高墩三塔斜拉桥减震效果研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐向东  盖永斌  杜镔  唐志  钟荣炼 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):138-145

为探究超高墩三塔斜拉桥在弹性拉索装置下的减震效果,首先利用SAP2000建立了考虑支座非线性和拉索几何非线性的三维有限元模型;其次基于弹性拉索装置,研究了弹性拉索刚度对三塔斜拉桥地震响应的影响;最后基于数值分析结果并结合某三塔斜拉桥实际工程提出3种减震方案。研究表明:在两边塔塔梁结合处设置弹性拉索可显著减小桥梁在地震作用下的内力和位移响应;提出的方案1(两边塔单根弹性索均为50股,单股刚度均为12000kN/m)、方案2(两边塔单根弹性索均为100股,单股刚度均为10000kN/m)和方案3(15#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度10000kN/m;17#主塔单根弹性拉索100股,单股刚度为16000kN/m)相较于无弹性索状态,均可有效降低主塔塔底弯矩、塔底剪力、塔顶位移及主梁纵向位移;相较于方案1,方案2和方案3是更优方案。  相似文献   

An iterative technique to delineate protection buffers for wetlands in regions subject to intensive groundwater pumping     

H.F. Aristizábal 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(8):885-899

Wetlands are vulnerable to groundwater extraction, which has proven detrimental to aquatic ecosystems around the planet. As wetlands rank among the world’s most endangered ecosystems, versatile strategies are required to protect them. This paper provides a modelling-based method to delineate protection buffers in wetlands subject to groundwater extraction. The technique is sufficiently flexible to cater to a wide variety of conditions, and simple enough to underpin management decisions on a daily basis. A numerical model is used to obtain a map of the critical rate of groundwater abstraction, based on the distance between wetlands and suitable discharge thresholds. The outcomes determine the allowed pumping rate at any point under steady and transient-state conditions. A new iteration is developed every time a new pumping allowance is made. This procedure is demonstrated by means of hypothetical scenarios, as well as by a case study application in the Valle del Cauca region, Colombia.  相似文献   

New graphical methods for estimating aquifer hydraulic parameters using pumping tests with exponentially decreasing rates     

Chao Zhuang  Zhifang Zhou  Hongbin Zhan  Jinguo Wang  Yabing Li  Zhi Dou 《水文研究》2019,33(17):2314-2322

Actual pumping tests may involve continuously decreasing rates over a certain period of time, and the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S_s) of the tested confined aquifer cannot be interpreted from the classical constant‐rate test model. In this study, we revisit the aquifer drawdown characteristics of a pumping test with an exponentially decreasing rate using the dimensionless analytical solution for such a variable‐rate model. The drawdown may decrease with time for a short period of time at intermediate pumping times for such pumping tests. A larger ratio of initial to final pumping rate and a smaller radial distance of the observation well will enhance the decreasing feature. A larger decay constant results in an earlier decrease, but it weakens the extent of such a decrease. Based on the proposed dimensionless transformation, we have proposed two graphical methods for estimating K and S_s of the tested aquifer. The first is a new type curve method that does not employ the well function as commonly done in standard type curve analysis. Another is a new analytic method that takes advantage of the decreasing features of aquifer drawdown during the intermediate pumping stage. We have demonstrated the applicability and robustness of the two new graphical methods for aquifer characterization through a synthetic pumping test.  相似文献   

不同法截面子午线椭球衔接的研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

李复才  姚德新 《全球定位系统》2020,45(1):88-92

为了满足高速铁路线路控制网的投影长度变形值不大于10 mm／km的要求,将长线工程线路分成多段并建立各自的法截面子午线椭球．针对相邻法截面子午线椭球的衔接问题,提出交点法线重合的方法,实现椭球变换之后交点位置的一致性,解决线路的衔接问题,从而大大加强法截面子午线椭球理论在工程线路弯曲性、复杂性及长度的适用性．   相似文献