埋深对恐龙化石的影响效果研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈诚  贾超  张尚坤  杜圣贤  罗文强  田京祥 《山东国土资源》2019,35(5)

已发现的恐龙化石大多数埋藏在不同深度的地层中,不同埋深化石所受风化破坏程度不尽相同。为深入研究恐龙化石的风化机理,探究恐龙化石的保护措施和方法,重点分析埋深产生的侧向压力对恐龙化石强度和破坏特性的影响。通过有限差分软件FLAC3D进行数值模拟,揭示埋深因素对恐龙化石保存的影响程度。试验结果表明:围岩对恐龙化石施加的侧向压力是影响恐龙化石变形和强度特性的一个重要因素。在弹性变形阶段,恐龙化石的初始强度、峰值强度随侧向压力的增大而不断增大。当应力超过了恐龙化石极限强度后进入塑性变形,其初始强度、峰值强度逐渐减小,最终达到残余强度。  相似文献   

内含裂隙角的恐龙化石轴向受压数值试验及裂纹扩展机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

杜圣贤  陈军  于学峰  贾超  张尚坤  宋香锁  罗文强 《山东国土资源》2019,35(5)

面临众多古生物化石遭受风化破坏的现实,恐龙化石保护是一项世界性难题。化石的风化原因多种多样,其中化石内部裂隙是导致恐龙化石风化、破坏的重要因素。该文以岩石断裂力学为理论依据,模拟分析内含裂隙的恐龙化石在压力作用下的破坏情况。通过数值模拟的方法,进行了内含裂隙恐龙化石数值压缩试验,并对内含裂隙的恐龙化石裂纹扩展机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,随着裂隙角度增大,开裂角逐渐减小,裂隙处特别是两端应力集中,其他部位应力较低、分布均匀;裂纹扩展是从裂纹尖端起裂,最终裂纹扩展到边缘。此研究结果为揭示恐龙化石风化机理和开展保护提供了基础参考资料。  相似文献   

Morphological and Phylogenetic Study Based on New Materials of Anchiornis huxleyi (Dinosauria,Theropoda) from Jianchang,Western Liaoning,China     

GUO Xiangqi  XU Li  JIA Songhai 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(1):1-15

Anchiornis huxleyi, which is a member of the Middle–Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota, is the smallest feathered dinosaur ever known. It has been described as a critical link between feathered dinosaurs and birds. Recent studies, including those of Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, Eosinopteryx and Aurornis, challenged Archaeopteryx as the most basal bird. The new Anchiornis huxleyi specimens that are described in this paper show some minor different characters compared to previously reported Anchiornis specimens, which has revised the character list of Anchiornis and indicates a different phylogenetic point from former opinions.  相似文献   

A New Ootype of Dinosaur Egg (Faveoloolithidae: Duovallumoolithus shangdanensis oogen. et oosp. nov.) from the Late Cretaceous in the Shangdan Basin,Shaanxi Province,China     

ZHENG Tingting  BAI Yi  WANG Qiang  ZHU Xufeng  FANG Kaiyong  YAO Yuan  ZHAO Yongqiang  WANG Xiaolin 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):897-903

A new ootype collected from the Upper Cretaceous Lijiacun Formation in the Shangdan Basin, Shaanxi Province is described in this paper. Based on general external shape, size, eggshell thickness and honeycomb‐like eggshell microstructure, eggs are referable to the oofamily Faveoloolithidae. Compared with other members of Faveoloolithidae, specimens described in this paper show special characteristics: adjacent pores are usually separated by two eggshell units between which often develop interspaces; columnar eggshell units are relatively closely arranged in radial view. According to these characteristics, we erect a new oogenus and a new oospecies: Duovallumoolithus shangdanensis oogen. et oosp. nov. The new discovery expands the diversity of Faveoloolithidae.  相似文献   

A Rhaetian microvertebrate fauna from Stowey Quarry,Somerset, U.K.     

Iacopo Cavicchini  H. Cecilia Heyworth  Christopher J. Duffin  Claudia Hildebrandt  Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):144-158

Rhaetian bone beds have been described from many locations in south-west England, around Bristol. One site that has never been reported is Stowey Quarry, some 13?km south of Bristol. This quarry yielded Lias, and revealed thin Rhaetian units in the quarry floor, including two bone beds, the basal Rhaetian bone bed, and a second, higher bone bed, also within the Westbury Formation. The fossil fauna of both includes elements typical of Rhaetian bone beds elsewhere, but showing differences in faunal composition between the two. The basal bone bed yielded more specimens and more species, with three taxa (Sargodon tomicus, Rhomphaiodon minor and Hybodus cloacinus) exclusive to this bed and eleven identified in total. Severnichthys acuminatus accounts for more than 50% of the countable teeth from the basal bone bed, followed by Gyrolepis albertii with 20%, Lissodus minimus with 14% and Rhomphaiodon minor with 9%. The basal bone bed, as ever, is dominated by chondrichthyans, whereas the upper bone bed is dominated by osteichthyans, which form 90% of the non-dental remains. The only unique taxon is Dapedium, and Gyrolepis albertii is the most abundant species with 45% of countable teeth, followed by Severnichthys acuminatus with 38% and Duffinselache holwellensis with 11%. These faunal differences, and the equally good condition of specimens between both samples confirms that the upper bone bed is independent of the basal bone bed, and is not a reworked subsample.  相似文献   

四川西昌盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹群的新发现     

童馗  邢立达  姜巽  彭光照  叶勇  江山  丑春永  李轲  李智武 《地质通报》2018,37(10):1771-1776

四川西昌盆地白垩系小坝组尚未发现骨骼化石记录,其白垩系恐龙动物群的信息全赖于足迹化石。2017年,在喜德县洛甘发现小坝组迄今最大型的恐龙足迹群。该足迹点保存了大量的兽脚类足迹。足迹保存条件较差,但具备了基本的形态学特征。总体来看,兽脚类足迹具有尺寸较小(8~13cm),中等中趾前凹(0.5~0.6)和第Ⅱ趾和第Ⅳ趾间较宽趾间角(70°~100°)的特征;少量足迹保存了跖骨垫。初步分析认为,洛甘兽脚类足迹与四川盆地夹关组的兽脚类足迹Eubrontes和Grallator形态类型相似,为两地在白垩纪中期具有类似的恐龙动物群的观点提供了新的证据。该发现对于西昌盆地的古气候、古地理和地层对比都具有重要的意义,足迹详细分类还有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

汝阳盆地早白垩世恐龙蛋壳的发现及其意义     

夏梦丽  朱旭峰  徐莉  常华丽  贾松海  李雨  杨丽丽  王强 《地质学报》2023,97(5):1383-1389

汝阳盆地是豫西地区的一个中—新生代断陷盆地,自2006年以来发现了一个以巨型蜥脚类恐龙为代表的恐龙动物群。本文描述了近期发现于汝阳盆地下白垩统郝岭组中的若干恐龙蛋蛋壳碎片。基于以下对蛋壳宏观形态和显微特征的分析,这些蛋壳碎片可以归入长形蛋科(Elongatoolithidae)的长形蛋属(Elongatoolithus):蛋壳外表面具分散瘤点状或线性脊状的纹饰;蛋壳自内而外分为锥体层和柱状层,二层之间的界线不清晰;锥体层中锥体排列紧密;柱状层中具波浪状的平行生长纹。这一发现代表了长形蛋属在早白垩世地层中的首次记录,进一步拓展了该蛋属的地史和古地理分布。由以往已知的化石关联推测,这些蛋壳可能与该层位中的窃蛋龙类如刘店洛阳龙(Luoyanggia liudianensis)等具有相关性,表明汝阳盆地在早白垩世晚期具有适宜该类恐龙生存与繁殖的环境。  相似文献   

冀北宣化地区晚侏罗世土城子组恐龙足迹群沉积环境     

高尚  张运强  贠杰  张亚光  周正柱  谷文杰  刘洪章 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):35-36

  相似文献   

宁夏六盘山地区早白垩世恐龙足迹研究     

杨卿  吕君昌  王金敏  杨克成  赵明  赵亚  万杨  魏丽馨  宗立一  刘晓莉  朱建忠  韩加银 《地球学报》2019,40(3):483-491

本文记述了发现于宁夏六盘山地区的恐龙足迹化石。共计5个化石点,分别位于宁夏六盘山地区固原市隆德县和泾源县,赋存地层为下白垩统六盘山群和尚铺组、李洼峡组和马东山组,包括蜥脚类和鸟脚类恐龙足迹化石,其中以蜥脚类为主。足迹可识别的有4条行迹,其中,隆德县香水镇行迹所代表的恐龙个体较小,臀高仅1.44m,其余3组行迹代表的恐龙较大,臀高在2.79～3.27m之间;鸟脚类恐龙臀高约为0.48 m,为小型鸟脚类恐龙。采用Alexander的速度计算方法对造迹恐龙的速度进行研究,表明六盘山地区蜥脚类造迹恐龙速度为0.34～1.41m/s之间,复步长与臀高的比值小于2,均为正常行走状态。足迹保存层面岩性主要为粉砂质泥岩、细砂岩,具水平层理、波痕、泥裂、雨雹痕等沉积构造,含植物碎片化石,并发育有大量的无脊椎动物潜穴化石。根据岩性及沉积构造判断,造迹恐龙活动环境为离湖岸较近的浅水地带。  相似文献   

南阳盆地西峡赵营村上白垩统高沟组恐龙蛋化石埋藏特征及古环境意义     

贾松海  徐莉  常华丽  高永利  张成君 《地球学报》2020,41(3):431-442

豫南南阳盆地西峡赵营村上白垩统高沟组含有较多的恐龙蛋化石,其中最为著名的是“路易贝贝”胚胎化石。对含化石地层中恐龙蛋的保存特征和古气候重建,可进一步认识白垩纪恐龙灭绝的古环境背景和原因。本文实测赵营村剖面厚约267.8 m,主要由下伏泥盆系南湾组(厚7.9 m)、上白垩统高沟组(厚259.9 m,未到顶)组成。通过地层沉积物结构构造观测和样品采集,在室内进行了元素、碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成、有机质饱和烃生标化合物等测试。结果表明,高沟组沉积物主要源于熊耳山岩浆岩的风化和短距离迁移,恐龙蛋化石主要保存于海拔200~800 m的山麓至平原过渡带的河漫滩环境,以原地埋藏为主。降雨量的变化造成河漫滩与河道频繁变化,从而导致恐龙在山麓与河漫滩之间来回迁栖。生物标志化合物分析表明,含恐龙蛋化石地层有机质主要来源于水生植物、菌藻类和陆生植物,但植被总体不发育。利用地层沉积岩Si/Al、CIA、Rb/Sr比值,以及δ13C、δ18O等环境指标对高沟组古气候重建,该时期发生了较为快速的旋回变化,经历了暖干—暖湿—干旱—暖湿—干旱的古气候演变过程,总体上呈逐渐干旱化的趋势。通过赵营村晚白垩世早期恐龙蛋化石的埋藏、以及地层的古环境重建,说明古气候、古环境状况可能是影响恐龙生存的主要因素,大量恐龙蛋不能完全孵化以及气候的干旱化导致植被恶化可能是恐龙逐渐消亡的原因。  相似文献