Climatic signals in lacustrine deposits of the Upper Yacoraite Formation,Western Argentina: Evidence from clay minerals,analcime, dolomite and fibrous calcite     

João Paulo B. Gomes  Rodrigo B. Bunevich  Sandra N. Tonietto  Daisy B. Alves  Julice F. Santos  Fiona F. Whitaker 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2282-2309

Authigenic clays are an important control on reservoir quality in lacustrine carbonates but remain challenging to predict. Lacustrine depositional systems respond to climatic variations in rainfall, surface runoff and groundwater input, and evaporation, and result in rapid and frequent changes in lake volume; this is expressed through changing water depth and shoreline position. In the upper portion of the Early Palaeocene Yacoraite Formation of the Salta Basin in Argentina, extensive lacustrine deposits were deposited during the sag phase of rifting. Prior high-resolution stratigraphic studies have suggested that climatic factors control microbial carbonate sequences within a ‘balanced fill’ lake, with variation in the lake level having a major influence on facies association changes. This study characterizes the evolution of facies and mineralogy within the Yacoraite Formation, focusing on the distribution of clay minerals, making a link between the high, medium and low-frequency sequence stratigraphic cycles. The low-frequency transgressive hemicycle of the upper portion of the Yacoraite Formation is comprised of abundant siliciclastic facies, suggesting a wetter period. Microbialites occurring in this interval are coarse-grained and agglutinated. Detrital clay minerals such as illite and chlorite and associated siliciclastic sediments were input to the lake during high-frequency transgressive periods. During high-frequency regressive hemicycles, sedimentation was dominated by carbonate facies with Ca-rich dolomite and the authigenic clays are comprised of chlorite/smectite mixed-layers. By contrast, the low frequency regressive hemicycle records fine-grained agglutinated microbialite with horizons of fibrous calcite, more stoichiometric dolomite, barite and authigenic magnesian smectite. This indicates elevated ion concentrations in the lake under intense evaporation during an arid period. Understanding the conditions that are favourable for formation and preservation of authigenic clays within the lacustrine environment can improve understanding of reservoir quality in comparable economically important deposits.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马六段白云岩特征及形成机制研究     

刘丽红  王春连  李丽霞  杜治利  唐跃  韩淼 《中国地质》2020,47(3):810-820

鄂尔多斯盆地马六段在盆地大部分地区被剥蚀,仅在盆地周缘地区分布,因此,有关该盆地马六段白云岩成因研究较少。本文通过对马六段白云岩岩石学特征、阴极发光特征、微量元素特征以及碳氧同位素地球化学特征进行分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部马六段白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,盆地南部马六段白云岩主要由细—中晶白云岩组成,白云石具"雾心亮边"结构,阴极发光呈暗红色光。微量元素总体上具有较低的Fe、Mn值,平均值分别为447×10~(-6)和62×10~(-6),较高的K、Na值,平均值分别为517×10-6和252×10~(-6),以及中等含量的Sr元素值,平均值为155×10~(-6)。δ~(13)C值平均为-0.617‰,δ~(18)O值平均为-7.6‰,以上特征均反映出海源流体特征。白云石的"雾心"和"亮边"结构中微量元素含量相差不大,认为是在相同成岩环境的不同成岩阶段形成,其中"雾心"形成于浅埋藏环境的渗透回流白云石化作用,而"亮边"是在深埋藏环境下对早期白云石的调整和加强。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系湖相白云岩 地质特征及古环境意义          下载免费PDF全文

林春明  王兵杰  张霞  张妮  江凯禧  黄舒雅  蔡明俊 《高校地质学报》2019,25(3):377

湖相白云岩是渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段发现的一种特殊油气储层类型。根据钻井岩心、古生物、薄 片、扫描电镜及电子探针等分析，确定了该套白云岩的主要岩石类型及矿物特征，并通过地球化学特征分析，对白云岩的 形成环境进行了探讨。北塘凹陷白云岩常与泥岩和方沸石岩呈互层状产出，其次为均匀块状；矿物成分主要有白云石、方 沸石、粘土矿物等。通过X射线衍射、主微量元素地球化学分析，对白云岩形成时的古盐度、古温度、水深、氧化还原条 件等进行了研究，认为研究区白云岩沉积于高盐度、较高水体温度和较高PH值的半咸水湖湾还原环境。海水的侵入使湖水 的含盐度增大，提供了有利的物理化学条件，促进了白云岩的形成。  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Dolomite: A Review and PerspectiveEI北大核心CSCD     

Li Q.  Bao Z. 《大地构造与成矿学》2018,(4):699-717

Hydrothermal dolomite commonly closely associates with oil-gas reservoirs and sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits in particular. Host rocks of MVT deposits usually experienced extensive dolomitization, and indeed, hydrothermal dolomite is considered as a useful prospective indicator for MVT mineralization. However, genetic link between the hydrothermal dolomitization and MVT Pb-Zn mineralization is a matter of debate. This paper briefly reviewed the nomenclature and research history of hydrothermal dolomite, introduced the major geological, geochemical characteristics, and distribution of hydrothermal dolomite, spatial and possibly genetic relationship between hdyrothermal dolomite and hdyrothermal ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs based on case studies including the occurrence of hydrothermal dolomites in MVT deposits in Southwest China. The temporal and genetic relationships between dolomitizaiton and thermal sulfate reduction, sulfide precipitation and thus the location of ore mineralization well worthy more attention, and comprehensive geological and isotope geochemical and state of art in situ techniques will contribute to understanding of the genesis of hydrotherml dolomite and the spatially related ore deposits and oil-gas reservoirs. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.  相似文献   

从成岩-蚀变特征探讨塔深1井白云岩储层成因     

尤东华  王亮  胡文瑄  钱一雄  王小林  陈强路  张军涛 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(1):34-46

塔深1井钻遇的寒武系地层属于中寒武统阿瓦塔格组和上寒武统丘里塔格下亚群。阿瓦塔格组以灰色-深灰色粉晶-细晶藻白云岩为主,丘里塔格下亚群以灰色-浅灰色晶粒结构白云岩与残余亮晶结构白云岩为主。藻白云岩在阴极发光下以明亮的中等强度砖红色-桔黄色为主要特点,具有相对偏重的δ18O值(-6.3‰~-4.5‰,平均为-5.3‰,VPDB)、相对较高的稀土总量以及与正常海相碳酸盐岩相似的稀土配分样式。晶粒白云岩与残余亮晶结构白云岩在阴极发光下以偏暗的中等强度蓝紫色-砖红色为主要特点,具有相对偏轻的δ18O值(-9.2‰~-5.7‰,平均为-7.5‰,VPDB)、相对偏低的稀土总量、Eu正异常与重稀土明显亏损为特点的稀土配分模式。阿瓦塔格组和丘里塔格下亚群白云岩在上述岩石学特征和地球化学特征上的差异表明储层发育的成岩-蚀变过程存在差异。研究认为,埋藏较深的阿瓦塔格组优质储层的形成受多种因素控制,其中准同生期大气淡水作用下石膏结核的溶解及非稳定碳酸盐矿物的溶解奠定了基础,后期成岩改造及流体作用进行了强化,局部遭充填破坏。  相似文献   

东地中海黎凡特盆地白垩纪阿尔布期白云岩成因研究          下载免费PDF全文

王小敏  胡忠亚  李伟强 《高校地质学报》2018,24(5):681

“白云岩问题”一直是碳酸盐岩研究的热点问题。镁作为白云石的主量元素之一,其同位素组成包含了白云岩化过 程和白云岩沉积环境的信息。本文以以色列黎凡特盆地早白垩世末阿尔布期（~100 Ma）Givat Ye’arim组和Soreq组白云岩 为研究对象,在岩石学、微量元素和C-O-Sr同位素地球化学研究基础之上,开展了高密度镁同位素分析。结果显示白云岩 主要由半自形—自形的泥微晶白云石组成,岩性致密,后期成岩改造作用较弱,因此元素及同位素组成基本可以反映原始 白云岩化流体的地球化学特征;C-Sr同位素组成与Albian期海水保持一致,表明同期咸化海水是白云岩化流体并为白云石 形成提供镁离子;白云岩δ26Mg值稳定在-2.0‰左右,没有明显的垂向差异,表明白云岩化过程中咸化海水供应充足,流体 以渗流方式而不是以扩散方式在松散沉积物中运移,孔隙水化学组成相对均一,白云岩镁同位素组成得以与同期海水相平 衡。白云岩中陆源风化指示元素Rb和ΣREE以及海水盐度指标Na元素含量表现出多期旋回性变化,反映半封闭体系对周期 性气候和环境变化的响应,然而垂向上稳定的白云岩δ26Mg值表明区域性的气候变化不会显著改变沉积盆地体系中的镁同位 素组成,因此对于地质历史时期在半局限海洋环境中沉积的巨厚白云岩而言,其镁同位素组成可以用来示踪全球海水镁同 位素波动。  相似文献   

黔东铜仁地区寒武系热液白云岩特征及其成矿意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

李驰  潘文  杜远生 《古地理学报》2018,20(5):869-876

黔东铜仁地区寒武系清虚洞组和娄山关组中分布有多处热液白云岩,其形态包括块状、透镜状、角砾状等。通过露头及薄片观察、流体包裹体温度测定、稀土元素和锶同位素分析,笔者探讨了研究区不同类型热液白云岩的形成机制、热液性质与来源及其与铅锌成矿作用的关系。结果表明: (1)热液白云岩由中粗晶-巨晶鞍状白云石组成,形成温度为96~223 ℃,平均为155.86 ℃;盐度为8.28~16.15 wt% NaCl,平均为12.30wt% NaCl;具有轻稀土富集和Ce负异常特征,LREE/HREE为16.51,δCe为0.79, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr为0.708662。(2)块状和透镜状热液白云岩形成于交代作用较完全的环境,角砾状热液白云岩可能形成于水力破裂作用;白云石化流体可能来自包括震旦系碳酸盐岩在内的下伏地层,断层和裂缝为其运移通道。(3)白云石化流体与区域铅锌成矿流体温度、盐度和地球化学特征相近,来源相同或相似;热液白云岩中含有少量成矿物质,应形成于铅锌主成矿期前后。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地乌—夏地区风城组云质岩类沉积环境及成因探讨     

刘英辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(1):80-93

准噶尔盆地乌—夏地区二叠系风城组发育一套特殊的云质岩类,其沉积环境及成因复杂,目前仍存在较多争议。本文基于岩心观察（13口井）与系统取样测试分析（64个样品）,揭示了目标层位云质岩的岩石学和地球化学特征,探讨了不同类型云质岩的沉积环境及成因机制。研究结果表明：根据云质岩宏观结构特征,风城组可识别纹层状、星散状、丝絮状、团块状和不规则层状5种云质岩类型;高δ13CPDB值（平均4.0‰）、高古盐度值（平均13.0%）和深水沉积构造等特征表明目标层位沉积环境具有陆相低能、深水还原和咸水高矿化度等特点;纹层状云质岩为“高山深盆”盐湖卤水分层形成的准同生白云岩,团块状、不规则层状、丝絮状和星散状云质岩为埋藏交代白云岩。  相似文献   

Surface Geophysical Methods used to Verify the Karst Geological Structure in the Built-up Area: A Case Study of Specific Engineering-Geological Conditions     

Rene PUTISKA  Marian MARSCHALKO  Isik YILMAZ  Dominik NIEMIEC  CHENG Xianfeng  Ivan DOSTAL  Jan KUBAC 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1763-1770

This article presents a research study of complex limestone karst engineering-geological conditions in the municipality Valaská near Banská Bystrica in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the impossibility of spatial identification of cave spaces using surface geophysical methods due to the specific engineering-geological conditions of a thick surface layer of anthropogenic fill containing highly heterogeneous anthropogenic material. Its maximum thickness is 3 m. Another specificific condition of the study area is its location in the built-up area, due to which the applicability of geophysical methods was limited. The article contains methodological recommendations to be used in analogous geological conditions with karst structures topped with anthropogenic fill, which complicates the identification of cave spaces. The recommended solution herein is the identification of the cave system using underground mapping of the karst and its projection onto the surface for which surface geophysical methods have been combined.  相似文献   

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征          下载免费PDF全文

李红  王良军  柳益群  曾韬  张冬冬  李文厚  周鼎武  杨康  董杨坤  彭毅峰 《古地理学报》2021,23(1)

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈"雪片状"集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素δ34S介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有Ca O高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce*明显负异常、Eu/Eu*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。  相似文献